Syfte: Huvudsyftet med denna undersökning var att kartlägga den psykosociala arbetsmiljön samt identifiera stressfaktorer bland undersköteskor och vårdbiträden i olika kommunala hemtjänstverksamheter. Metoder: Till denna undersökning användes en metodkombination utav kvantitativa samt kvalitativa undersökningar. En enkätsundersökning skickades till 149 medarbetare i berörd kommun och 91 medarbetare besvarade frågorna. Därefter analyserades svaren med hjälp av programmet SPSS. Slutligen genomfördes nio intervjuer med ändamålet att förstå samt försöka identifiera orsaken till stressfaktorer som visade sig i enkätsundersökningen. Resultat: En hög svarsfrekvens av stressrelaterad ohälsa bland hemtjänstpersonal påvisas utifrån mina undersökningar. Analysen har visat att den psykosociala arbetsmiljön på de olika hemtjänstverksamheterna består av höga krav och låga kontrollmöjligheter. Dock var det sociala stödet högt eftersom flertalet upplevde en god sammanhållning inom arbetsgrupperna. Resultatet i den kvantitativa undersökningen visade att det fanns stressfaktorer i dessa verksamheter. Det som var intressant och stack ut var att det allmänna hälsotillståndet upplevdes som mycket bra/ ganska bra av 70.8% av deltagarna, dessutom bedömde 80.3% arbetsförmågan kring psykiska krav som mycket god/ ganska god. 82.4% bedömde arbetsförmågan när det gäller fysiska krav som mycket god/ ganska god. Trots dessa positiva procentenheter svarade flertalet att arbetet krävde att man arbetar fort samt hårt. Dessutom svarade 83.5% att man ibland, ganska ofta, nästan jämt kände sig uppvarvad, 67,1% svarade att man ibland, ganska ofta, nästan jämnt känner sig pressade på gränsen av vad man klarar av. Ytterligare var det 71.8% som upplevde stress ibland, ganska ofta, nästan jämnt. Det vill säga att resultatet påvisade stressfaktorer dock inga bakomliggande orsaker. För att definiera bakomliggande orsaker genomfördes nio intervjuer i studie 2 med ändamålet att förstå medarbetarnas arbetssituation. Resultatet av studie 2 påvisade att orsakerna till att stress uppstod var förändrade arbetsuppgifter där administrativa uppgifter hade ökat radikalt, därtill poängterades det av alla intervjupersoner att man fått flera kundbesök med kort restid emellan vilket ledde till frustration, oro, stress samt dåligt samvete. På så sätt påverkades medarbetarnas meningsfullhet med arbetet. Därtill påvisade undersökningen att medarbetarnas arbetsplatser var så kallade ”spända arbeten” eftersom kraven var höga och beslutsutrymmen väldigt små.

Thesis (M. Soc. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 104-114).

Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 104-114) Also available in print.

Cette thèse est consacrée à analyser et expliquer les effets que peuvent avoir, d’une part, la justice organisationnelle, la reconnaissance et la confiance au travail sur la relation entre les perceptions discriminatoires et le stress au travail. Et d’autre part, l’effet que peut avoir la valorisation organisationnelle sur la même relation. L’analyse de ces effets a été effectuée sur un échantillon de 208 répondants tunisiens et français.Cette recherche a mis en évidence un ensemble de résultats à la fois sur le plan théorique, méthodologique et managérial. Ces résultats ont permis de vérifier qu’il existe un triple effet interactif entre justice organisationnelle, reconnaissance et confiance au travail. Cet ensemble, qui constitue le concept de valorisation organisationnelle, joue un rôle médiateur essentiel dans la relation entre les perceptions discriminatoires et le stress au travail.Mots-clés : justice organisationnelle, perceptions discriminatoires, reconnaissance, confiance au travail, valorisation organisationnelle, stress au travail. / This thesis is devoted to analyse and to explain the effects that can have, on one hand, organizational justice, recognition and trust in the work on the relationship between discriminatory perceptions and work stress. On the other hand, the effects that organisational valuation can have on the same relationship. These effects were analysed using a sample of 208 respondents Tunisians and French.This research highlighted a set of results at the same time on theoretical, methodological and managerial points of view. These results allowed to verify that there is a triple interactive effect between organisational justice, recognition and trust in the work, which constitute the organizational valuation. The latter plays an essential mediating role in the relationship between discriminatory perceptions and work stress.Key words : organizational justice, discriminatory perceptions, recognition, trust in the work, organizational valuation, work stress.

