La planification stratégique correspond à une méthode de planification urbaine moins centralisée que celle de la phase fordiste, adoptée par de nombreuses métropoles afin de s’adapter à la nouvelle donne de la mondialisation, notamment grâce à la circulation de consultants, de rapports et de modèles urbains (comme celui de Barcelone). A Lille, son influence se retrouve dans l’opération emblématique Euralille, dans les stratégies événementielles autour de la culture et dans les principaux documents urbains. A Recife, la planification stratégique a moins bénéficié de mises en œuvre concrètes, faute de financements, mais elle a commandé des opérations d’ampleur, liées notamment à la culture et au tourisme en centre-ville. Dans les deux villes, priorité a été donnée aux développements de pôles économiques, tertiaires et industriels. Les dirigeants locaux ont adapté les recommandations stratégiques, en développant des formes de gouvernance spécifiques et participatives : on décèle dans les deux villes la mise en place d’une double échelle de planification, stratégique, d’un côté, participative, de l’autre, Recife exprimant cette séparation de façon très aboutie. Les effets de la planification stratégique ne sont pas homogènes. Ils ne se réduisent pas à une organisation de la ville par le marché, puisque des municipalités de gauche en ont tiré profit pour enrayer leur déclin urbain sans s’aliéner leur population. Pour autant, les effets sur la ségrégation socio-spatiale semblent plus nuancés, les métropoles lilloise et recifense présentant des tendances au renforcement de la fragmentation socio-spatiale. / Strategic urban planning is a method, less centralized than in the Fordist phase, chosen by many cities to adapt themselves to the new situation of globalization. It has spread around the world particularly through the circulation of consultants, reports and urban models (like Barcelona). In Lille, its influence is reflected in the Euralille iconic operation, through great cultural events and in major urban documents. In Recife, although strategic planning lacked of concrete implementations because of resources shortage it allowed large-scale operations, particularly related to culture and tourism to be ordered in the city center. In both cities, priority was given to the development of tertiary or industrial clusters. Local leaders adapted the “strategic“ recommendations. In particular, they developed specific and participatory forms of governance. In both cities, the introduction of a double-scale planning can be highlighted, strategic on one hand, participatory on the other. Recife has gone futher in this direction. The effects of strategic urban planning are not homogeneous. They cannot be reduced to a market-oriented city planning as left-wing municipalities have taken advantage of it to stop their urban decline without alienating the population. However, the effects on the socio-spatial segregation appear to be more nuanced, as we can observe stregthening trends of the socio-spatial fragmentation in both cities.

Accessibility is a well-established concept that appears frequently in urban planning. It refers to the ability of citizens to actively participate in society. Nevertheless, inaccessibility is experienced in many places, which can lead to exclusion of citizens. Against this background, this master's thesis aims to center on the concept of accessibility and examine it from two perspectives - strategic urban planners and individuals. The thesis examines how accessibility is interpreted by strategic urban planners in the two suburban municipalities of Botkyrka and Huddinge and how it is experienced by a group of “low-skilled” workers in an area where there are identified shortcomings in traffic planning. The thesis studies how this group experiences their accessibility in their daily commute before and after they test a Demand-Responsive Transport (DRT) service. The theoretical framework consists of the concepts of accessibility strategies, transport and accessibility, objective accessibility, perceived accessibility, accessibility barriers and social exclusion, which are used to analyze the two different perspectives. The results show that strategic planners view accessibility as the relationship between citizens and destination points, and that inaccessible places are mainly associated with rural or sparsely populated areas. At the same time, the thesis shows that the workers experience inaccessibility in their daily trips, despite living in surrounding municipalities. The results also show the identified potentials and risks of DRT in suburban environments from the perspective of both strategic planners and individuals. The results show that DRT reduced travel times for the workers. Furthermore, perspectives such as reliability, safety and equity are highlighted as important aspects in the design of DRT services.

