La modélisation de la fissuration du béton armé à l'aide de la méthode des éléments finis nécessite de prendre en compte, outre l'endommagement du béton, trois phénomènes : la spécificité de la liaison acier-béton, l’autocontrainte due au retrait, et l'effet d'échelle probabiliste dû à l'hétérogénéité du béton. Cette recherche s'appuie sur une campagne expérimentale pour obtenir le comportement de la liaison et les caractéristiques des fissures sur des éléments de structures. La technique de corrélation d'images numériques a été utilisée pour observer l'espacement et l'ouverture des fissures.La liaison acier-béton est considérée dans la modélisation à l'aide d'éléments d'interface élasto-plastiques basés sur les résultats expérimentaux des tests de pull-out. Les effets du retrait sont pris en compte via un cadre poro-mécanique. Enfin, l'effet d'échelle probabiliste est intégré dans la modélisation via une méthode de champs aléatoires, puis de maillon faible. La modélisation est appliquée à l'élément de structure en béton armé étudié en laboratoire ce qui permet de quantifier l'importance relative de la liaison acier-béton, des contraintes induites par le retrait empêché, et de l'hétérogénéité du matériau. / The modelling of cracking of reinforced concrete using the finite element method requires taking into account, in addition to the concrete damage, three phenomena: the specificity of the steel-concrete bond, the self-stress due to shrinkage, and the probabilistic scale effect due to the heterogeneity of concrete. This research is based on an experimental campaign to obtain the behaviour of the bond and the characteristics of the cracks on structural elements. The technique of digital image correlation was used to observe the spacing and opening of the cracks.The steel-concrete bond is considered in modelling using elastoplastic interface elements based on the experimental results of the pull-out tests. The effects of shrinkage are taken into account via a poro-mechanical framework. Finally, the probabilistic scale effect is integrated into the modelling via a random field method and then a weakest link one. Modelling is applied to the reinforced concrete structural element studied in the laboratory, which makes it possible to quantify the relative importance on cracking of the steel-concrete bond, the stresses induced by shrinkage, and the tensile strength heterogeneity of the material.

Ces travaux ont pour but d'étudier le comportement mécanique de structures précontraintes et d'évaluer l'influence de la technologie de précontrainte utilisée : précontrainte par torons adhérents, précontrainte par torons non-adhérents TGG. Le champ d'application final porte sur l'analyse de la sûreté et de la durabilité des enceintes de confinement de centrales nucléaires. L'attention est alors portée principalement sur le comportement à la fissuration du béton et au rôle de la liaison mécanique torons de précontrainte-structure.La démarche proposée se décompose en trois étapes successives. Elle débute par la caractérisation expérimentale des mécanismes de dégradation à l'échelle de la structure (essais de flexion 4 points sur poutres précontraintes) et à l'échelle locale du matériau (fissuration, déformations différées du béton, liaisons armatures passives-béton et torons-structure par des essais d'arrachement et de traction sur tirants). Une instrumentation multiple (CIN, fibres optiques) favorise la robustesse de la démarche. Des modèles numériques sont ensuite développés pour décrire les mécanismes caractérisés expérimentalement. Un intérêt particulier est porté à la modélisation mésoscopique de l'interface armatures-béton et macroscopique de l'interface torons-coulis d'injection. L'utilisation des différents modèles, couplée à la prise en compte de l'évolution temporelle des déformations différées du béton, favorise une analyse prédictive du comportement des structures étudiées.L'application à une tranche d'enceinte de confinement permet de prédire l'influence de la technologie de précontrainte utilisée sur le comportement à la fissuration de la structure. / This work aims to study the mechanical behavior of partially prestressed structures and to evaluate the influence of the post-tensioning system: bonded tendons, individual unbonded greased and sheathed strands. Under the scope of the safety and durability of nuclear containments, specific attention is devoted to the concrete cracking behavior and to the role of the mechanical tendons-structure bond. The proposed approach is divided into three successive parts. It starts with an experimental study of damage mechanisms at the structural level (4-point bending tests on prestressed concrete beams) and at the local scale (cracking, delayed strains of concrete, reinforcement-concrete bond, tendons-structure bond with pull-out tests and tension tests on reinforced concrete ties). The used instrumentation (DIC, optical fibers) allows for the robustness of the approach. Numerical models are then developed, based on the previous characterized mechanisms. A particular interest is focused on the meso-modeling of the reinforcement-concrete interface and on the macro-modeling of the tendons-injected grout bond. The use of the developed models, considering in parallel the influence of the evolutive delayed strains of concrete, provides a predictive analysis of the mechanical behavior of the studied prestressed structures. A final application to a part of a nuclear containment offers an accurate prediction of the influence of the post-tensioning system on the cracking behavior of the structure.

