No description available.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur upplever Pro-gamers inom FIFA stressorer och vilka copingstrategier som används för att hantera dem. Studiens fokus var på att få fram upplevelser av stressorer hos deltagarna och om de upplever just dessa faktorer, vad de använder sig av för copingstrategier för att hantera dessa situationer. Det deltog totalt åtta stycken intervjupersoner där alla var män i åldrarna 17-34 år (M=22,5) där dessa intervjupersoner befann sig i inklusionskriterie för att medverka i studien där alla var pro-gamers inom FIFA. Studien har utgått ifrån en kvalitativ forskningsmetod och använt sig av semistrukturerade intervjuer för samla in data och intervjuguide som grund har utgått utifrån ett teoretiskt ramverk, McGrath (1970) fyra-stegs stressprocess modellen. I studiens resultat framkommer det totalt två stycken huvudteman, det första huvudtemat som nämns är upplevda stressorer, som totalt har fem stycken underliggande teman. Dessa är krav på sig själv, krav från samhället, krav från föreningen, krav från fans och krav från vänner och familj. Det andra huvudtemat som framkommer i studien är copingstrategier som används för att hantera upplevda stressorer som har totalt fyra stycken underliggande teman. Dessa är stöd från föreningen, stöd från familj, stöd från vänner och copingstrategier i sitt FIFA-utövande. Resultatdelen i studien har olika svarsteman men det var bland annat att intervjupersoner upplever stressorer i sitt FIFA spelande där de bland annat upplever krav på sig själv, samhället, föreningen, fans samt från sina vänner och familj. I resultatdelen framkom det även vilka copingstrategier som intervjupersoner använder sig av för att hantera dessa krav som kan bidra till att deltagarna upplever stressorer. Det som framkom var till exempel att de upplevde att det fanns bra stöd från föreningen och använde sig av den möjligheten, från sin familj och vänner men att de också använde sig av individuella copingstrategier såsom fysisk aktivitet eller att gå ut och promenera. Studiens resultat kan i framtiden vara användbar till framtida forskning för esportföreningar och liknande organisationer. Detta genom att studiens resultat kan forskas vidare kring bland annat vilka copingstrategier som kan användas om man i sitt FIFA-utövande upplever stressorer. / The purpose of the study was to investigate how Pro-gamers within FIFA experience stressors and which coping strategies are used to deal with them. The focus of the study was to bring out experiences of stressors in the participants to write if they experience and lead to any stress and performance anxiety when they are in a competitive context and if they experience these factors what they use for coping strategies to deal with these situations. A total of eight interviewees participated where all were men aged 17-34 years (M=22.5, SD=?) where these interviewees were in the inclusion criteria to participate in the studies where all were pro-gamers within FIFA. The study was based on a qualitative research method and used semi-structured interviews to collect data and an interview guide based on a theoretical framework, McGrath's (1970) four-step stress process model. In the results of the study, a total of two main themes emerge, the first main theme mentioned is perceived stressors, which in total has five underlying themes. These are demands on oneself, demands of society demands of the association, demands of fans and demands of friends and family. The second main theme that emerges in the study is coping strategies used to manage perceived stressors, that have a total of four underlying themes. These are support from the association, support from family, support from friends and coping strategies in their FIFA practice. The results part in the studies has different answers, but it was, among other things, that interviewees experience stressors in their FIFA playing, where they experience demands on themselves, society, the association, fans and from their friends and family, among other things. In the results section, it was also revealed which strategies the interviewees use to deal with these demands, which can contribute to the participants experiencing stressors. What emerged was, for example, that they felt that there was good support from the association and used the opportunity from their family and friends that they also used individual strategies such as physical activity or going out for a walk. The results of the study may in the future be useful to future research for esports associations and similar organizations. This is because the study's results can be further researched on, among other things, which coping strategies can be used if you experience stressors in your FIFA practice.

Caregiving can be stressful, and older adults’ health and well-being may be impacted by the roles and responsibilities they assume as caregivers for persons with serious mental illness (SMI). This study is the first to apply the Stress Process Model of Caregiving (SPM) in an attempt to understand how mental illness stigma influences caregiver outcomes, specifically their desire to relinquish care. The intent of this study was to call attention to care relinquishment as an under-studied stress process outcome and to explore stress factors, with a focus on mental illness stigma, that contribute to SMI caregivers’ desire to relinquish care. Using convenience sampling, members of the National Alliance on Mental Illness in the eastern U.S. were invited to participate in an online survey, resulting in a sample of n = 285. Regression analysis findings suggest that caregivers’ partnership status, exposure to problematic behaviors, and perceptions of courtesy stigma predicted desire to relinquish care. Neither age nor caregiver sense of mastery moderated the relationship between perceived courtesy stigma and relinquishment desire. Perceptions of stigma were negatively associated with caregiver health, sense of mastery, and social support levels, indicating stigma’s role in the erosion of caregiver resources. This study provides information that can inform the development of educational and supportive services that may help caregivers better cope with the stressors associated with SMI caregiving. With caregiving stressors diminished, older caregivers will be able to better apply their resources toward self-care and maintaining their quality of life.

