The main objective of this research was to establish a model for emotional intelligence as a determinant of organisational climate. This model should help companies and organisational psychologists to better understand the interrelatedness of the two constructs in order to optimally enhance organisational performance. This research was conducted in a large organisation, utilising a large sample (n = 1 612) of employees in the financial services industry. During the first phase of this research, emotional intelligence was conceptualised from literature research within the trait paradigm and organisational climate as a molar construct. A theoretical model of emotional intelligence as a determinant of organisational climate was developed and suggested a link to organisational output. During the second phase of this research (empirical research), assessment instruments for emotional intelligence (the Gerber Emotional Intelligence Scale) and organisational climate (the High Performance Climate Questionnaire) were developed and validated. Thereafter an assessment instrument for work output was designed to test the link with performance. The structural equation model (SEM) produced a new best-fitting model of emotional intelligence, organisational climate and work output. The model indicates that emotional intelligence does not correlate with work output as expected, but organisational climate does correlates moderately with work output and explains almost 40% of the variance in work output. The strongest influence seems to flow from teamwork and management. The regression weights between emotional intelligence and organisational climate were trivial, although the model fit indices were all within an acceptable range. The researcher attributed the lack of support for the model to the characteristics of the employees of this type of organisation and concluded that emotional intelligence should not be seen as a determinant of organisational climate in this specific financial services sector. The results further indicate that significant differences exist between the organisational climate experiences of four biographical categories (race, position level, age and geographical region) and also for the categories of position level and age for work output. These differences need to be considered when developing future interventions. This research contributes towards a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between emotional intelligence, organisational climate and work output. The three newly developed questionnaires and the SEM could help researchers and practitioners to apply the research model in other industries and subsequently improve organisational outputs. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / D. Comm. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Orientador: Tadeu de Siqueira Barros / Resumo: Esta tese busca entender a estruturação de comunidades de riachos em paisagens modificadas enquanto contabiliza possíveis assincronias entre ambas. Logo, ela questiona os pressupostos de que (i) é necessário incluir características das paisagens passadas para alcançar uma abordagem mais completa dos fatores estruturadores das comunidades atuais e (ii) alternativamente, de que lapsos temporais nas respostas das comunidades devem ser considerados para compreender a total magnitude dos efeitos de uma dada mudança da paisagem. Além disso, são explorados condicionantes relacionados à caracterização do histórico da paisagem, ao tipo de descritor da comunidade e à complexidade do sistema ecológico. Em seu primeiro manuscrito, esta tese confirma tais pressupostos enquanto apresenta o primeiro registro de respostas tardias de insetos aquáticos em região tropical. Nele, eu demonstro que padrões nas comunidades poderiam ser mais bem compreendidos quando o histórico é descrito com mais de uma característica (e.g., média histórica e trajetórias de perda e ganho de cobertura florestal) e que a detecção de respostas tardias varia de acordo com os descritores de comunidades estudados. Em seu segundo manuscrito, um modelo teórico foi testado admitindo múltiplas relações simultâneas e, predominantemente, indiretas para o sistema de estudo. Neste, além daqueles pressupostos, foram confirmados caminhos causais pelos quais a cobertura florestal e usos dos solos estruturam as comunidades. Com os c... