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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Empirical Evidence for Inefficiencies in European Electricity Markets / Market Power and Barriers to Cross-Border Trade?

Zachmann, Georg 16 October 2009 (has links) (PDF)
This dissertation applies a variety of quantitative methods to European electricity market data to enable us to detect, understand, and eventually mitigate market imperfections. The empirical data indicate that market power and barriers to cross-border trade partially explain today’s market failures. Briefly, the five key findings of this dissertation are: First, we observe a decoupling between German electricity prices and fuel cost, even though British electricity prices are largely explained by short-run cost factors. Second, we demonstrate that rising prices of European Union emission allowances (EUA) have a greater impact on German wholesale electricity prices than falling EUA prices. Third, we reject the assumption of full integration of European wholesale electricity markets in 2002-2006; for several pairs of countries, the weaker hypothesis of (bilateral) convergence is accepted (i.e. efforts to develop a single European market for electricity have been only partially successful). Fourth, we observe that daily auction prices of scarce cross-border transmission capacities are insufficient to explain the persistence of international price differentials. Empirically, our findings confirm the insufficiency of explicit capacity auctions as stated in the theoretical literature. Fifth, we identify inefficiencies in the market behavior for the interconnector linking France and the United Kingdom (UK), for which several explanations, including market power, may be plausible.
2

Economics of Ancillary Services for Electricity: Managing Uncertain Power Generation and Grid Operation in the Distribution Network

Zipf, Michael Markus 09 July 2021 (has links)
The ancillary services are of immanent importance for secure and reliable network operation. As a result of the energy turnaround in Germany, conventional power plant capacities that have so far provided these ancillary services will significantly be reduced. Particularly with regard to frequency control and grid operation, it has already become apparent today that high costs can be expected if current practice and market conditions are maintained. The aim of this thesis is to investigate options for a cost-efficient transformation of the electricity system with a focus on the ancillary services frequency control and grid operation. In a first step, the ancillary services and their development in the recent past is addressed. In a second step, the effects of different cooperation between network operators on network operation are investigated. Here it is shown that in the medium term an intensified cooperation on transmission grid operator level has a positive impact on the operation of the grid. In the long term, it is necessary for distribution system operators to cooperate more closely in order to ensure cost-efficient and secure network operation. In a third step, options for the market design of balancing power markets are examined. The results show that it is necessary to make tendering times more flexible so that renewable energies can participate in the markets and, at the same time, more players can participate in these markets. With these adjustments it is possible to significantly reduce the cost of balancing power to levels below those of 2014. Finally, it is examined which market inefficiencies may occur in more flexible balancing markets due to strategic bidding behavior. Especially in the upward markets it can be seen that increasing market inefficiencies are to be expected, which, however, can be limited by increased international cooperation and the participation of renewable energies.
3

Three essays on European electricity markets

Spiridonova, Olga 29 October 2019 (has links)
Diese Dissertation untersucht Fragen, die sich mit dem Einfluss der Übertragungskapazitäten und der Erzeugung erneuerbarer Energien auf dem Strommarkt befassen. Die Arbeit besteht aus drei eigenständigen Aufsätze, die für die politische Debatte einen Beitrag leisten. Das erste Kapitel konzentriert sich auf ein Netzwerk mit strategischen Unternehmen, die die Stromflüsse zu ihrem Vorteil manipulieren können. Dieses Kapitel gehört zur Forschungsliteratur, die Strommärkte als Gleichgewichtsprobleme mit Gleichgewichtseinschränkungen darstellt. In diesem Rahmen vergleiche ich mehrere Strategien zur Stärkung des Wettbewerbs und zeige, dass der Netzausbau zwar den Wettbewerb ankurbeln kann, mit Umstrukturierungen aber größere Verbesserungen des Verbraucherüberschusses und des Wohlstands erzielt werden können. Das zweite Kapitel basiert auf einem ähnlichen Modell mit einem einfachen Zwei-Knoten-Netzwerk. Dieser Ansatz zeigt mögliche nachteilige Auswirkungen (höhere Preise, geringerer Gesamtverbrauch, geringerer Konsumentenrente) einer höheren Einspeisung erneuerbarer Energie in einem Netz, in dem eine Region mit hohem erneuerbaren Potenzial von einer Region mit hoher Last durch eine begrenzte Übertragungskapazität getrennt ist. Die Annahme ist, dass es in jeder Region einen strategischen Akteur gibt, der seine Marktmacht ausübt. Das dritte Kapitel befasst sich mit der Substitution zwischen Übertragungs- und Speicherkapazitäten - beides Instrumente zur Integration von erneuerbarer Energien. Eine Analyse mit einfachen Speicherheuristik zeigt den relativ bescheidenen Effekt des zeitlichen Ausgleichs. Im Gegensatz dazu birgt die Erweiterung des Übertragungsnetzes ein erhebliches Steigerungspotenzial für die Nutzung erneuerbarer Energiequellen, die Verringerung der Kürzungsraten und die Reduzierung der minimalen konventionellen Stromerzeugung. / This thesis investigates several questions related to the influence of transmission capacities and generation of renewable energy on the outcomes in the wholesale electricity markets. The thesis consists of three self-contained essays that contribute to the policy debate. The analysis of the first essay focuses on a network with strategic firms that can manipulate power flows to their advantage. Methodologically, this chapter belongs to the research literature that represents electricity markets as equilibrium problems with equilibrium constraints. In this framework I compare several policies of enhancing competition and demonstrate that although network expansion can stimulate competition, larger improvements in consumer surplus and welfare can be achieved with restructuring. The second essay is based on a similar model, but in a stylized two node network. This approach demonstrates potential adverse effects (higher prices, lower total consumption, lower consumer surplus) from higher renewable infeed in a network where a region with high renewable potential is separated from a region with high load by a limited transmission capacity. I adopt a worst-case assumption that in each region there is a strategic player exercising its market power. The third essay studies the substitution between transmission and storage expansion - two instruments for the integration of expanding renewable energy. Using a myopic storage heuristic I demonstrate the relatively modest effect of temporal balancing of renewable power. In contrast, transmission expansion has a significant potential in increasing renewable penetration, mitigating curtailment rates, and reducing the minimum conventional generation power at any hour. If Europe is to pursue the high targets of renewable power in electricity consumption, the only way to avoid the expansion of cross border lines is extremely high installed renewable capacities and energy capacities of storage.
4

