After the 1990s, Japan has been deeply influenced by international trends as well as its own political and economic development. With the traditional Tenno system, Japan confronted the rapid rise and impact of the civilians' social consciousness. The change can be observed and traced back to the period after the Great Hanshin earthquake in 1995, when a volunteering civic engagement started automatically and later spread up the realization and implementation of the Non-Profit Organizations (NPO) Act. Based on my observations regarding legal regulations and institutional changes , this dissertation constructs a society-centered theory to explore and to analyze the relationship between the Japanese government and NPOs during the new period. This dissertation also seeks to explain how civic social ideologies developed and promoted the NPO Act and the establishment of the new JICA. In order to be more precise on the topic, I examine the change and the development by dividing the progress into ¡§traditional period¡¨ and ¡§new period¡¨ with after the cold war in the 1990s. On reviewing the changes of patterns and features of the development, I study the new interactive modes between state and society. The emphasis of this study is to show how Japan accelerated the NPO and ODA legal regulation and institutional changes. Furthermore, the study discusses how, the unique and new type of intermediate organizations, that support NPOs, developed after the execution of the NPO Act, and how those agencies provided local governments with NPOs cooperative partnership. In addition, this dissertation uses the platform of NPO Center of Chiba Prefecture as a case study, to analyze how to effectively combine members to spread the idea of ¡§NPO Prefecture,¡¨ and how to reorganize the system of new JICA in order to adopt outward environment and inward NPO participation. In other words, by demonstrating this new mode of cooperative partnership, the study expects to provide scholars with a reference of relative subjects and hopes to support the development of civil society in the developing countries.

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Abstract This thesis mainly researches in the Internet development and impact of Mainland China. With the theory of corporatism, it also analyzes the development of internet and how the control measures of the Communist Party of China change the relation between state and society . This thesis has reviewed why the Communist Party of China developed the Internet and its restrictions and present situation of Internet. However, the Internet users have tried everything to obtain the unaccessible message. Recently, every leader of the Communist Party of China has declared for the development of Internet sequentially. At the same time, they still insist the restriction of Internet and even aggravated it with the technology of western network information corporations. In the past two years, the Mainland China has established the association of China Internet made up of Internet Services Providers as a medium to control increasing Internet users by staging self-control actions and settin report procedures. But the Communist Party of China still fails to get rid of the dilemma of controlling or developing the Internet.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2005 / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 268 p. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 258-268).

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Abstract Taiwan's social security has implemented at the institutional for a while. The development of social security shows the face of diversity in each era. There is diverse social security law can be described with impressive results, but we also have to reflect on another issue: What is Taiwan's social security law the common purpose? Every laws and regulations both have a different development process, in the whole social security should have their roles, if the social security policies and regulations have a lack in the principle of system, the government which in the administrative system may be faces obstacles. Particularly, after the democratization of political system in Taiwan, the development of social security measures cannot prevent the intrusion of politics, vote often become the means of achieving the people's welfare and security, and just in the implementation of policies on social security payments of uncertainty measures, it is unable to satisfy what people's need essentially. At this point, the state is difficult to achieve the protection of people's right and equalize opportunity and remove social conflicts, the state power is hard to protect the right of freedoms and vulnerable function, it caused the implementation of social justice by the state as the legitimate role become increasingly disordered. View of diverse of the development of Taiwan's social security law, the legal system reflects the purpose of social security to promote harmony development of society which has become an important starting point. Thus, this study is about the status of social security law, the legal aspects of evidence which in our Constitution, "Social Security" in the normative sense, that is what we want to create? The concept of this country endowed with a local social security of the explanation? Or should we look for the legal science for another closer theory of state and society relations outside positive law, in order to facilitate the establishment of law system. And another study is from the philosophy of law, analysis Lorenz von Stein's book of social theory, which is German scholar of public law, and the book of John Rawls theory of justice, which is American political scientist. And then look for the social constitution real meaning behind the words to construct a more complete system of social security law. Attempt to think through the social sciences, the social security law find a common language, and to answer how to construct a Taiwanese legal system of social security, people's social life will have a more harmonious development of justice in order.