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This thesis aims to understand the assembly of stream communities in modified landscapes by accounting for possible asynchronies between the two. In this way, it questions the assumptions that (i) it is necessary to include past landscape characteristics to reach a more complete approach of the structuring factors of current communities, and that (ii), alternatively, one should consider time lags in community responses to encompass the magnitude of the effects of a certain landscape change. In addition, drivers related to the characteristics of landscape history, the type of community descriptor and the complexity of the ecological system are questioned. In its first manuscript, this thesis confirms those assumptions and shows the first record of delayed responses of aquatic insects in the tropical region. In that, I show that patterns in communities could be better understood when landscape history is described with more than one characteristic (e.g., historical mean and loss and gain trajectories of forest cover) and that the detection of delayed responses varies according to the community descriptors. In its second manuscript, a theoretical model was tested admitting multiple simultaneous, and predominantly, indirect relationships in the study system. Then, in addition to the previous assumptions, causal pathways by which forest cover and land uses structure communities were confirmed. With the paths, empirical evidence that aquatic insect community assembling is affected ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

La presente investigación se basó en analizar el impacto de las asociaciones de marca de los clubes de fútbol, tanto peruanos como extranjeros, en la lealtad de marca de los hinchas de Lima Metropolitana durante el año 2018. Se comprende la lealtad como la consecuencia de la interacción secuencial de dos tipos de lealtades: lealtades actitudinales y comportamentales. Asimismo, se pudo observar que el actual problema es que en el Perú son pocos los clubes que aprovechan los atributos y beneficios que estos otorgan al hincha para lograr ser más rentables en la industria futbolística. Por ello, el problema de la investigación fue resuelto mediante el uso de una entrevista en profundidad, Focus Group y la aplicación de cuestionarios al público objetivo correspondiente de la investigación con el fin de recoger la mayor información fiable y lograr un adecuado análisis que permita resolver el problema. Finalmente, los resultados que dejó la investigación sugieren que las asociaciones de marca presentes en los hinchas de clubes de fútbol nacionales y extranjeros no comprenden demasiadas diferencias en cuanto a la lógica en cómo influencian los atributos y beneficios de marca de cada uno de ellos sobre sus distintos niveles de lealtades, sino más bien, sí las comprenden en cuanto a su grado de explicación. Adicionalmente, se brindaron conclusiones respecto al fenómeno y recomendaciones pertinentes para la industria del fútbol peruano y también dirigidos a las empresas que tengan como target de sus estrategias de marketing al público objetivo de los hinchas de fútbol de Lima Metropolitana. / The present investigation was based on analyzing the impact of brand associations of soccer clubs, both Peruvian and foreign, on the brand loyalty of the fans of Lima Metropolitana during the year 2018. Loyalty is understood as the consequence of the sequential interaction of two types of loyalties: attitudinal and behavioral loyalties. Likewise, it could be observed that the current problem is that in Peru there are few clubs that take advantage of the attributes and benefits they give the fan to be more profitable in the football industry. Therefore, the research problem was solved through the use of an in-depth interview, a Focus Group and the application of questionnaires to the corresponding target audience of the research in order to collect the most reliable information and achieve an adequate analysis to resolve the problem. Finally, the results left by the research suggest that brand associations present in fans of national and foreign football clubs do not have too many differences in how they influence the attributes and brand benefits of each of them on their different levels of loyalties, but, rather, they do in terms of their degree of explanation. Additionally, conclusions were provided regarding the phenomenon and recommendations pertinent to the Peruvian soccer industry and also aimed at the companies that have as target of their marketing strategies the target audience of football fans in Lima Metropolitana. / Tesis