As the baby boomer generation ages, and as advanced medical techniques keep people alive longer, the need for family caregivers will grow. Researchers have determined that the health of family caregivers is generally poorer that noncaregivers. Also, the type of family relationship has been determined to influence health outcomes. This study examined how caregiving parents and caregiving adult children compared with regard to caregiving variables and health outcomes. Social support was then assessed to determine if a mediating effect existed between the predictors and health outcomes. Using data from the MIDUS II survey, the health outcomes of self-identified caregiving parents and caregiving adult children was studied in light of the predictor variables of type of relationship, provision of activities of daily living, length of time caregiving, and family demands. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the relation between the predictors and health outcomes. Mediation tests were administered to assess if social support mediated between the significant predictors and health outcomes. The type of family relationship influenced health outcomes with caregiving parents demonstrating poorer health than caregiving adult children. Caregiving parents had lower self-rated health and higher numbers of chronic conditions than caregiving adult children. Perceived family demands were associated with increased number of chronic conditions for both caregiving adult children and caregiving parents. No significant influence was found between provision of activities of daily living or length of time caregiving with health outcomes. Similarly, no mediation effect of social support was found between the significant predictor variables and health outcomes. Using the stress process model, this study examined caregiving predictor variables and health outcomes for caregiving parents and caregiving adult children. Caregiving parents were found to demonstrate poorer self-rated health and more chronic health conditions that caregiving adult children. Unlike many previous studies, perceived family demands was found to have a strong association with the number of chronic health conditions for both groups of caregivers. / Graduation date: 2012

<p>This study examines whether trajectories of multiple social role occupancy, measured by level and dynamics of spouse, parent, and worker roles, are associated with mortality and concurrent trajectories of depressive symptoms and self-rated health. I frame hypotheses with role strain, role enhancement, role context, stress process, and life course theories to examine both within-person changes over age and between-person predictors of health status.</p><p></p><p>I use data from the Americans' Changing Lives Study, a nationally representative accelerated cohort panel study of U.S. adults interviewed in 1986, 1989, 1994, and 2001/2 with mortality tracking through 2006. I use latent class analysis to estimate disaggregated trajectories of role occupancy, role strain, role satisfaction, depressive symptoms, and self-rated health across the adult life course. I then use multinomial and logistic regression analyses to examine associations between role trajectories and health outcomes.</p><p>I find that (1) there is significant heterogeneity in trajectories of role occupancy and characteristics across the adult life course; (2) higher levels of social role occupancy are associated with better depressive symptom and mortality outcomes; (3) lower levels of role strain and higher levels of role satisfaction are associated with better depressive symptom outcomes, and (4); the association between role occupancy and health is robust to the inclusion of role characteristics. Thus, I find support for the role enhancement hypothesis in that higher levels of role occupancy are associated with better health outcomes irrespective of reward and strain associated with those roles.</p> / Dissertation

The death of a parent represents a potential traumatic life event that has been linked to depression in both Japan and the United States. Yet experiences surrounding death and ways of grieving are framed differently across cultures. At the individual level, the majority of the bereaved people in both Japan and the United States attempt to maintain bonds with the deceased family members. Being complementary to the individual-level desire, Japanese death-related beliefs and practices seem to provide a tool to maintain bonds. In contrast, American death-related beliefs and practices may be at odds with the individual desires by encouraging the bereaved individuals to detach themselves from the deceased parents. Japanese culture may work as a macro level support to bereaved individuals, while American culture is not supportive of the individual desires. Using two national data sets from Japan and the United States, this study tested whether: (1) bereaved individuals report worse mental health than non-bereaved individuals, (2) the mental health consequences of losing a parent is greater in the United States than in Japan, and (3) in this vein, persons in Japan report greater emotional support than those in the United States, and emotional support explains cultural differences in the link between being bereaved and depression. Supporting Hypothesis 1, bereaved respondents were more depressed than non-bereaved respondents. The statistical test rejected Hypothesis 2, and Hypothesis 3 was not testable. This research considers the role of culture as a macro-level support and cross-national research methods.

