The subject of the present thesis is the Chern-Simons-Schrödinger system, which is a gauge-covariant Schrödinger system in two spatial dimensions with a long-range electromagnetic field. The present thesis studies two aspects of the system: that of well-posedness and that of the long-time behaviour. The first main result of the thesis concerns the large-data well-posedness of the initial-value problem for the Chern-Simons-Schrödinger system. We impose the Coulomb gauge to remove the gauge-invariance, in order to obtain a well-defined initial-value problem. We prove that, in the Coulomb gauge, the Chern-Simons-Schrödinger system is locally well-posed in the Sobolev spaces $H^s$ for $s\ge 1$, and that the solution map satisfies a weak Lipschitz continuity estimate. The main technical difficulty is the presence of a derivative nonlinearity, which rules out the naive iteration scheme for proving well-posedness. The key idea is to retain the non-perturbative part of the derivative nonlinearity in the principal operator, and to exploit the dispersive properties of the resulting paradifferential-type principal operator, in particular frequency-localised Strichartz estimates, using adaptations of the $U^p$ and $V^p$ spaces introduced by Koch and Tataru in other contexts. The other main result of the thesis characterises the large-time behaviour in the case where the interaction potential is the defocusing cubic term. We prove that the solution to the Chern-Simons-Schrödinger system in the Coulomb gauge, starting from a localised finite-energy initial datum, will scatter to a free Schrödinger wave at large times. The two crucial ingredients here are the discovery of a new conserved quantity, that of a pseudo-conformal energy, and the cubic null structure discovered by Oh and Pusateri, which reveals a subtle cancellation in the long-range electromagnetic effects. By exploiting pseudo-conformal symmetry, we also prove the existence of wave operators for the Chern-Simons-Schrödinger system in the Coulomb gauge: given a localised finite-energy final state, there exists a unique solution which scatters to that prescribed state.

The results of this thesis are motivated by the investigation of abstract Cauchy problems. Our primary contribution is encapsulated in two new theorems. The first main theorem is a generalisation of a result of E. M. Stein. In particular, we show that every symmetric diffusion semigroup acting on a complex-valued Lebesgue space has a tensor product extension to a UMD-valued Lebesgue space that can be continued analytically to sectors of the complex plane. Moreover, this analytic continuation exhibits pointwise convergence almost everywhere. Both conclusions hold provided that the UMD space satisfies a geometric condition that is weak enough to include many classical spaces. The theorem is proved by showing that every symmetric diffusion semigroup is dominated by a positive symmetric diffusion semigoup. This allows us to obtain (a) the existence of the semigroup's tensor extension, (b) a vector-valued version of the Hopf--Dunford--Schwartz ergodic theorem and (c) an holomorphic functional calculus for the extension's generator. The ergodic theorem is used to prove a vector-valued version of a maximal theorem by Stein, which, when combined with the functional calculus, proves the pointwise convergence theorem. The second part of the thesis proves the existence of abstract Strichartz estimates for any evolution family of operators that satisfies an abstract energy and dispersive estimate. Some of these Strichartz estimates were already announced, without proof, by M. Keel and T. Tao. Those estimates which are not included in their result are new, and are an abstract extension of inhomogeneous estimates recently obtained by D. Foschi. When applied to physical problems, our abstract estimates give new inhomogeneous Strichartz estimates for the wave equation, extend the range of inhomogeneous estimates obtained by M. Nakamura and T. Ozawa for a class of Klein--Gordon equations, and recover the inhomogeneous estimates for the Schr??dinger equation obtained independently by Foschi and M. Vilela. These abstract estimates are applicable to a range of other problems, such as the Schr??dinger equation with a certain class of potentials.