Empirical Evidence for Inefficiencies in European Electricity Markets: Market Power and Barriers to Cross-Border Trade?

Zachmann, Georg 28 January 2009 (has links)
This dissertation applies a variety of quantitative methods to European electricity market data to enable us to detect, understand, and eventually mitigate market imperfections. The empirical data indicate that market power and barriers to cross-border trade partially explain today’s market failures. Briefly, the five key findings of this dissertation are: First, we observe a decoupling between German electricity prices and fuel cost, even though British electricity prices are largely explained by short-run cost factors. Second, we demonstrate that rising prices of European Union emission allowances (EUA) have a greater impact on German wholesale electricity prices than falling EUA prices. Third, we reject the assumption of full integration of European wholesale electricity markets in 2002-2006; for several pairs of countries, the weaker hypothesis of (bilateral) convergence is accepted (i.e. efforts to develop a single European market for electricity have been only partially successful). Fourth, we observe that daily auction prices of scarce cross-border transmission capacities are insufficient to explain the persistence of international price differentials. Empirically, our findings confirm the insufficiency of explicit capacity auctions as stated in the theoretical literature. Fifth, we identify inefficiencies in the market behavior for the interconnector linking France and the United Kingdom (UK), for which several explanations, including market power, may be plausible.
5

Valuing improvements in electricity supply using discrete choice experiments

Sagebiel, Julian 12 April 2017 (has links)
Um Strommärkte so zu konzipieren damit sie sowohl zur Verringerung der Nutzung fossiler Brennstoffe als auch zur Deckung des steigenden Energiebedarfes beitragen, ist Wissen über die Präferenzen der Konsumenten notwendig. Die vorliegende kumulative Dissertation untersucht Präferenzen für Elektrizitätsattribute von privaten Haushalten und trägt zu einem tieferen Verständnis dieser in unterschiedlichen Kontextsituationen bei. Der erste Artikel betrachtet statistische Methoden um die zwei am häufigsten angewandten Modelle – das Random Parameter Logit und das Latent Class Logit Modell – zu vergleichen. Der Artikel trägt dazu bei, den Prozess der Modellwahl zu verbessern und für die angewandte Forschung im Energiebereich anzupassen. Basierend auf den empirischen Ergebnissen des ersten Artikels untersucht der zweite Artikel die Präferenzen von privaten Haushalten in Hyderabad, Indien mit besonderem Fokus auf die physische Qualität der Energieversorgung. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf eine geringe Zahlungsbereitschaft der Konsumenten hin. Jedoch unterscheiden sich die Präferenzen der Haushalte. Die Artikel 3 und 4 basieren auf Datenerhebungen in Deutschland. Im dritten Artikel werden die Präferenzen privater Haushalte hinsichtlich der Organisationsform von Stromanbietern untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Kunden bereit sind mehr zu zahlen, wenn die Stromversorgung von Genossenschaften oder Stadtwerken übernommen wird. Der vierte Artikel betrachtet die Erfolgsfaktoren von Energiegenossenschaften in Deutschland. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Governance des Stromanbieters die Zahlungsbereitschaft für Strom beeinflussen. Insbesondere Genossenschaften werden den großen Privatunternehmen und Aktiengesellschaften vorgezogen. / In order to design electricity markets to simultaneously reduce the share of fossil fuels in energy production and meet the increasing demand for electricity, knowledge on consumer preferences is necessary. The goal of this cumulative dissertation is to contribute to the understanding of preferences of private households for electricity supply attributes in different contexts. In Paper 1 I review statistical methods to compare two frequently applied models, the random parameters logit and the latent class logit. The methods presented here can be readily used by other researchers and practitioners to better understand model performance which ultimately contributes to improving model choice in applied energy research. Based on the empirical findings of Paper 1, Paper 2 identifies preferences of private households in Hyderabad in India for electricity supply quality. The results indicate that willingness to pay for improvements are, on average, rather low. However, the preferences strongly vary between subjects. Papers 3 and 4 investigate preferences of German private households. In \textbf{Paper 3}, the respondents stated their preferences for the organization of the electricity distribution company under different renewable energy scenarios. It turned out that most people are willing to pay more for electricity supplied by municipally-owned companies and cooperatives. This additional willingness to pay increases disproportionally when the share of renewable energy is high. The paper identifies non-profit orientated distribution companies as potential drivers of the energy transition. Paper 4 investigates the determinants for the success of energy cooperatives in Germany. The results indicate that the governance of distribution companies impacts the choices of private households for electricity supply contracts. Especially, people preferred cooperative-like governance attributes.

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