The performance issues of state-owned enterprises have been concerned by common people. In order to improve state-owned enterprises¡¦ performance effectively, the government should understand their regular operation efficiency adequately and then establish an appropriate evaluation system. However, the roles and functions of state-owned enterprises have changed significantly since the environment changed and economics progressed in Taiwan. As a result, the views and means toward performance assessment are kind of imbalanced. Therefore, this study researched Taiwan state-owned enterprises¡¦ performance assessment system to assess and review the related problems about existing evaluation methods. The aspects include indicators of evaluation, functions of evaluation and executing the system practically. According to document analysis, this study reviewed literature about performance evaluation, and analyzed rules, methods, indicators and overall report of performance assessment from RDEC (Research, Development and Evaluation Commission, Executive Yuan) over the years to realize the meaning of existing performance assessment system and the challenges of implementing the system. Three comments toward this evaluation system are as follows. First, regulate the relationship between the government and each state-owned enterprise appropriately to avoid or reduce government organizations¡¦ improper interference with state-owned enterprises. Then, there will be more objective and more correct evaluation outcomes. Second, the existing grading mechanism may let importance of evaluation indicators be diluted by subordinate ones. The grading mechanism should be established based on operation features of state-owned enterprises and their budget plans. Third, the existing evaluation emphasizes annual short-term performance and lacks of consideration of long-term development and innovation ability. So, the study suggests that government may apply BSC (Balanced Score Card) to adjust the contents of evaluation standards and items. Key words: State-owned enterprises, Performance assessment system, Performance evaluation

Cette thèse, fondée sur une enquête ethnographique, est consacrée aux employés de la SNCF qui travaillent en gare, « au contact de la clientèle ». Figures familières des voyageurs, les agents de vente, d‟accueil et d'escale ferroviaire voient leur activité professionnelle évoluer autour d'injonctions relatives à la « qualité de service » rendu, à la « satisfaction client » et au respect d‟objectifs comptables. Des dimensions qui sous-tendent notamment le renouvellement constant d‟un ensemble de normes encadrant leur travail et leur comportement. Cette thèse vise ainsi à mettre en évidence le fait que, bien qu'étant « une réalité ancienne » [Finez, 2013], la régulation marchande qui s'opère à la SNCF est une réalité multiforme, avec pour corolaire des réformes managériales qui redessinent progressivement les contours de l'activité des agents en gare, exigeant d'eux un « travail commercial ». Ces évolutions conduisent à interroger parallèlement le regard qu'ils portent sur ce rôle « commercial » et, plus généralement, la manière dont ces agents perçoivent leur condition professionnelle dans une entreprise publique en mutation.Ce travail s‟inscrit dans le sillage d'un ensemble d'études menées au sein d'entreprises et administrations publiques qui ont mis en exergue les transformations intervenues suite à l'introduction et à la généralisation de dispositifs d'organisation et de gestion appliqués dans le secteur privé. L'objectif est ainsi d'analyser les recompositions professionnelles mais aussi sociales que les exigences commerciales et gestionnaires de la SNCF entraînent. / This thesis, based on an ethnographic survey, focus on SNCF employees working at therailway station, “in contact with customers”. Sales, reception and railways stopover agents,who are the familiar figures of the travelers, see their professional activity evolving accordingto injunctions towards the quality of service returned to the customers, customer satisfactionand respect of sales target. Consequently, the norms around their work tasks and behaviorsare constantly changing due to those types of injunctions. This thesis aims at highlightingthat, despite being “an ancient reality” [Finez, 2013], the trade policy of the state-ownedcompany SNCF is an ongoing reality. It leading to managerial reforms that reshape theactivity of those previously mentioned agents with an important “commercial” dimension. Asa consequence, it is also important to question agents about their option regarding their“commercial” role, and, more generally, about the way they perceive their professionalcondition in a public company undergoing changes. This work falls in with a group of studies conducted in state companies and administrations which underline the changes occurred after the insertion and spread of organizational and managerial measures applied in the private sector. The purpose of this work is therefore to study the professional and social reconfigurations caused by the SNCF commercial and managerial demands.

Even though empirical studies show that political institutions affect various economic policies, standard economic models do not evaluate the effects of government ideology on the performance of state firms. I argue that state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are more efficient under center-right governments, while state firms under center-left cabinets show weaker performance. A modified Stackelberg oligopoly competition model that analyzes the proposed connection is developed. I, then, test implications from the model empirically using the case of Lithuania.