The results of this thesis are motivated by the investigation of abstract Cauchy problems. Our primary contribution is encapsulated in two new theorems. The first main theorem is a generalisation of a result of E. M. Stein. In particular, we show that every symmetric diffusion semigroup acting on a complex-valued Lebesgue space has a tensor product extension to a UMD-valued Lebesgue space that can be continued analytically to sectors of the complex plane. Moreover, this analytic continuation exhibits pointwise convergence almost everywhere. Both conclusions hold provided that the UMD space satisfies a geometric condition that is weak enough to include many classical spaces. The theorem is proved by showing that every symmetric diffusion semigroup is dominated by a positive symmetric diffusion semigoup. This allows us to obtain (a) the existence of the semigroup's tensor extension, (b) a vector-valued version of the Hopf--Dunford--Schwartz ergodic theorem and (c) an holomorphic functional calculus for the extension's generator. The ergodic theorem is used to prove a vector-valued version of a maximal theorem by Stein, which, when combined with the functional calculus, proves the pointwise convergence theorem. The second part of the thesis proves the existence of abstract Strichartz estimates for any evolution family of operators that satisfies an abstract energy and dispersive estimate. Some of these Strichartz estimates were already announced, without proof, by M. Keel and T. Tao. Those estimates which are not included in their result are new, and are an abstract extension of inhomogeneous estimates recently obtained by D. Foschi. When applied to physical problems, our abstract estimates give new inhomogeneous Strichartz estimates for the wave equation, extend the range of inhomogeneous estimates obtained by M. Nakamura and T. Ozawa for a class of Klein--Gordon equations, and recover the inhomogeneous estimates for the Schr??dinger equation obtained independently by Foschi and M. Vilela. These abstract estimates are applicable to a range of other problems, such as the Schr??dinger equation with a certain class of potentials.

Dans cette thèse nous étudions trois modèles décrivant la dynamique de l’écoulement d’un fluide à densité variable, dans des échelles spatio-temporelles grandes. Dans ce cadre, le mouvement relatif induit par des forces extérieures,comme la force de Coriolis ou la poussée hydrostatique, s’avère être beaucoup plus important que le mouvement intrinsèque du fluide induit par le transport des particules. Une tel déséquilibre contraint ainsi le mouvement, induisant des structures persistantes dans l’écoulement du fluide.D’un point de vue mathématique, l’une des difficultés consiste en l’étude des perturbations induites par les forces extérieures, qui se propagent à grande vitesse.Ce type d’analyse peut être effectué au moyen de plusieurs outils mathématiques ;on choisit ici d’employer des techniques caractéristiques de l’analyse de Fourier,comme l’analyse des propriétés dispersives des intégrales oscillantes.Tout au long de cette thèse, on se restreint à considérer des domaines spatiaux sans frontière : c’est le cas de l’espace entier, ou encore de l’espace périodique. Les modèles considérés sont donc les suivants: équations primitives dont les nombres de Froude et de Rossby sont comparables,et pour lesquelles la diffusion verticale est nulle, fluides stratifiés dans un régime à faible nombre de Froude, fluides faiblement compressibles et tournants dans un régime où les nombres de Mach et de Rossby sont comparables.On prouve que ces systèmes propagent globalement dans le temps des donnés peu régulières. Nous n’imposons jamais de condition de petitesse sur les données initiales. Toutefois, on prendra en compte certaines hypothèses spécifiques de régularité, lorsque des raisons techniques l’imposent. / In this thesis we discuss three models describing the dynamics of density-dependent fluids in long lifes pans and on a planetary scale. In such setting the relative displacement induced by various external physical forces, such as the Coriolis force and the stratification buoyancy, is far more relevant than the intrinsic motion generated by the collision of particles of the fluid itself. Such disproportion of balance limits hence the motion, inducing persistent structures in the velocity flow.On a mathematical level one of the main difficulties relies in giving a full description of the perturbations induced by the external forces, which propagate at high speed. This analysis can be performed by the aid of several tools, we chose here to adopt techniques characteristic of harmonic analysis, such as the analysis of the dispersive properties of highly oscillating integrals.All along the thesis we consider boundary-free, three-dimensional domains, and inspecific we study only the case in which the domain in either the whole space or the periodic space . The models we consider are the following ones : primitive equations with comparable Froude and Rossby number and zero vertical diffusivity, density-dependent stratified fluids in low Froude number regime, weakly compressible and fast rotating fluid in a regime in which Mach and Rossbynumber are comparable. We prove that these systems propagate globally-in-time data with low-regularity. Nosmallness assumption is ever made, specific constructive hypothesis are assumed on the initial data when required.