Le comportement des structures en béton armé (BA) et en béton précontraint (BP) exposées au feu est une thématique de recherche importante en génie civil. Actuellement, le comportement de l'interface béton-acier à haute température et la simulation thermomécanique non linéaire des structures en béton sont des verrous à lever. Ces deux questions font l'objet de cette thèse. Après avoir fait un état de l'art sur le comportement à froid de l'interface béton-acier, un modèle à haute température est proposé ainsi que son intégration numérique dans le code de calcul ANSYS. Puis, les performances de plusieurs modèles non linéaires du béton ont été analysées. Finalement, des méthodologies de modélisation du transfert thermique et du comportement mécanique des structures exposées au feu ont été proposées et validées à travers des simulations d'essais / Behaviour of reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete structures subjected to fire is an important research theme in civil engineering. Actually, steel-concrete interface behaviour at high temperature and nonlinear thermomechanical simulation of concrete structures are obstacles we need to solve. These obstacles are the subject of this thesis. After doing a summary of all studies concerning the steel-concrete interface, a behaviour model of the interface at high temperature has been developed and a numerical integration method of this model has also been proposed. Subsequently, non linear material models for simulating concrete have been analyzed. Finally, methodologies of modeling thermal transfer and mechanical behaviour of structures have been proposed and validated through simulations of experimental tests

Diploma thesis deals with a design of concrete arch structure. There was made a preliminary design of concrete structure of a buried arch bridge. Subsequently was the shape of arch structure optimized to oblige the requirements of real buried arch bridge structure. There is included static calculation of the ecoduct construction. It is developed detailed drawings

Aim of the diploma's thesis is to design selectedelements of sports hall. It is a single-storey object, where the main structural system consists of a frame of columns and prestressed girder. Design of elements is done according to limit states. To determine the effects of internal forces is used computational software Scia Engineer 2008.Outputs from computational software are compared with simplified manual calculation. There’s performed assessment and reinforcement of selected elements. For each element are drawn production drawings and reinforcement drawings. There are also prepared drawings of parts of construction and foundation drawing. Design and evaluation is conducted according to valid standards. The proposed design meets the requirements according to the ultimate and serviceability limit state.

The subject of this thesis is to design the main supporting structure of the parking house in the city of Olomouc. The object has 7 storeys and rectangural dimensions are 57,2m x 37,0m. The height of the structure is 19,2m. The hall is designed by cylindrical roof. Processed design option is a composite steel-concrete floor slab.

Le comportement de l’interface acier-béton a une grande importance lorsque la fissuration des structures en béton armé est étudiée. Une approche par éléments finis a été proposée par (Torre-Casanova, 2013) et (Mang, 2016) pour représenter l'interface acier-béton dans les simulations de structures à grandes dimensions Le modèle proposé permet de calculer le glissement tangentiel entre l'acier et le béton. L’objectif de cette étude est d’améliorer ce modèle initial pour le rendre plus efficace et plus représentatif. Le document est découpé en trois parties : 1) Le modèle initial de liaison est évalué. Puis amélioré tant en chargement monotone qu’alterné. Le nouveau modèle est validé par plusieurs applications numériques. 2) L'effet de confinement est implémenté dans le modèle de liaison acier-béton. L'effet sur le comportement structural du confinement actif est étudié en utilisant le nouveau modèle. A partir des simulations proposées, il est montré, par l’utilisation du nouveau modèle, que l’effet de confinement actif peut jouer un rôle sur les comportements monotone que cyclique. 3) L'effet goujon est étudié avec le nouveau modèle liaison acier-béton. Deux campagnes expérimentales différentes sont simulées avec différents modelés de renforts (1D barre et poutre) et d’interface (liaison acier-béton et liaison parfaite). Les résultats montrent que le nouveau modèle de liaison acier-béton permet de mieux reproduire les résultats expérimentaux par rapport au modèle de liaison parfaite aux échelles globale et locale. / In numerical applications of reinforced concrete structures, the steel-concrete interface behavior has a vital importance when the cracking properties are investigated. A finite element approach for the steel-concrete interface to be used in large-scale simulations was proposed by (Torre-Casanova, 2013) and (Mang, 2016). It enables to calculate the slip between the steel and concrete in the tangential direction of the interface element representation. The aim is here to improve the initial bond-slip model to be more efficient and more representative. The document is divided into three parts: 1) The existing bond-slip model is evaluated. The bond-slip model is then improved by considering transversal and irreversible bond behaviors under alternative loads. The new bond-slip model is validated with several numerical applications. 2) Confinement effect is implemented in the bond-slip model to capture the effect of external lateral pressure. According to the performed numerical applications, it is demonstrated how the active confinement can play a role, through the steel-concrete bond, during monotonic and cyclic loading cases. 3) Dowel action is finally investigated with the new bond-slip model. Two different experimental campaigns (Push-off tests and four-point bending tests) are reproduced with different reinforcement (1D truss and beam) and interface (new bonds-slip and perfect bond) models. The results show that the proposed simulation strategy including the bond slip model enables to reproduce experimental results by predicting global (force-displacement relation) and local behaviors (crack properties) of the reinforced concrete structures under shear loading better than the perfect bond assumption which is commonly used in the industrial applications.