This thesis explores, first, the evolvement and implementation of competition policy in China, where a competition culture was largely missing for decades; and second, the extent to which the government has resolved the inherent contradiction between preserving state control and promoting competition. The main aim is to evaluate how a competition law, which is essentially a product of capitalist free market economy, is being applied in China, a socialist country where predominant state-owned enterprises (SOEs) together with their owner – the Chinese government – generate the most distortions to market competition. To achieve this aim, the thesis studies, first, the ongoing economic transition and the historical development of Chinese competition policy; second, the prolonged drafting process of the Anti- Monopoly Law (AML); third, the substantive and institutional aspects of the enforcement of the AML, and the outstanding problems of the current competition system; and fourth, the role of the government in the interplay between competition policy and SOEs. The thesis also studies the European Union (EU) competition regime, which had substantial influence on the adoption of the AML and the design of China’s competition system. This discussion intends to use the experiences of the EU in modernising its competition system and in handling competition-related issues involving public enterprises to provide some meaningful answers to certain problems concerning the application of the AML and to possible reform of competition system in China.

The state-owned enterprise is a type of a legal entity which is used in the Czech Republic as an alternative to founding of state-owned joint-stock companies. While the state-owned enterprise serves as a one of the possible ways of managing the state property, it is used to fulfil not only economical tasks, but also other kinds of state interest, such as social or security ones. The legal regulation of the state-owned enterprise recently undergone significant changes in reaction to the recodification of the civil law and the law of commercial corporations. The goal of this thesis called "State-owned enterprise and its property" is to analyse the legal regulation concerning the state-owned enterprise and the management of the state property performed by this legal entity in the context of other influential acts, to pinpoint the shortcomings and problems of the current legal regulation, to evaluate the nature of the state-owned enterprise as a legal entity, to determine the nature of the legal phenomenon of the right to manage the property of state and to evaluate the usefulness of the state-owned enterprise as a separate type of legal entity. This thesis is divided into seven chapters. The first two chapters deal with the development of the state-owned enterprise as a type of legal entity including...

Magister Legum - LLM / Corporate governance reform is an important aspect of broader reforms aimed at securing an environment attractive to both domestic and foreign investors and that enhances the benefits of investment to society. Of particular relevance is the relation between corporate governance practices and the increasingly international character of investment. If a country decides to reap the full benefits of the global capital market, and if it decides to attract long-term patient capital, good corporate governance arrangements must be credible, well understood across borders and adhere to internationally accepted principles. Equally important is the underlying importance of institution building for developing countries. In most cases poverty goes hand in hand with the lack of proper institutions, a vicious circle of mismanagement, inefficiencies, expropriation and corruption. The lack of properly functioning State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) as institutions or corporations, impacts directly on growth by limiting the availability of debt and equity investment. It also impacts on the distribution of income within a society. With more transparency and accountability the directors and executives will have less of an opportunity to fatten their bank accounts at the expense of all the other stakeholders and the society as a whole. The review of corporate governance reforms done in this research includes statutory reforms, development of codes of conduct and best practice, and institutional reforms will give a better evaluation of South Africa‘s corporate governance reforms within its own SOEs structures that will be judged against internationally accepted standards to consider the best interests of South Africa and its citizens. The positive and negative consequences that can stem from strengthening corporate governance regulations and assist in determining the best possible model for South African SOEs will form part of the recommendations of this research.

Magister Economicae - MEcon / China has embarked on a wide range of economic reforms in the past thirty years. One of the major reforms was to restructure state-owned enterprises (SOEs) into public listed companies (PLCs) to improve the performance and quality of corporate governance of SOEs. However, the unique phenomenon of China’s equity market is that the state continues to hold a controlling stake in PLCs with less than 40% of shares tradable in the stock market. This seriously affects the performance and quality of corporate governance of China’s PLCs. This mini-thesis investigates the effects of split-share structure reform on SOEs in China, with particular focus on an analysis of the relationship between ownership structure and firm performance of listed companies. By using a sample of the top 50 companies based on the ranking of the 2004 Fortune top 100 PLCs, a negative correlation was found between the state ownership structure and firm performance of China PLCs before the announcement of split-share structure reform. However, by using the same samples and techniques, the analysis shows that the improvement in the diversified ownership structure had a positive impact on firm performance in China PLCs after the reform.