Submitted by Livia Mello (liviacmello@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-23T20:38:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseWNN.pdf: 1247691 bytes, checksum: 63f743255181169a9bb4ca1dfd2312c2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-26T20:35:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseWNN.pdf: 1247691 bytes, checksum: 63f743255181169a9bb4ca1dfd2312c2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-26T20:35:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseWNN.pdf: 1247691 bytes, checksum: 63f743255181169a9bb4ca1dfd2312c2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-26T20:35:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseWNN.pdf: 1247691 bytes, checksum: 63f743255181169a9bb4ca1dfd2312c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / In this thesis we study the asymptotic properties for the solution of the Cauchy problem for the Klein-Gordon equation with non-effective time-dependent potential. The main goal was define a suitable energy related to the Cauchy problem and derive decay estimates for such energy. Strichartz’ estimates and results of scattering and modified scattering was established. The C m theory and the stabilization condition was applied to treat the case where the coefficient of the potential term has very fast oscillations. Moreover, we consider a semi-linear wave model scale-invariant time- dependent with mass and dissipation, in this step we used linear estimates related with the semi-linear model to prove global existence (in time) of energy solutions for small data and we show a blow-up result for a suitable choice of the coefficients. / Nesta tese estudamos as propriedades assintóticas para a solução do problema de Cauchy para a equação de Klein-Gordon com potencial não efetivo dependente do tempo. O principal objetivo foi definir uma energia adequada relacionada ao problema de Cauchy e derivar estimativas para tal energia. Estimativas de Strichartz e resultados de scatering e scatering modificados também foram estabelecidos. A teoria C m e a condição de estabilização foram aplicados para tratar o caso em que o coeficiente da massa oscila muito rápido. Além disso, consideramos um mod- elo de onda semi-linear scale-invariante com massa e dissipação dependentes do tempo, nesta etapa usamos as estimativas lineares de tal modelo para provar ex- istência global (no tempo) de solução de energia para dados iniciais suficientemente pequenos e demonstramos um resultado de blow-up para uma escolha adequada dos coeficientes.

Dans ce travail, nous allons établir des estimations de dispersion et des applications aux inégalités de Strichartz pour les solutions de l’équation des ondes dans un domaine cylindrique convexe Ω ⊂ R³ à bord C∞, ∂Ω ≠ ∅. Les estimations de dispersion sont classiquement utilisées pour prouver les estimations de Strichartz. Dans un domaine Ω général, des estimations de Strichartz ont été démontrées par Blair, Smith, Sogge [6,7]. Des estimations optimales ont été prouvées dans [29] lorsque Ω est strictement convexe. Le cas des domaines cylindriques que nous considérons ici généralise les resultats de [29] dans le cas où la courbure positive dépend de l'angle d'incidence et s'annule dans certaines directions. / In this work, we establish local in time dispersive estimates and its application to Strichartz estimates for solutions of the model case Dirichlet wave equation inside cylindrical convex domains Ω ⊂ R³ with smooth boundary ∂Ω ≠ ∅. Let us recall that dispersive estimates are key ingredients to prove Strichartz estimates. Strichartz estimates for waves inside an arbitrary domain Ω have been proved by Blair, Smith, Sogge [6,7]. Optimal estimates in strictly convex domains have been obtained in [29]. Our case of cylindrical domains is an extension of the result of [29] in the case where the nonnegative curvature radius depends on the incident angle and vanishes in some directions.