The subject of this research was born in our inquietude related with the role that quality of life at work (QLW) practices developed by socially responsible companies would have on stress at work, since we consider that such practices of QLW are spreading, as well as the level of stress at work, and that they can be suitable channels for stress management at work initiatives. The central purpose of the research was to describe the relationship between quality of life at work practices and the stress of workers in a industry at Cearà state and the specific ones were to map the quality of life at work practices on the company investigated, to investigate the existence of actions related with stress management at work on the company investigated, to identify the quality of life at work practices adopted by the company investigated that have relation with stress at work, to diagnosis the factors that contribute more for the rising or reduction of stress at work in the company investigated and to verify the occurrence of stress at work among the employees of the company investigated. The methodological option of the research was both of quantitative and qualitative nature, exploratory and descriptive type and through the case study of a company of civil construction industrial sector. Our field of study included: corporate social responsibility (with emphasis in its internal aspect), quality of life at work and stress management at work. The company investigated won the editions of 2004 and 2005 of SESI (SERVIÃO SOCIAL DA INDÃSTRIA) Quality at Work Prize at less than 100 workers category and presented an expressive amount of actions of QLW. We interview 16 company employees. Our research on the occurrence of stress among the company employees disclosed that 37.5% presented a slightly level of stress with manifestation of few symptoms, what meant a picture of a manageable situation in a sector whose trend is of high level of stress among employees. In our initial mapping we identified 55 practices directly or indirectly connected with QLW that reached 100% of the employees. The company practices of QLW related with stress at work with 69% or more answers were the following: opportunities for professional education; health care; relationship among employees; socio and cultural activities; illnesses and accidents prevention; social benefits offered; relationship with leaders and sport and leisure activities. The most pointed stress factors in order of importance were: too much pressure for goals and closing date; overload of responsibilities and bad relationship with leaders. We considered that most of the stressing factors identified can be adequately managed in close relation with the promotion of quality of life at work actions and we concluded that exist a relation between these two topics even if the company does not maintain an organized stress management program. / A temÃtica desta pesquisa nasceu de nossa inquietaÃÃo a respeito do papel que as prÃticas de qualidade de vida no trabalho (QVT) desenvolvidas em empresas socialmente responsÃveis teriam sobre o estresse no trabalho, pois consideramos que tais prÃticas estÃo se disseminando, assim como o estresse no trabalho, e que as mesmas podem ser fatores facilitadores da administraÃÃo desse tipo especÃfico de estresse. O objetivo central da pesquisa foi descrever a relaÃÃo entre as prÃticas de qualidade de vida no trabalho e o estresse dos trabalhadores em uma indÃstria cearense e os especÃficos, mapear as prÃticas de qualidade de vida no trabalho da empresa pesquisada, investigar a existÃncia de aÃÃes relacionadas à administraÃÃo do estresse no trabalho da empresa pesquisada, identificar as prÃticas de qualidade de vida no trabalho adotadas pela empresa pesquisada que tenham relaÃÃo com o estresse no trabalho, diagnosticar os fatores que mais contribuem para a elevaÃÃo ou a reduÃÃo do estresse no trabalho na empresa pesquisada e verificar a ocorrÃncia de estresse no trabalho entre os colaboradores da empresa pesquisada. A opÃÃo metodolÃgica da pesquisa foi de natureza quantitativa e qualitativa ao mesmo tempo, de carÃter exploratÃrio e descritivo e atravÃs do estudo de caso em uma empresa do ramo da construÃÃo civil. Nosso campo de estudo incluiu: responsabilidade social empresarial (com Ãnfase em seu aspecto interno), qualidade de vida no trabalho e administraÃÃo do estresse no trabalho. A empresa pesquisada foi ganhadora das ediÃÃes 2004 e 2005 do PrÃmio Sesi de Qualidade no Trabalho, categoria empresa com menos de 100 trabalhadores e apresentou uma quantidade expressiva de aÃÃes. Entrevistamos 16 colaboradores da empresa. Nossa pesquisa sobre a ocorrÃncia de estresse entre os colaboradores da empresa pesquisada revelou que 37,5% apresentam um quadro de estresse leve e com manifestaÃÃo de poucos sintomas, o que revela uma situaÃÃo administrÃvel, em um setor cuja tendÃncia à de elevado estresse entre os colaboradores. Em nosso mapeamento inicial identificamos 55 prÃticas ligadas direta ou indiretamente à QVT, que atingem 100% dos colaboradores. As prÃticas de QVT da empresa que tem relaÃÃo com o estresse no trabalho com pontuaÃÃes igual ou acima de 69% foram as seguintes: oportunidade de aumento de escolaridade; acompanhamento da saÃde; relaÃÃo entre colaboradores; atividades sÃcio-culturais; prevenÃÃo de doenÃas e acidentes; benefÃcios sociais oferecidos; relaÃÃo com chefia; e atividades esportivas e lazer. Os fatores estressores de maior peso foram respectivamente: excesso de pressÃo por metas e prazos; sobrecarga de responsabilidades e mà relaÃÃo com chefia. Consideramos que grande parte dos fatores estressores identificados podem ser adequadamente administrados a partir de aÃÃes de promoÃÃo da qualidade de vida no trabalho e concluÃmos que existe uma relaÃÃo entre estas duas temÃticas mesmo que a empresa nÃo mantenha um programa de administraÃÃo do estresse sistematizado.