O Modelo de Equações Estruturais (MEE) é habitualmente ajustado para realizar uma análise confirmatória sobre as conjecturas de um pesquisador acerca do relacionamento entre as variáveis observadas e latentes de algum estudo. Na prática, a maneira mais recorrente de avaliar a qualidade das estimativas de um MEE é a partir de medidas que buscam mensurar o quanto a usual matriz de covariâncias clássicas ou ordinárias se distancia da matriz de covariâncias do modelo ajustado, ou a magnitude do afastamento entre as funções de discrepância do modelo hipotético e do modelo saturado. Entretanto, elas podem não captar problemas no ajuste quando há muitos parâmetros a estimar ou bastantes observações. A fim de detectar irregularidades no ajustamento resultantes do impacto provocado pela presença de outliers no conjunto de dados, este trabalho contemplou alguns indicadores conhecidos na literatura, como também considerou alterações no Índice da Qualidade do Ajuste (ou GFI, de Goodness-of-Fit Index) e no Índice Corrigido da Qualidade do Ajuste (ou AGFI, de Ajusted Goodness-of-Fit Index), ambos nas expressões para estimação de parâmetros pelo método de Máxima Verossimilhança, que consistiram em substituir a tradicional matriz de covariâncias pelas matrizes de covariâncias computadas com os seguintes estimadores: Elipsoide de Volume Mínimo, Covariância de Determinante Mínimo, S, MM e Gnanadesikan-Kettenring Ortogonalizado (GKO). Através de estudos de simulação sobre perturbações de desvio de simetria e excesso de curtose, em baixa e alta frações de contaminação, em diferentes tamanhos de amostra e quantidades de variáveis observadas afetadas, foi possível constatar que as propostas de modificação do GFI e do AGFI adaptadas pelo estimador GKO foram as únicas que conseguiram ser informativas em todas essas situações, devendo-se escolher a primeira ou a segunda respectivamente quando a quantidade de parâmetros a serem estimados é baixa ou elevada. / The Structural Equation Model (SEM) is usually set to perform a confirmatory analysis on the assumptions of a researcher about the relationship between the observed variables and the latent variables of such a study. In practice, the most iterant way of evaluating the quality of the estimates of a SEM comes either from procedures of measuring how distant the usual classic or ordinary covariance matrix is from the covariance matrix of the adjusted model, or from the magnitude of the hiatus in discrepancy functions of both the hypothetical model and the saturated model. Nevertheless, they may fail to capture problems in the adjustment in the occurrence of either several parameters to estimate or several observations. This study included indicators known in the literature in order to detect irregularities in the adjustment resulting from the impact caused by the presence of outliers in the data set. This study has also considered changes in both the Goodness-of-Fit Index (GFI) and the Adjusted Goodness-of-Fit Index (AGFI) in the expressions for parameter estimation by Maximum Likelihood method, which consisted in replacing the traditional covariance matrix by the robust covariance matrices computed through the following estimators: Minimum Volume Ellipsoid, Minimum Covariance Determinant, S, MM and Orthogonalized Gnanadesikan-Kettenring (OGK). Through simulation studies on disturbances of both symmetry deviations and excess kurtosis in both low and high fractions of contamination in different sample sizes and quantities of affected observed variables it has become clear that the proposals of modification of both the GFI and the AGFI adapted by the OGK estimator were the only ones able to be informative in all these situations. It must be considered that GFI or AGFI must be used when the number of parameters to be estimated is either low or high, respectively.

L’objet de cette thèse est l’analyse de l’innovation à partir des connaissances autour de l’approche Knowledge-Based Innovation (KBI) qui décrit l’innovation à travers le prisme de la connaissance. L’innovation s’apparente, foncièrement, à un processus de création, d’application et de diffusion de différents types de connaissances. Cette recherche se focalise sur la phase cognitive de l’innovation dont l’ancrage choisi a été celui d’une approche par les capacités. Nous cherchons alors à identifier les capacités organisationnelles qui sous-tendent l’innovation en amont et à expliquer comment ces capacités s’articulent pour favoriser l’innovation à partir des connaissances. A la lumière des développements théoriques effectués, nous avons élaboré notre modèle conceptuel de recherche qui consacre le rôle médiateur de la capacité d’absorption.La démarche méthodologique appliquée est qualimétrique. Deux études empiriques ont été menées. La première est qualitative, basée sur des entretiens