L'objet de cette thèse est l'étude des équations de Schrödinger et des ondes, à la fois linéaires et non linéaires, dans des domaines extérieurs. Nous nous intéressons en particulier aux inégalités dites de Strichartz, qui sont une famille d'estimations dispersives mesurant la décroissance du flot linéaire, particulièrement utiles à l'étude des problèmes non linéaires correspondants. Dans des géométries dites non-captantes, c'est à dire où tous les rayons de l'optique géométrique partent à l'infini, de nombreux résultats montrent que de telles estimations sont aussi bonnes que dans l'espace libre. D'autre part, la présence d'une trajectoire captive induit nécessairement une perte au niveau d'une autre famille d'estimations à priori, les estimations d'effet régularisant et de décroissance locale de l'énergie, respectivement pour Schrödinger et pour les ondes. En contraste de quoi, nous montrons des estimations de Strichartz sans perte dans une géométrie captante instable : l'extérieur de plusieurs obstacles strictement convexes vérifiant la condition d'Ikawa. La seconde partie de cette thèse est dédiée à l'étude du comportement en temps long des équations non-linéaires sous-jacentes. Lorsque le domaine dans lequel elles vivent n'induit pas trop de concentration de l'énergie, on s'attend à ce qu'elles diffusent, c'est à dire se comportent de manière linéaire asymptotiquement en temps. Nous montrons un tel résultat pour les ondes non linéaires critiques à l'extérieur d'une classe d'obstacles généralisant la notion d'étoilé. A l'extérieur de deux obstacles strictement convexes, nous obtenons un résultat de rigidité concernant les solutions à flot compact, premier pas vers un résultat général. Enfin, nous nous intéressons à l'équation de Schrödinger non linéaire, dans l'espace libre, mais avec un potentiel. Nous montrons que les solutions diffusent si l'on prend un potentiel répulsif, ainsi qu'une somme de deux potentiels répulsifs ayant des surfaces de niveau convexes, ce qui fournit un exemple de diffusion dans une géométrie captante analogue à l'extérieur de deux convexes stricts. / We are concerned with Schrödinger and wave equations, both linear and non linear, in exterior domains. In particular, we are interested in the so-called Strichartz estimates, which are a family of dispersive estimates measuring decay for the linear flow. They turn out to be particularly useful in order to study the corresponding non linear equations. In non-captive geometries, where all the rays of geometrical optics go to infinity, many results show that Strichartz estimates hold with no loss with respect to the flat case. Moreover, the local smoothing estimates for the Schrödinger equation, respectively the local energy decay for the wave equation, which are another family of dispersive estimates, are known to fail in any captive geometry. In contrast, we show Strichartz estimates without loss in an unstable captive geometry: the exterior of many strictly convex obstacles verifying Ikawa's condition. The second part of this thesis is dedicated to the study of the long time asymptotics of the corresponding non linear equations. We expect that they behave linearly in large times, or scatter, when the domain they live in does not induce too much concentration effect. We show such a result for the non linear critical wave equation in the exterior of a class of obstacles generalizing star-shaped bodies. In the exterior of two strictly convex obstacles, we obtain a rigidity result concerning compact flow solutions, which is a first step toward a general result. Finally, we consider the non linear Schrödinger equation in the free space but with a potential. We prove that solutions scatter for a repulsive potential, and for a sum of two repulsive potentials with strictly convex level surfaces. This provides a scattering result in a framework similar to the exterior of two strictly convex obstacles.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:28:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3788.pdf: 684718 bytes, checksum: 743ac325dfb93fd96a6cc9b15d66467d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-27 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / In this work, we study the result of global well-Posedness for the cubic wave equation @2 t u&#56256;&#56320;_u+u3 = 0 in R_R3, where the Cauchy data is in the Sobolev space Hs(R3)_ Hs&#56256;&#56320;1(R3) with 13 18 < s < 1. The proof is based on the work of T. Roy, [23], in this paper Roy propose a almost conservation law for the energy and from this he get a inequality that together with the local well-posedness theory proved by Lindbald and Sogge in [18] guarantee the global well-posedness for the problem. / Neste trabalho estudamos um resultado de boa colocação global para a equação da onda cúbica &#948;(_t^2)u-&#8710;_u+U^3=0 em R_R3, no qual os dados de Cauchy estão no espaço de Sobolev Hs(R3) x Hs&#56256;&#56320;1(R3), para 13 18 < s < 1. A prova é baseada no rabalho de T. Roy, [23], nele é estabelecido uma lei de quase conservação de energia e a partir disso se obtém uma desigualdade que aliada a teoria da boa colocação local estabelecida por Lindbald e Sogge em [18] garante a boa colocação global para o problema.