Si la santé psychologique au travail retient de plus en plus l’attention de la communauté scientifique et des milieux de pratique, certains aspects du phénomène restent néanmoins à explorer. Notamment, les études se sont peu attardées au fonctionnement de l’individu dans l’organisation, focalisant plutôt sur les expériences subjectives associées au bien-être et à la détresse psychologiques. En outre, l’état des connaissances sur les mécanismes sous-jacents à la santé psychologique au travail demeure embryonnaire. Faute d’écrits sur la question, la compréhension du construit s’avère partielle. Devant ce constat, la présente thèse vise à modéliser la santé psychologique au travail en y intégrant des indicateurs du fonctionnement de l’employé. Dans cette optique, cinq études, regroupées en deux articles, ont été menées auprès de quatre échantillons indépendants (Article 1 : NA = 296, NB = 350, NC = 139; Article 2 : NB = 330, NC = 128; ND = 389). Le premier article a pour objet de développer une conceptualisation et une mesure du fonctionnement de l’individu dans l’organisation. Prenant appui sur les travaux en socialisation organisationnelle et sur la théorie de la conservation des ressources (Hobfoll, 1989, 2001), l’ajustement cognitif au travail est proposé à titre d’indicateur additionnel de la santé psychologique au travail. Des analyses factorielles exploratoires et confirmatoires, de même que des analyses de cohérence interne, d’invariance temporelle et de régression, confirment les qualités psychométriques de l’instrumentation et étayent la validité de l’ajustement cognitif au travail comme indicateur de la santé psychologique au travail. Le second article s’appuie sur la conceptualisation du fonctionnement de l’employé présentée dans le premier article pour tester une modélisation de la santé psychologique au travail. Se fondant sur la théorie de la conservation des ressources (Hobfoll, 1989, 2001), la santé psychologique au travail est modélisée comme un processus incluant quatre indicateurs, soit le bien-être psychologique, la détresse psychologique, l’ajustement cognitif et les réponses comportementales de stress au travail. Deux mécanismes distincts sont mis de l’avant pour expliquer les relations unissant les indicateurs positifs de santé psychologique au travail (c.-à-d., le bien-être psychologique et l’ajustement cognitif) et celles caractérisant les indicateurs négatifs (c.-à-d., la détresse psychologique et les réponses comportementales de stress). Des analyses acheminatoires et d’invariance transculturelle révèlent la présence des deux mécanismes et montrent que, au-delà de l’influence des demandes en emploi, le bien-être psychologique exerce un effet médiateur sur la relation positive entre des ressources personnelles (c.-à-d., optimisme et résilience) et organisationnelle (c.-à-d., climat de travail) et l’ajustement cognitif au travail. Les résultats mettent également en exergue le rôle médiateur de la détresse psychologique sur la relation négative entre les mêmes ressources et les réponses comportementales de stress au travail. Une discussion générale précise la portée des résultats présentés dans le cadre des deux articles. / While psychological health at work is gaining attention from academics and practitioners, certain aspects of the phenomenon need deeper exploration. Notably, scant research has examined individual functioning in the workplace; the majority of studies focused on subjective experiences related to psychological well-being and distress instead. Moreover, little is known about the mechanisms underlying psychological health at work. These shortcomings result in a partial understanding of the construct. In light of these observations, the present thesis aims to develop a model of psychological health at work, integrating indicators of employee functioning. To achieve this goal, five studies divided into two articles were conducted using four independent samples (Article 1: NA = 296, NB = 350, NC = 139; Article 2: NB = 330, NC = 128; ND = 389). The first article proposes a conceptualization and a measurement of individual functioning at work. Building on organizational socialization literature and on conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989, 2001), we conceptualize cognitive adjustment as a psychological health indicator. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, as well as reliability, temporal invariance and regression analyses, confirm the psychometric qualities of the instrument and support the validity of cognitive adjustment at work as, indeed, an indicator of psychological health. Drawing from the conceptualization of employee functioning reported in the first article, the second article tests a model of psychological health at work. Based on conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989, 2001), psychological health at work is conceptualized as a process, which includes four indicators, namely psychological well-being, psychological distress, cognitive adjustment, and behavioural stress responses at work. Two distinct mechanisms are put forward explaining the relations between positive indicators (i.e., psychological well-being and cognitive adjustment), and the relations between negative indicators (i.e., psychological distress and behavioural stress responses). Path and cross-cultural invariance analyses acknowledge both mechanisms, and demonstrate that, beyond the impact of job demands, psychological well-being exercises a mediating effect on the positive relations between personal (i.e., optimism and resilience) and organizational (i.e., work climate) resources, and cognitive adjustment at work. Results also highlight that psychological distress mediates the negative relations between the same resources and behavioural stress responses at work. A general discussion covers in deeper details the implications of the findings emanating from both articles.