The diploma thesis deals with alternative design of bridge on highway D1 near Považská Bystrica. Bridge is designed as composite steel-concrete bridge with 6 spans in length 35,7m + 42m + 42m + 42m + 42m + 35,7m. Overall length of superstructure of the bridge is 241m. Construction material used in design is steel S355, concrete C35/45 and reinforcing steel bars are grade B500B. Calculation of superstructure of two variants was performed in preliminary design. First variant is twin-girder structure system and box-girder structure system is second variant. Selected twin-girder bridge was developed in more complex structural design report. Direct erection in place with temporary piers was selected as assembly method of steel structure. Slab concreting will be done by mobile formwork. The design and calculation of the bridge structure was carried out according to valid European design codes. The diploma thesis includes engineering report, structural design report of variants, structural design report of final variant, bill of quantities of assembly parts and drawing documentation.

yes / This paper presents the results of a numerical investigation on strategies for enhancing the fire behaviour of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns by using inner steel profiles such as circular hollow sections (CHS), HEB profiles or embedded steel core profiles. A three-dimensional finite element model is developed for that purpose, which is capable for representing the various types of sections studied and the nonlinear behaviour of the materials at elevated temperatures. High strength steel is considered in the numerical model, as a possible way to lengthen the fire endurance. The numerical model is validated against experimental results available in the literature for various types of steel-concrete composite sections using inner steel profiles, obtaining satisfactory results. Based on the developed numerical model, parametric studies are conducted for investigating the influence of the cross-sectional geometry and the steel grade of the inner profiles on the fire performance of these composite columns, for eventually providing some practical recommendations.

This thesis deals with the subject of lateral bracing between the bottom flanges of I-girder composite bridges. The focus is on the impact of adding lateral bracing on existing bridges, as well as on new bridges. Experience and knowledge from bridge projects around the world are investigated and implemented in the evaluation of the research subject. Many existing bridges are in need of being strengthened or replaced, due to the increased traffic volume and heavier traffic loads. Different approaches can be used to prolong the lifetime of existing bridges. The approach is different depending on the cause, but for increasing the lifetime regarding fatigue some of the most suitable options are described in this thesis. A proposed concept is presented, in this thesis, along with some research questions to be answered. The use of lateral bracings in composite bridges varies between different parts of the world. In one country it can be a requirement/common praxis for long span composite bridges with two I-girders, in other countries there are no requirements of using them. Some parts of these regulations and requirements can be traced back to the tradition in both manufacturing and construction of this type of bridges. This thesis investigates how lateral bracing is used around the world to distribute eccentric loads between primary longitudinal structural members, provide resistance to lateral loads, and to permit an existing two-girder structural system to be retrofitted to behave similarly to an often more expensive closed steel box girder. Furthermore, several case studies have been conducted to investigate the impact on the structural behavior of composite bridges where a lateral bracing is implemented in the structure. The results from these case studies are presented in the thesis and show the advantages of the quasi-box section for which the lateral bracing is closing the composite cross section. By making the I-girder composite cross section acting more like a box-section, the distribution of eccentric loads between the girders is improved. The impact on longitudinal stresses from traffic loads and the additional effects on internal sectional parts are also evaluated and discussed. Furthermore, proposals of the connection design for lateral bracings in existing bridges are suggested. Finally, conclusions from the results are stated.