Résumé / Abstract

Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude des aspects linéaires et non-linéaires des équations de type Schrödinger [ i partial_t u + |nabla|^sigma u = F, quad |nabla| = sqrt {-Delta}, quad sigma in (0, infty).] Quand $sigma = 2$, il s'agit de l'équation de Schrödinger bien connue dans de nombreux contextes physiques tels que la mécanique quantique, l'optique non-linéaire, la théorie des champs quantiques et la théorie de Hartree-Fock. Quand $sigma in (0,2) backslash {1}$, c'est l'équation Schrödinger fractionnaire, qui a été découverte par Laskin (voir par exemple cite{Laskin2000} et cite{Laskin2002}) en lien avec l'extension de l'intégrale de Feynman, des chemins quantiques de type brownien à ceux de Lévy. Cette équation apparaît également dans des modèles de vagues (voir par exemple cite{IonescuPusateri} et cite{Nguyen}). Quand $sigma = 1$, c'est l'équation des demi-ondes qui apparaît dans des modèles de vagues (voir cite{IonescuPusateri}) et dans l'effondrement gravitationnel (voir cite{ElgartSchlein}, cite{FrohlichLenzmann}). Quand $sigma = 4$, c'est l'équation Schrödinger du quatrième ordre ou biharmonique introduite par Karpman cite{Karpman} et par Karpman-Shagalov cite{KarpmanShagalov} pour prendre en compte le rôle de la dispersion du quatrième ordre dans la propagation d'un faisceau laser intense dans un milieu massif avec non-linéarité de Kerr. Cette thèse est divisée en deux parties. La première partie étudie les estimations de Strichartz pour des équations de type Schrödinger sur des variétés comprenant l'espace plat euclidien, les variétés compactes sans bord et les variétés asymptotiquement euclidiennes. Ces estimations de Strichartz sont utiles pour l'étude de l'équations dispersives non-linéaire à régularité basse. La seconde partie concerne l'étude des aspects non-linéaires tels que les caractères localement puis globalement bien posés sous l'espace d'énergie, ainsi que l'explosion de solutions peu régulières pour des équations non-linéaires de type Schrödinger. [...] / This dissertation is devoted to the study of linear and nonlinear aspects of the Schrödinger-type equations [ i partial_t u + |nabla|^sigma u = F, quad |nabla| = sqrt {-Delta}, quad sigma in (0, infty).] When $sigma = 2$, it is the well-known Schrödinger equation arising in many physical contexts such as quantum mechanics, nonlinear optics, quantum field theory and Hartree-Fock theory. When $sigma in (0,2) backslash {1}$, it is the fractional Schrödinger equation, which was discovered by Laskin (see e.g. cite{Laskin2000} and cite{Laskin2002}) owing to the extension of the Feynman path integral, from the Brownian-like to Lévy-like quantum mechanical paths. This equation also appears in the water waves model (see e.g. cite{IonescuPusateri} and cite{Nguyen}). When $sigma = 1$, it is the half-wave equation which arises in water waves model (see cite{IonescuPusateri}) and in gravitational collapse (see cite{ElgartSchlein}, cite{FrohlichLenzmann}). When $sigma =4$, it is the fourth-order or biharmonic Schrödinger equation introduced by Karpman cite {Karpman} and by Karpman-Shagalov cite{KarpmanShagalov} taking into account the role of small fourth-order dispersion term in the propagation of intense laser beam in a bulk medium with Kerr nonlinearity. This thesis is divided into two parts. The first part studies Strichartz estimates for Schrödinger-type equations on manifolds including the flat Euclidean space, compact manifolds without boundary and asymptotically Euclidean manifolds. These Strichartz estimates are known to be useful in the study of nonlinear dispersive equation at low regularity. The second part concerns the study of nonlinear aspects such as local well-posedness, global well-posedness below the energy space and blowup of rough solutions for nonlinear Schrödinger-type equations.[...]