A cidade contemporânea, resultado de uma série de eventos e transformações urbanas, sociais e espaciais, tem sido redesenhada a partir de instrumentos que permeiam o urbanismo contemporâneo. Sendo assim, importantes metrópoles têm passado por processos de intervenção urbana ao longo dos últimos anos, caracterizando essa busca por mudanças no território metropolitano. Esses processos, apresentados em forma de planos, políticas e projetos urbanísticos, abordam como aspectos principais o uso eficiente do solo e a vitalidade urbana que, atrelados a outros conceitos da urbanística contemporânea, tornam-se pontos estruturantes para a reformulação equilibrada e igualitária do espaço. A cidade de São Paulo enfrentou diferentes planos e propostas de requalificação ao longo das últimas décadas que buscaram aproximá-la de conceitos do urbanismo contemporâneo, para assim melhorar a qualidade de vida de seus habitantes. O Arco do Futuro, objeto de estudo da presente pesquisa, é a mais recente proposta urbana para a cidade de São Paulo, cujo objetivo recai na reorientação do desenvolvimento espacial, econômico e social da metrópole. A presente pesquisa busca identificar as matrizes metodológicas, teóricas e projetuais dos diferentes projetos apresentados para as etapas do eixo central do projeto Arco do Futuro, o projeto Arco Tietê, e compreender quais teorias do urbanismo contemporâneo encontram-se associadas a esses projetos. / The contemporary city, which is a result from a long series of urban, social and spatial transformations, is currently being redesigned by a series of actions driven by modern urbanism. In this sense, important metropolises are being subjected to severe urban interventions throughout the last years, which illustrate that search for implementing changes in the metropolitan scenario. This changes, often presented as new urbanistic plans, policies and projects, aim to provide an efficient use of the land and to increase urban vitality that become, along with other concepts of contemporary urbanism, structuring aspects for the equalitarian rearrangement of the urban space. Several urban requalification plans and projects have been proposed to the city of São Paulo over the last decades, in order to improve its inhabitants\' quality of life. This work focus on studying the Arco do Futuro project, the most recent urban requalification project for the city of São Paulo, proposing a complete social, economic and especial reformulation of the city. This research has the objective of identifying the theoretical, methodological and conceptual matrices of the main component of the Arco do Futuro project: the Arco Tiete. This work also target in understanding all the theoretical concepts of modern urbanism that inspired the final form of the proposed plan.

Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2018-05-14T18:49:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Renata Sioufi Fagundes dos Santos.pdf: 2467659 bytes, checksum: 92de57204e1a3f3edb237103160ed5f7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-14T18:49:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renata Sioufi Fagundes dos Santos.pdf: 2467659 bytes, checksum: 92de57204e1a3f3edb237103160ed5f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-08 / O cumprimento das funções sociais da propriedade e da cidade no município de Santos/SP, foi avaliado a partir do início do processo de urbanização e da construção da cidade moderna, no final do século XIX até os dias de hoje, baseado na análise das principais políticas públicas, implementadas por meio das normas, dos planos e programas urbanísticos, que por sua vez, foram inseridas numa periodização do urbanismo, baseada em Villaça (1999), sendo definidos 4 períodos: Urbanismo Sanitarista, de 1894 a 1922, Urbanismo Funcionalista, de 1922 a 1989, Urbanismo Participativo, de 1989 a 1998 e Planejamento Urbano Estratégico, a partir de 1998. Para uma compreensão mais plena, avaliou-se a origem e transformação da propriedade, bem como das funções sociais da propriedade e da cidade, no Ocidente e no Brasil, sempre permeados pela questão ideológica, que por sua vez é legitimada pela norma. Também foram analisados os Planos Sanitário e Urbanístico de Saturnino de Brito, planos emblemáticos pela influência da corrente positivista e modernista e pela polêmica causada no enfrentamento da questão da propriedade privada (interesse privado) sobrepondo-se ao planejamento urbano (interesse público). Traçou-se um panorama geral dos períodos posteriores até o momento atual, quando as funções sociais da propriedade e da cidade se tornaram cernes da política urbana promulgada pelo Estatuto da Cidade. Analisou-se o cumprimento das funções sociais, dentro da sua concepção atual de justiça social, em todos os períodos e concluiu-se que a desigualdade social, existente desde o início da ocupação de Santos, está relacionada as políticas públicas, dentre elas a política urbana, que mesmo tendo em alguns momentos cumprido as suas funções sociais, ainda é