exploratoires. Elle a permis, dans un premier temps, de décrire et d’illustrer les relations étudiées, et dans un second temps, d’affiner nos interrogations et de les enrichir par deux nouvelles propositions de recherche. La deuxième étude est quantitative. Elle s’est basée sur l’administration du questionnaire conçu, à des entreprises françaises œuvrant majoritairement dans le secteur industriel. Cette étude, basée sur la méthode des équations structurelles, a validé globalement le modèle développé en affirmant la médiation partielle de la capacité d’absorption, mais elle a rejeté, toutefois, l’existence de relations entre les investissements en R&D et la capacité d’absorption. / The purpose of this thesis is the analysis of the Knowledge-Based Innovation (KBI) which describes innovation through the prism of knowledge approach. Innovation seems essentially like a process of creation, application and dissemination of different types of knowledge. This research focuses on the cognitive phase of innovation explained according to a capability approach. We seek to identify organizational capabilities that sustain innovation and to explain how these capabilities are linked to promote innovation based on knowledge. We developed then a conceptual model that establishes the mediating role of absorptive capacity.Our methodology is based on two empirical studies. The first is qualitative, based on exploratory interviews. It enabled to illustrate the studied relationships, to refine our questions and to enrich the conceptual model with two new research proposals. The second study is quantitative. It is based on the administration of the questionnaire designed for French companies which operate mainly in the industrial sector. This study, based on a structural equation method, validated the overall developed model. It asserted the partial mediation of the absorption capacity. However the existence of relationships between investment in R&D and absorptive capacity was rejected

Selon la théorie de l'escalade, l'usage de tabac ou d'alcool est associé à l'usage de cannabis, qui peut lui-même conduire à l'usage d’autres drogues illicites (ADI). L'objectif de notre étude était de décrire les transitions entres usages de drogues licites, de cannabis et d’ADI. Les données de deux enquêtes en population générale (ESCAPAD pour l’adolescent et Baromètre santé pour l’adulte jeune (année 2005)) ont été utilisées. Les âges rapportés d’initiation des différentes substances ont permis de définir les étapes d’usages. L’analyse des transitions entre substances a été réalisée grâce aux modèles structuraux et aux modèles multi-états de Markov en prenant en compte certains cofacteurs. Les données recueillies ont permis de décrire un processus d'usage de substances partant des drogues licites et menant vers les ADI via le cannabis. Ces résultats étaient compatibles avec la théorie de l'escalade décrite par Kandel en 1975 et étaient renforcés par certains critères : force/stabilité des associations, effet dose-réponse, cohérence avec la littérature et relation temporelle. La théorie qui se dégage de nos travaux pourrait être celle d’opportunités en chaîne, l’apprentissage de la première substance psychoactive étant conditionné à son accessibilité et susceptible d’offrir des opportunités ultérieures d’usages d’autres substances. Il est cependant important de souligner que la théorie de l’escalade, si elle semble correspondre à la majorité des séquences d’usages observées, est actuellement remise en question par certains auteurs qui lui préfèrent l’idée d’un facteur de vulnérabilité commun aux addictions. / According to Gateway theory, tobacco or alcohol uses may lead to cannabis use, which may itself lead to initiation with other illicit drugs (OID). The aim of this study was to study the transitions between use of licit drugs, cannabis and OID. Data from two large population-based surveys (ESCAPAD for adolescents and Baromètre santé for young adults (year 2005)) were used. Self-reported ages at initiation of several substance uses permitted to define different stages of use. The analyses of transition between uses were performed using structural equation models and Markov multi-states models, taking into account some cofactors. Results of this study permitted to describe a drug use stage process, mediated by cannabis and susceptible to lead to OID use. These results were in accordance with the Gateway theory described by Kandel in 1975 and satisfied to some criteria: strength and stability of associations, dose-response trend, coherence with previous research and temporal relation. The theory which emerge from our research could be a “string of opportunities”, OID experiment being a consequence of initial opportunity to use the more accessible illicit drug, cannabis. However, it is important to mention that the Gateway theory, despite compatible with the majority of sequences of uses observed, is presently questioned by some authors which prefer the theory of a common vulnerability factor to addictions.

