Syftet med denna studie är att tolka och förstå hur individen som väljer att rösta påsverigedemokraterna upplever att hen behandlas av sin omgivning till följd av sin politiskaröst. I den tidigare forskningen lyfter jag upp att sverigedemokraterna på politisk nivåbetraktats som något annorlunda. Vidare lyfter jag upp forskning som har gjorts kringavvikande och stigmatisering, hur detta sker och hur det påverkar individen i sitt vardagligaliv. Arbetet tolkas med hjälp av Goffmans tanke kring stigmatisering och Beckers tankarkring avvikande. I arbetet utgår jag från ett hermeneutiskt förhållningsätt, för att fånga inindividernas upplevelse av fenomenet. Studien grundar sig på fem intervjuer med individersom skulle rösta på sverigedemokraterna om det var val idag. I arbetets resultatdel lyfts upphur de som intervjuas upplever att de blir bemötta, och vidare hur det finns ett stigma kring attvara sverigedemokrat på många håll, och att det även lett till negativa handlingar motindividen. Studien visar även att det finns anledning att inte vara öppen med sin politiska rösti en del sammanhang, då risken att misskrediteras är för stor. Upplevelsen av hur man bemötssom sverigedemokrat tycks dock vara mångtydig och situationsberoende.

Doctor Theologiae - DTh / HIV and AIDS present challenges to the well-being of individuals and to public health proportions unpresedented in modern history, and stigma has been identified as the single most contributor to the spread of the HI-virus. While the challenges presented by the AIDS pandemic are scientific and medical, it also has a psychological, legal,  economic, social, ethical and religious impact on those infected and affected. The underlying question in this thesis is not whether the church should respond to this urgent societal challenge, but how it ought to respond. To explore this question, the thesis investigated how a New Testament text (as primary resource), particularly Luke's Gospel, could be a resource for shaping/sharpening the church's response to the pandemic. / South Africa

Magister Artium (Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science) - MA(SRES) / Athletes are at risk for HIV infection due to their celebrity status which enables them to associate with multiple concurrent sexual partnerships. Athletes with an HIV sero-positive status should be encouraged to disclose their HIV positive status to enable them access appropriate treatment, care and support. The purpose of the study was to explore the experiences of athletes living with HIV following disclosure of their sero-status. The study was conducted in Ndirande Township in the city of Blantyre, Malawi. Twelve purposively sampled athletes living with HIV, four males and eight females between the ages of 18 and 30 years, participated in this study. Data was collected using qualitative methods conducting semi-structured, face to face individual interviews and the data were analysed using thematic analysis. The consequence of disclosure model was used to explain the themes that emerged from the data. The results of the study indicated that all athletes disclosed their HIV seropositive status. The majority of the athletes disclosed their HIV positive status to spouses, family members, friends and health care providers in order to access support and treatment. However, athletes did not disclose to their clubs and sports institutions because there was no conducive environment. After disclosure of their status, most athletes had positive experiences that included increased psychosocial support and care from their social networks. Some athletes had negative experiences such as stigma and discrimination from teammates and distant relatives. While athletes living with HIV had support from families and community support groups, there was a lack of appropriate support systems in the sport institutions. In addition, athletes living with HIV had limited access to health care services. For athletes living with HIV to remain productive, there is need for further research and the establishment of appropriate support systems in different levels of the sport institutions.