No abstract available / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Financial Management / unrestricted

All Swedish state-owned companies have been mandated by the state to establish sustainability targets within 2013. This thesis intends to shed light on the sustainability targets adopted by Vattenfall AB in the areas of carbon emissions, renewables and energy efficiency. In contact with the company, the thesis evaluates the targets in terms of practicability, adequacy and market competition. In other words, it assesses how Vattenfall intends to achieve the targets, whether they raise the “sustainability bar” high enough for the company and how they compare with targets set by competitor companies such as E.ON and Fortum. Furthermore, the thesis identifies room for improvement within Vattenfall’s sustainability work, and makes recommendations to the company, on how to seek improvement. Having the targets and their related plan of action as the focal point, a number of different areas within the domain of corporate sustainability are covered, such as sustainability approach, strategy, work, performance and reporting, while the Swedish state-ownership policy works as a key guideline. The thesis work is based primarily on literature review and analysis of material published by Vattenfall, E.ON and Fortum, the Swedish state ownership policy, corporate energy target setting, and climate and energy policies of the European Union. / Alla svenska statligt ägda företag har av staten ålagts att under 2013 definiera hållbarhetsmål, och att målen ska vara i bruk fr. o m 2014. Föreliggande studie analyserar de hållbarhetsmål som Vattenfall AB har specificerat inom koldioxidutsläpp, förnyelsebara energikällor och energieffektivisering. I samarbete med företaget, utvärderar studien de tre målen utifrån praktiskt genomförande, relevans och marknadskonkurrens. Med andra ord, studien bedömer Vattenfall´s intentioner hur man ska uppnå målen, huruvida de lyfter ”hållbarhetsambitionen” tillräckligt högt för företaget och hur målen är i jämförelse med de mål som satts av konkurrentföretagen E.ON och Fortum. Dessutom, studien identifierar förbättringsutrymmen för Vattenfall´s hållbarhetsarbete och ger rekommendationer för hur företaget kan hitta förbättringsområdena. Genom att ha målen och de kopplade åtgärdsförslagen i centrum, inkluderas ett antal andra områden inom hållbar utveckling, såsom hållbarhetsinriktning, strategi, arbetsinsatser, genomförande och redovisning, samtidigt som den svenska statens ägarpolicy ska fungera som vägledning. Studien är primärt baserad på en litteraturgenomgång och analys av information publicerat av Vattenfall, E.ON och Fortum, den svenska statens ägarpolicy, företagens presenterade energimål, samt klimat- och energipolicies presenterade av Europeiska Unionen.

While state-owned enterprises play an instrumental role in economic development, they are a significant fiscal risk to the state. This occurs through state-guaranteed loans that have more lax credit monitoring, and soft budget constraints, where stateowned enterprises can increase their debt levels without fear of liquidation or bankruptcy. This study empirically investigated the relationship between Eskom’s financial performance and its own debt and government debt, using the utility’s financial statements and government debt data from 1985 to 2017. The study used two models, namely, the Vector Autoregression (VAR) Model and the Error Correction Model (ECM) to analyse the data. In terms of the VAR, according to the impulse response functions, a one standard deviation shock to the debt-to-GDP ratio has a minimal impact on the electricity price, Eskom’s revenue and Eskom debt. Therefore, an innovation to the debt-toGDP ratio explains a large proportion of itself, as one standard deviation shock to the electricity price has a positive response from Eskom’s revenue and its debt. Similarly, a one standard deviation shock to Eskom’s revenue has a positive response from the electricity price and Eskom’s debt, and a one standard deviation shock to Eskom’s debt has a positive response from the electricity price and Eskom’s revenue. The forecast error variance decomposition analysis shows that up to 9,17% of the forecast error variance of the debt-to-GDP ratio is explained by the electricity price. Government debt relative to GDP explains 32,9% of the forecast error variance in the electricity price. The electricity price explains 29,51% of the forecast error variance in Eskom’s revenue. The forecast error variance for Eskom debt is explained by government debt/GDP which is up to 30,34%. The ECM shows that a long run relationship exists between Eskom’s debt relative to government debt, Eskom’s revenue relative to the electricity price and Eskom’s staff numbers. The study shows that Eskom’s increase in revenue is largely attributed to tariff hikes, stateguaranteed loans and equity injections, rather than increases in sales. A large proportion of government debt is comprised of Eskom debt. The proposed avenue as a way forward is partial privatisation or fiscal consolidation. / Economics