This study examined the relationship between race and mental health among Canadian adults. The purpose was to assess how social organization contributes to the racial distribution of mental health. The study defined mental health as a multi-dimensional construct that includes negative, positive, and subjective facets. The empirical analysis compared East Asians, South Asians, Blacks, Aboriginals, and mixed race persons to Whites on major depression, psychological distress, psychological well-being, and self-rated mental health. Separate comparisons were made for women and men because the relationship between race and mental health could be conditional on gender. Using individual-level data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) 1.2 and aggregate data from the 2001 Canadian Census, the study hypothesized that racial differences in mental health could reflect differences in stress exposure, socioeconomic status, social embeddedness, and neighborhood environment. The main assumption was that higher stress exposure, economic hardship, social isolation, and neighborhood disadvantage could compromise the mental health of racial minorities. The study also examined whether social support and coping behaviors protected racial minorities from these health-damaging effects. The findings do not present a straightforward or a consistent set of conclusions. Although there is a good rational to believe that racial minorities should have worse mental health than Whites, this is not always or even mostly the case. Only Aboriginal women have a consistent disadvantage. For the most part, racial minorities have similar mental health as Whites, and even have an advantage in a few instances. Since the analysis covered the negative, positive, and subjective dimensions of mental health, it provides robust evidence to support this conclusion. However, the findings also demonstrate that low socioeconomic status and insufficient social resources can indeed have health-damaging effects. These factors explain some of the observed disadvantages in mental health that racial minorities experience or suppress an advantage among them. / Graduate / 0347 / 0631

abstract: Psychological distress occurs at disproportionate rates among minority groups and individuals with lower socioeconomic status. This dissertation focuses on the relationship between living in a disadvantaged neighborhood and distress among Latinos, the formal and informal organizations that mediate the direct and indirect relationship between disadvantage and distress in this population, and the differences of social stress processes based on aspects of Latino social status, linguistic acculturation status, and the percentage of residents in the neighborhood that identify as Latino. This dissertation focuses its investigation on Latinos living in Chicago, specifically asking: In a metropolitan city, can the presence of formal and informal community organizations protect Latinos living in disadvantage neighborhoods from experiencing psychological distress? The findings demonstrate an indirect association between disadvantage and distress though objective disorganization and perception of disorganization. Both the density of community centers and block watch had an indirect protective effect, mediating the relationship between neighborhood disadvantage and distress, but did not decrease the indirect effect of disadvantage on distress through objective or perceptions of disorganization. The results of this dissertation suggest that changes to a neighborhood's environment may decrease population rates of distress in disadvantaged neighborhoods. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Social Work 2014

abstract: Over 25% of children in the United States suffer from a chronic illness, and close to 70% of all childhood deaths are due to chronic illness. Prevalence of childhood chronic illness continues to increase, and as a result, the pervasiveness of parents faced with stress associated with caregiving for their child with a chronic illness is also rising. The Stress Process Model (SPM) conceptualizes the caregiving experience as a multidimensional process influenced by the caregiving context, primary and secondary stressors, resources, and caregiver outcomes. Utilizing the SPM, the goals of this study were to examine the relations between caregiving stress (role overload and role strain) and resources (instrumental support, social support, and positive attitudes) and psychological outcomes (depression and anxiety) to determine whether resources moderated the associations between caregiving stress and psychological outcomes. Participants included 200 parent caregivers of a child with a chronic illness. Participants responded to an online survey that measured demographics, role overload (Role Overload scale), role strain (The Revised Caregiver Burden Measure), instrumental support and social support (Medical Outcomes Survey), positive attitudes about caregiving (Brief Assessment Scale for Caregivers), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale-7). Pearson correlations and six hierarchical regression models were tested to examine caregiving stress, resources, and psychological outcomes. Consistent with the study hypotheses, positive correlations between caregiving stress (role overload and role strain) and depression and anxiety were found. Negative correlations were found between resources (instrumental support, social support, positive attitudes) and depression and anxiety. Both instrumental support and social support had negative moderating effects on the relations between role overload and psychological outcomes (depression and anxiety). Positive attitudes also negatively moderated the relations between role strain and psychological outcomes. Thus, when participants reported high instrumental and social support, they also reported low depression and anxiety, even when role overload was high. Participants also reported low anxiety and depression when they reported high positive attitudes, even when role strain was high. Implications of these findings are discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Counseling Psychology 2020

No description available.