Magister Artium - MA / The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) epidemic continue to endanger the lives of many people in the world, particularly in developing countries like South Africa (UNAIDS, 2010). South Africa has the largest percentage of people living with HIV & AIDS in the world, with AIDS continuing to be the leading cause of death(UNAIDS, 2010). Yet, as Svenson et al., (1997), Cain, (2005), Shisana et al., (2009) and Kalichman et al., (2005) argue, in spite of the HIV epidemic, risky sexual behaviour has increased among young people. Problematically, youth in university environments are reported to be uninterested in hearing about HIV, claiming to be tired and bored with the subject (HEAIDS, 2010). They think they have sufficient knowledge on HIV transmission and prevention. Regardless of this claim, a high rate of new infections of HIV among youth continues (The South African Department of Basic Education Report, 2010). The main purpose of this study was to assess UWC students’ knowledge about HIV and their attitudes towards it, while investigating the impact of the MTV-produced Shuga film on the students’ self-perception of risk and their attitudes toward HIV. The study assesses the value of a follow-up conversation on the film after it is viewed by students.In order to identify respondents’ perceptions, the study used a qualitative approach using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions as main instruments and a quantitative approach using questionnaires as a main instrument. The study used a gender-balanced convenience sample of 40 undergraduate and post-graduate students selected from University of Western Cape campus. These respondents were later divided into four focus group discussions guided by semi-structured interviews. The study findings established that although students’ knowledge levels were very high for modes of transmission and prevention of HIV, they still had a poor perception of their own risk – a factor noted as a key need in HIV prevention by Douglas Kirby (2011).This study found that, prior to watching the MTV Shuga film, the level of students’ awareness of HIV issues as related to their own risk and health was at best inconsistent. While some held accurate knowledge of HIV and understood their own vulnerability, others saw it as someone else’s problem and had yet to personalise the disease in a manner that would increase their own awareness of risk. After viewing the MTV Shuga film, study data indicated a reasonable level of positive change in attitudes and risk perception among the 40 students. However, the data clearly indicated that the follow-up discussion sessions provoked more change in the students’ attitudes and perceptions of risk than the film on its own. The study therefore suggests the importance of discussion sessions that follow up on edutainment media pieces attempting to promote positive behavioural change vis-à-vis HIV. While the study did not focus in depth on why the follow-up discussion sessions had a higher impact than film-viewing alone, the discussion sessions allowed students to personalise the content of the Shuga film, sharing with each other how they identified with various characters, situations and behaviours. Shuga became ‘real’ through the personal discussions between students, and the film’s intent to prompt positive change was further supported.

Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen för hur det brottsförebyggande arbetet bedrivs i ett segregerat bostadsområde, hur de boende i området upplever resultatet och möjliga konsekvenser av det befintliga brottsförebyggande arbetet. Vi har använt oss av kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med nio informanter i form, av en polis och åtta boende. Den metodologiska ansats vi använt oss av är hermeneutiken. Empirin har tolkats genom användning av teorier och begrepp om socialt kapital (Robert Putman), situationell och social brottsprevention samt stigma (Erving Goffman). Resultatet visar att informanterna upplever att segregationen i området bidrar till att det skapas problem med kriminalitet. Kriminaliteten behöver lösas genom ett välfungerande brottsförebyggande arbete vilket kunnat påverka diskursen om Andersberg i positiv bemärkelse. Idag brister det i arbetet genom att det saknas resurser och det finns en problematik i vem som ska åtgärda problemen. Det bidrar till att konsekvenser uppstår för lokalbefolkningen i form av att kriminalitet i området, brist på kunskap bland de boende, låg sysselsättning och en misstro mot polisen i området.

I och med coronapandemin spreds oro och sjukdom världen över. Samtidigt ökade diskriminering och stigmatisering mot individer av asiatiskt ursprung. Denna studie har haft i syfte att få mer förståelse för den diskriminering och stigmatisering personer med asiatisk och östasiatisk bakgrund har utstått under coronapandemin. Med tanke på att det saknas forskning på covid-19-relaterat stigma och diskriminering i en svensk kontext var drivkraften i denna studie att undersöka fenomenet i Sverige. Det empiriska underlaget för studien är tio kvalitativa intervjuer med informanter av asiatisk respektive östasiatisk bakgrund. För att analysera det insamlade materialet har Goffmans stigmateori samt Halls stereotypiseringteori varit studiens teoretiska ramverk. Det är viktigt att notera att studiens urval inte är representativt för alla asiater boendes i Sverige, dock relaterades slutsatserna till tidigare forskning och gav insikt i hur fenomenet kan te sig i Sverige. Sju av tio informanter upplever sig stigmatiserade under coronapandemin. Stigmatiseringen tar sig i uttryck i allt från blickar till avståndstagande av informanterna. Studien har identifierat diverse orsaker till covid-19-relaterad stigmatisering och diskriminering i Sverige som det upplevs av informanterna. Det handlar dels om rädsla, oro och okunskap om viruset, dels om reducering av personer med asiatisk bakgrund till virusbärare. Stereotypisering av Kina och personer av asiatiskt ursprung upplevs dessutom öka stigmatiseringen. Denna stereotypisering och stigmatisering visar sig ha vissa konsekvenser på några informanters sociala liv och psykiska hälsa. Ytterligare ett inslag i resultaten är att stigmatiseringen ger upphov till identitetsfrågor för några informanter, vilket är en viktig komplettering till studiens frågeställningar. Dessutom anses medier och uttalanden av USA:s president ha bidragit till stigmatisering och diskriminering av personer med asiatisk bakgrund under pandemin.

No description available.