O Modelo de Equações Estruturais (MEE) é habitualmente ajustado para realizar uma análise confirmatória sobre as conjecturas de um pesquisador acerca do relacionamento entre as variáveis observadas e latentes de algum estudo. Na prática, a maneira mais recorrente de avaliar a qualidade das estimativas de um MEE é a partir de medidas que buscam mensurar o quanto a usual matriz de covariâncias clássicas ou ordinárias se distancia da matriz de covariâncias do modelo ajustado, ou a magnitude do afastamento entre as funções de discrepância do modelo hipotético e do modelo saturado. Entretanto, elas podem não captar problemas no ajuste quando há muitos parâmetros a estimar ou bastantes observações. A fim de detectar irregularidades no ajustamento resultantes do impacto provocado pela presença de outliers no conjunto de dados, este trabalho contemplou alguns indicadores conhecidos na literatura, como também considerou alterações no Índice da Qualidade do Ajuste (ou GFI, de Goodness-of-Fit Index) e no Índice Corrigido da Qualidade do Ajuste (ou AGFI, de Ajusted Goodness-of-Fit Index), ambos nas expressões para estimação de parâmetros pelo método de Máxima Verossimilhança, que consistiram em substituir a tradicional matriz de covariâncias pelas matrizes de covariâncias computadas com os seguintes estimadores: Elipsoide de Volume Mínimo, Covariância de Determinante Mínimo, S, MM e Gnanadesikan-Kettenring Ortogonalizado (GKO). Através de estudos de simulação sobre perturbações de desvio de simetria e excesso de curtose, em baixa e alta frações de contaminação, em diferentes tamanhos de amostra e quantidades de variáveis observadas afetadas, foi possível constatar que as propostas de modificação do GFI e do AGFI adaptadas pelo estimador GKO foram as únicas que conseguiram ser informativas em todas essas situações, devendo-se escolher a primeira ou a segunda respectivamente quando a quantidade de parâmetros a serem estimados é baixa ou elevada. / The Structural Equation Model (SEM) is usually set to perform a confirmatory analysis on the assumptions of a researcher about the relationship between the observed variables and the latent variables of such a study. In practice, the most iterant way of evaluating the quality of the estimates of a SEM comes either from procedures of measuring how distant the usual classic or ordinary covariance matrix is from the covariance matrix of the adjusted model, or from the magnitude of the hiatus in discrepancy functions of both the hypothetical model and the saturated model. Nevertheless, they may fail to capture problems in the adjustment in the occurrence of either several parameters to estimate or several observations. This study included indicators known in the literature in order to detect irregularities in the adjustment resulting from the impact caused by the presence of outliers in the data set. This study has also considered changes in both the Goodness-of-Fit Index (GFI) and the Adjusted Goodness-of-Fit Index (AGFI) in the expressions for parameter estimation by Maximum Likelihood method, which consisted in replacing the traditional covariance matrix by the robust covariance matrices computed through the following estimators: Minimum Volume Ellipsoid, Minimum Covariance Determinant, S, MM and Orthogonalized Gnanadesikan-Kettenring (OGK). Through simulation studies on disturbances of both symmetry deviations and excess kurtosis in both low and high fractions of contamination in different sample sizes and quantities of affected observed variables it has become clear that the proposals of modification of both the GFI and the AGFI adapted by the OGK estimator were the only ones able to be informative in all these situations. It must be considered that GFI or AGFI must be used when the number of parameters to be estimated is either low or high, respectively.

線性結構關係模式是一種考慮以多個直線方程式來分析處理變數間因果關 係的統計方法，其結合了因徑分析及因素分析之優點並將之融合於整體模 式中。線性結構關係模式經過參數估計後，需評估整個模式之好壞，因此 許多學者嘗試提出一些評估模式好壞的適合度指標，如一般常用的卡方檢 定、殘差均方根、適合度指標、調整後適合度指標以及基準指標等。這些 指標中有的指標會受到樣本數大小或樣本分布的影響，有些指標受模式隱 藏變數多寡或因素指標多寡的影響，有些指標需有嚴格的條件（如樣本需 服從常態分布）及前提方可適用，且有些指標的分布是未知的，因此欲對 這些指標進行區間估計、假設檢定、或顯著性差異比較是不可能的。基於 上述各種適合度指標的缺點，本論文利用拔靴法進行重抽樣求得拔靴分布 來解決上述各種問題。然而傳統的拔靴法在線性結構關係模式上是不適用 的，因此，再提出一改良拔靴法程序，求得拔靴分布來做為評估模式好壞 的依據，並利用改良拔靴法來做巢狀模式之顯著性差異比較及利用抽樣誤 差和非抽樣誤差觀念來評估模式適合度。