influenciada pelos interesses ideológicos, que se sobrepõe ao interesse público e oculta a preterição do Estado. / The fulfillment of the social functions of the property and of the city in the city of Santos / SP, was evaluated from the beginning of the process of urbanization and the construction of the modern city, in the late nineteenth century to the present day, based on the analysis of the main public policies, implemented through the norms, urban plans and programs, which were inserted in a periodization of urbanism, based on Villaça (1999), being defined 4 periods: Sanitary Urbanism, from 1894 to 1922, Functional Urbanism, from 1922 to 1989, Participative Urbanism, from 1989 to 1998 and Strategic Urban Planning, from 1998. For a fuller understanding, the origin and transformation of the property, as well as the social functions of the property were evaluated and of the city, in the West and in Brazil, always permeated by the ideological question, which in turn is legitimized by the norm. Also analyzed were the Sanitary and Urbanistic Plans of Saturnino de Brito, emblematic plans for the influence of the positivist and modernist current and the controversy caused in the confrontation of the private property issue, overlapping urban planning (public interest). An overview was drawn of the later periods until the present moment, when the social functions of property and of the city became the keys of the urban policy promulgated by the Statute of the City. It was analyzed the fulfillment of the social functions, within its present conception of social justice, in all the periods and it was concluded that the social inequality, existing from the beginning of the occupation of Santos, is related to the public policies, among them the politics even though it has fulfilled its social functions in some moments, is still influenced by ideological interests, which overlaps with the public interest and conceals the preterity of the State.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:56:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LuanaHC.pdf: 3449916 bytes, checksum: 5784cb20e0c24e49006f4a28d83af631 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-01 / Both the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century have been characterized as a period of major political, economic, social and cultural transformations. Two of the major consequences of the political-economical crisis of the end of last century are the restructuring of capitalist production, and the consolidation of neoliberalism as a worldwide phenomenon. This new world political-economical scenario has influenced, in a dialectic way, the contemporary urban development. In that sense, "new" spatial processes and new paradigms in both urban management and urban planning have gained shape. In this context of urban transformations, the central areas of western cities, also known as historic centers, are being increasingly (re)valued. Since the Second World War, the historic centers urban areas which have great infrastructure and symbolic relevance had been undergoing a process of evasion of population and activities, undeniably linked to the neglect of government authorities. However, in recent decades, the question of historic centers rehabilitation has acquired a growing interest, academically and in political agendas. The object of this dissertation is to focus on how the government of each Brazil and Portugal has dealt with the issue of historic center rehabilitation through programs of urban rehabilitation / O final do s?culo XX e o in?cio do s?culo XXI tem se caracterizado como um per?odo de grandes transforma??es pol?ticas, econ?micas, sociais e culturais. A crise pol?tico-econ?mica do final do s?culo XX resultou, entre outros, na reestrutura??o da produ??o capitalista e na consolida??o do neoliberalismo como fen?meno global. Esse novo cen?rio pol?tico-econ?mico mundial tem influenciando, de forma dial?tica, o desenvolvimento urbano contempor?neo. Nesse sentido, novos processos espaciais e novos paradigmas na gest?o e no planejamento urbanos v?m ganhando forma. Diante desse contexto de transforma??es urbanas, as ?reas centrais das cidades ocidentais, tamb?m conhecidas como centros hist?ricos, v?m sendo cada vez mais (re)valorizadas. Desde a Segunda Guerra Mundial, os centros hist?ricos, ?reas urbanas dotadas de infra-estrutura e simbolismo, v?m sofrendo um processo de evas?o populacional e de atividades, associado ao descaso do poder p?blico. Entretanto, nas ?ltimas d?cadas, a quest?o da reabilita??o de centros hist?ricos tem adquirido uma visibilidade cada vez maior, seja no meio acad?mico ou ainda nas agendas pol?ticas. Essas ?reas urbanas consolidadas, que h? muito tempo vinham sendo negligenciadas pelos gestores municipais, agora s?o vistas com novos olhos. E ? a forma como o poder p?blico tem lidado com a quest?o da reabilita??o de centros hist?ricos no Brasil e em Portugal, atrav?s dos seus programas de reabilita??o de urbana, o objeto de estudo dessa disserta??o