Föreliggande uppsats kan lokaliseras inom det vetenskapliga område som behandlar stigmatisering av pedofiler och barnsexförbrytare. Med utgångspunkt i en samtida förväxling mellan koncepten pedofil och barnsexförbrytare som tilldelar pedofiler barnsexförbrytarstatus, är studien avgränsad till barnpornografibrottet som en negativ statuskälla för pedofiler. Barnpornografibrottet särbehandlas i svensk lag, i synnerhet sedan brottet flyttades ut ur tryckfrihetsförordningen och yttrandefrihetsgrundlagen 1999. Syftet med uppsatsen är att fördjupa förståelsen för brottets betydelse, särbehandling och vad det innebär för pedofili. Med hänsyn till sådan bakgrund utgår uppsatsen från följande frågeställningar; Vilka underliggande motiv kan utläsas i lagmässig särbehandling av barnpornografibrottet i Sverige, Varför särbehandlas barnpornografibrottet och Vilken betydelse får den lagmässiga särbehandlingen för pedofili? Med hjälp av tematisk analys undersöks två lagförarbeten. Studiens resultat tyder på att barnpornografibrottet till stor del är ett symboliskt brott, att lagmässig särbehandling av brottet upprätthåller en social hierarki mellan barn och vuxna samt att särbehandling av brottet förstärker en annan social hierarki där social status är sammankopplat med hävdat socialt avstånd till barnpornografibrottet. Den senare nämnda hierarkin refereras till som den sociala avståndshierarkin. Konceptet pedofili tolkas kränka den förstnämnda hierarkin, ett koncept som människor kan särskilja sig mot och således stratifiera sig själva, vilket i sin tur producerar stigma och den sociala avståndshierarkin. / The present thesis can be located within the area of scientific research that deals with stigmatization of paedophiles and child sex offenders. Emanating from a contemporary confusion regarding the concepts paedophilia and child sexual offense, in which paedophiles are assigned the social status of child sexual offender, the present study is delimited to the child pornography offense as a negative source of status regarding paedophiles. The child pornography offense receives special treatment in Swedish law, particularly since the offense was moved out from The Freedom of the Press Act and The Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression in 1999. The purpose of the study is to deepen the understanding of the meaning of the offense, the special legal treatment and what it entails for paedophilia. With regard to such background, the present study issues the following research questions; What underlaying motives can be identified within legal special treatment of the child pornography offense in Sweden, Why does the child pornography offense receive special treatment and What does the special legal treatment entail for paedophilia? Two legislative documents are investigated using Thematic Analysis. The results of the study indicate that the child pornography offense is to a large part a symbolic crime, that special legal treatment of the crime maintains a social hierarchy between children and adults and that such legal treatment reinforces another social hierarchy where social status is interconnected to asserted social distance to child sexual offenses. The latter hierarchy is referred to as the social distance hierarchy. Paedophilia is interpreted as a concept that violates the social hierarchy between children and adults, a concept which people can distinct themselves from and thus stratify themselves which in turn produces stigma and the social distance hierarchy.

Magister Public Health - MPH / Despite the known benefits of adolescents knowing their HIV status, parents and caregivers (PCG) often delay the disclosure of their children’s HIV status to them due to the fear of stigma and discrimination, the belief that the child thinks they will die, and the lack of disclosure skills. This delay can affect the children’s adherence to treatment, physical health, mental health and can enable unknowing transmission. The Mini Flipster Disclosure Method (MFDM) was developed to assist healthcare workers (HCWs) in supporting the disclosure of an adolescent’s HIV status by their parent or caregiver. This involves a process of educating the child or adolescent about HIV and how it can be successfully managed before informing them that they have HIV. The current study described the experiences of HIV-positive adolescents of the MFDM and those of their caregivers and HCWs in Mpumalanga.

Magister Artium (Psychology) - MA(Psych) / Previous research indicates that mental health conditions contribute to the global burden of disease. Despite these findings, issues surrounding mental health are still plagued with ignorance and stigma. In recent years’ mental health has taken priority and is increasingly being recognized as an important public health and development issue. Research has found that belief systems play a crucial role in the conceptualisation of mental health and health-seeking behaviour. The exploration of these belief systems gives valuable insight on issues related to health-seeking and treatment adherence behaviours. This study looks specifically at traditional African beliefs and perceptions of mental health. The motivation of this study is to explore how these beliefs and perceptions impact on health-seeking and treatment adherence behaviours. The study poses the following research question: What current literature exists on traditional African beliefs and perceptions about mental health? To achieve this, the study employs a systematic review methodology to assess the methodological rigour of literature on traditional African belief systems. A systematic search in eleven databases was conducted to find relevant literature published between the years 2008 and 2019 with only qualitative research studies.