隨著資訊科技的發達，差勤管理已邁向E化。本研究為瞭解對差勤電子表單系統的接受行為，進一步探討影響使用者接受與使用的關鍵因素。在文獻回顧後，選擇以具有整合性質的科技接受與使用整合理論(UTAUT)為理論基礎，加上知覺易用性及知覺有用性模式若干構面，並配合消防局勤務特殊性及目前差勤電子表單系統(Webitr)使用情形建立研究架構。 本研究以臺北市政府消防局全體同仁為研究對象，經由問卷調查蒐集資料，於100年2月下旬發出635份問卷，於2週後收回，有效問卷總計482份。再以結構方程模式進行驗證性因素分析、路徑分析和調節變數分析檢驗模式適用性，並驗證研究假設與理論作對照。 經由資料分析得到結果如下： 一、預期績效對使用差勤電子表單系統的意圖有正向的直接影響，且受到性別和年齡的調節影響，至於勤務性質則無調節作用。又女性及年輕者受到調節作用比男性及年長者顯著。 二、預期付出對使用差勤電子表單系統的意圖有正向的直接影響，且受到年齡的調節影響，惟調節效果不明顯。至於性別和使用經驗則無調節作用。 三、有利條件對使用差勤電子表單系統的意圖有正向的直接影響，且受到勤務性質和使用經驗的調節影響，至於年齡則無調節作用。又外勤與使用經驗多者受到調節作用比內勤及無使用經驗者顯著。 四、工作相關對差勤電子表單系統的預期績效有負向的直接影響。 五、結果明顯性對差勤電子表單系統的預期績效有正向的直接影響。 六、自我效能對差勤電子表單系統的預期付出有正向的直接影響。 七、焦慮對差勤電子表單系統的預期付出有負向的直接影響。 因此本研究建議管理者在實質方面，推行初期加強教育訓練、增加駐點輔導員或是相關輔助，以減少同仁使用該系統發生錯誤機率，有助於減少同仁的疑慮不安和抗拒心理，並致力於提高使用者對系統的熟練度，尤其是對男性及年長者；在心理方面，加強差勤電子表單系統的行銷，使同仁對系統有正面接受度。對於系統設計建議，差勤電子表單系統的介面應簡單易操作，並融入娛樂性互動效果，產製的報表也應力求簡明易懂，使結果易呈現。而最重要也是最基礎的一點，引入系統前應先確認是否具有充分的電腦設備、便利的網路環境等資源，並盡量化解與原先作業環境的衝突因素，尤其是外勤單位。 / Along with the development of information technology, the management of staff’s attendance has electronized. The author tries to figure out what are the determinants of acceptance and use of the electronic form system of staff’s attendance. After reference review, the study proposes a model that bases on Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), and modifies the model by the constructs of Usefulness perception (U) and Ease of Use perception (EOU). Moreover, the model contains several variables according to the specifics of duty in Taipei City Fire Department and the implements of the electronic form system of staff’s attendance. The study is conducted among colleagues in Taipei City Fire Department using the electronic form system of staff’s attendance: Webitr. There are 635 questionnaires provided and reclaimed after 2 weeks on the end of Faburary. There are total 482 questionnaires valid. The result of confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis analysis and other analysis suggests that: (1) Performance expectancy has sifnificant positive influence on use intention, and the influence is moderated by gender and age but not the duty. Such the effect of moderation is stronger for the female and the younger than the male and the elder. (2) Effort expectancy has sifnificant positive influence on use intention, and the influence isn’t moderated by age, gender or experience. (3) Facilitating conditions has sifnificant positive influence on use intention, and the influence is moderated by duty and experience but not the age. Such the effect of moderation is stronger for the outside worker and those with increasing experience. (4) Job relevance has sifnificant negative influence on performance expectancy. (5) Result demonstrability has sifnificant positive influence on performance expectancy. (6) Self-efficacy has sifnificant positive influence on effort expectancy. (7) Anxiety has sifnificant negative influence on effort expectancy. According to the results of the study, the author suggests that the administrator should enhance the education and training and increase instructors or other assistance in the early stage to reduce anxiety and resistance of users; and make users be familied with the system, especially for men and the elder. Meanwhile, the administrator should boost the system to increase the positive attitudes of users. The author also suggests that the system designers should devotes to make ease to use. Moreover, inoder to increase the pleasure, the system designers can intergrate the effects of interaction. The first of all, make sure that there are sufficient facilities and compatible conditions before the induction of the system, especially for outside worker.

The use of computer modeling is fast increasing in almost every scientific, engineering and business arena. This dissertation investigates some challenging issues in design, modeling and analysis of computer experiments, which will consist of four major parts. In the first part, a new approach is developed to combine data from approximate and detailed simulations to build a surrogate model based on some stochastic models. In the second part, we propose some Bayesian hierarchical Gaussian process models to integrate data from different types of experiments. The third part concerns the development of latent variable models for computer experiments with multivariate response with application to data center temperature modeling. The last chapter is devoted to the development of nested space-filling designs for multiple experiments with different levels of accuracy.