¡@Ecological and environmental problems of the 21st century are a serious threat to human survival and economic development. From open policy, Mainland China has made remarkable achievements in economic development, but also pays a heavy consideration for the resources and environment, unbalanced regional development and environmental diplomacy issues with neighboring countries. This paper tries to use literature, induction, case analysis of three research methods to analysis. This paper tries to find wrong creation of "because of" on Mainland China environmental problem. This paper comes by experience of developed countries to examine transformation of politics, economy, society policy in Mainland China, and tries in the economic development and pollution of the environment to achieve a balance. ¡@¡@Ecological environment has the properties of public goods and externalities. Central government is main actor of ecological environmental governance is no doubt. But state and society relations began to change with the transformation of the social and institutional change. Originally, Government monopoly to supply public goods began to shift to multiple actors supply model. This paper presents enterprises, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), citizens of the three non-governmental actors and the relationship of the ecological environmental governance, and explores the interactive relationship between of central government and local government. On this basis, ecological environmental governance network theory as the core, proposed new ways to analysis the necessity and feasibility of ecological environmental governance network, and construct multiple actors of collaboration the new model of governance network. ¡@¡@The serious of environment problem in Mainland China faces severity influence economy growth, society security and people healthy. The environment depravation degree forces the environment non- government organization and citizen to joins. This paper used the case in the Huaihe River Valley. The environmental NGO, Huaihe River Guider, successes to connect with central government, citizen, and enterprise. Mainland China's central government still needs to strengthen rule of law construction and market mechanism establishment, particularly lawmaking guarantee the citizen participate, the solution mechanism of environment dispute, an arrange taking of dirty tax and fees etc., and then to expand this model to the pollution of various type in each city. Government absorbs the environmental governance experience, funds and technique of developed country by attending global governance, and then raises the environment quality of earth.

Based on the theory of local state corporatism, the state-centered approach, which emphasizes the importance of state autonomy, was applied to explore the evolvement of rural industry. From the viewpoint of the relationship between state and society, the author explained why the local government and farmers were able to promote the development of Township Village Enterprises (TVEs) and rural economy in 1970s¡¦. Basically, the evolvement of rural industry in China was derived from the thinking of state industrialization and modernization. It has changed three times since the establishment of People¡¦s Republic of China. During the periods of Mao and Deng, though each change was due to the different situations or strategies, the fundamental philosophy were the same. The central government ¡¦s policy, the reform of rural economy, and the effective decision and control of local government were the major factors for the development of TVEs and the change of property system in 1980s¡¦. In short, local state corporatism was a makeshift device for the local government to control and divide resources with administrative powers to pursue desired political, economic and societal goals. It formed a system in which the cadres of the Communist Party, the officials of government, businessmen and farmers were united to achieve these goals. Under the autarchy of Chinese Communist Party, this kind of political-oriented economy reform in rural areas changed dramatically the interrelationship between state agents and social organizations and rebuilt a new model for such interactions. These experiences would have a great deal of implications for the underdevelopment countries of the third world.

The research study used the state and society approach to discuss the varying roles of the Chinese government and other social sectors, including international non-governmental organizations in China's anti-poverty campaign. China has thus far achieved remarkable progress in its poverty alleviation initiatives since 1978. The Chinese government started the rural structural revolution from 1978 to 1985 and subsequently, undertook massive development-oriented programs that were poverty focused from 1986 to 1993. In 1994, the Chinese Government formulated the Seven-Year Priority Poverty Alleviation Program (1994-2000) and it also launched the Development-Oriented Poverty Reduction Program (2001-2010) in 2001. In order to achieve its goals to reduce poverty, the Chinese government undertook: partnership with all social sectors; the strategy of self-reliance and reducing poverty through development; and the road of all-round development considered as the robust driving forces in China's poverty alleviation campaign. The main thrust of China¡¦s anti-poverty policy is to strengthen the capacity of the targeted population to fight poverty and attain prosperity. In conclusion, while poverty reduction essentially depends on the efforts of the governments in China, the strong support and partnership of the non-governmental organizations and other social sectors are also a necessity that will spell out the difference in the success of the program.