O Sistema Especialista SISTEMAT foi construído com o objetivo de auxiliar os pesquisadores da área de produtos naturais na tarefa de determinação estrutural, estendendo-se também ao químico orgânico sintético. Seus programas aplicativos fornecem propostas de esqueletos fazendo uso dos dados de diversas técnicas espectrométricas, sendo que a espectrometria de ressonância magnética nuclear de 13C tem um papel de destaque entre as demais. Este trabalho descreve a utilização do SISTEMAT como uma ferramenta auxiliar na determinação estrutural de substâncias pertencentes às subclasses dos alcalóides quinolínicos, quinolizidínicos, aporfínicos, benzilisoquinolínicos, isoquinolínicos, pirrolizidínicos, acridônicos e indólicos. Para a realização deste trabalho foi construído um banco de dados contendo 1182 alcalóides, sendo todos coletados da literatura. Nestes 1182 alcalóides, estão presentes 1156 espectros de RMN 13C, 354 espectros de RMN 1H, 320 espectros de massas e as substâncias de origem vegetal estão distribuídos em 49 Famílias, 164 Gêneros e 260 Espécies. Os testes realizados forneceram bons percentuais de acertos para o reconhecimento de esqueletos. Outro programa utilizado neste trabalho foi o de redes neurais artificiais. As redes foram treinadas para auxiliar na determinação estrutural dos alcalóides aporfínicos, fornecendo a probabilidade de uma determinada substância pertencer ao esqueleto pesquisado. Para utilização das redes neurais foi construída uma planilha com os deslocamentos químicos de RMN 13C, de 165 alcalóides aporfínicos, pertencentes a 12 esqueletos diferentes. A rede forneceu ótimos resultados, classificando os esqueletos com alto grau de confiabilidade. / The Expert System SISTEMAT was built with the objective of aiding the researchers of the area of natural products in the task of structural determination, also extending to the synthetic organic chemist. Their applications programs supply proposed of skeletons making use of the data of several techniques spectrometrics, and the 13C NMR has a main paper among the others. This work describes the use of SISTEMAT as an auxiliary tool in the structural determination of substances belonging to the underclass of the alkaloids quinoline, quinolizidine, aporphine, benzylisoquinoline, isoquinoline, pyrrolizidine, acridone and indoles. For the accomplishment of this work a database was built containing 1182 alkaloids, being all collected of the literature. In these 1182 alkaloids, are present 1156 spectra of 13C NMR, 354 spectra of RMN 1:00, 320 spectra of masses and the substances of botanical origin are distributed in 49 Families, 164 Genders and 260 Species. They were accomplished around 100 tests, of which 30 are presented in this thesis. These tests supplied good percentile of the successes for the recognition of skeletons. Another program used in this work the one of nets artificial neurais, in which the nets were trained to aid in the structural determination of the aporphine alkaloids was, supplying the probability of a certain substance to belong to the researched skeleton. For use of the nets neurais a spreadsheet was built with the chemical displacements of 13C NMR, of 165 aporphine alkaloids, belonging to 12 different skeletons. The net supplied great results, classifying the skeletons with high reliability degree.

O Sistema Especialista SISTEMAT foi construído com o objetivo de auxiliar os pesquisadores da área de produtos naturais na tarefa de determinação estrutural, estendendo-se também ao químico orgânico sintético. Seus programas aplicativos fornecem propostas de esqueletos fazendo uso dos dados de diversas técnicas espectrométricas, sendo que a espectrometria de ressonância magnética nuclear de 13C tem um papel de destaque entre as demais. Este trabalho descreve a utilização do SISTEMAT como uma ferramenta auxiliar na determinação estrutural de substâncias pertencentes às subclasses dos alcalóides quinolínicos, quinolizidínicos, aporfínicos, benzilisoquinolínicos, isoquinolínicos, pirrolizidínicos, acridônicos e indólicos. Para a realização deste trabalho foi construído um banco de dados contendo 1182 alcalóides, sendo todos coletados da literatura. Nestes 1182 alcalóides, estão presentes 1156 espectros de RMN 13C, 354 espectros de RMN 1H, 320 espectros de massas e as substâncias de origem vegetal estão distribuídos em 49 Famílias, 164 Gêneros e 260 Espécies. Os testes realizados forneceram bons percentuais de acertos para o reconhecimento de esqueletos. Outro programa utilizado neste trabalho foi o de redes neurais artificiais. As redes foram treinadas para auxiliar na determinação estrutural dos alcalóides aporfínicos, fornecendo a probabilidade de uma determinada substância pertencer ao esqueleto pesquisado. Para utilização das redes neurais foi construída uma planilha com os deslocamentos químicos de RMN 13C, de 165 alcalóides aporfínicos, pertencentes a 12 esqueletos diferentes. A rede forneceu ótimos resultados, classificando os esqueletos com alto grau de confiabilidade. / The Expert System SISTEMAT was built with the objective of aiding the researchers of the area of natural products in the task of structural determination, also extending to the synthetic organic chemist. Their applications programs supply proposed of skeletons making use of the data of several techniques spectrometrics, and the 13C NMR has a main paper among the others. This work describes the use of SISTEMAT as an auxiliary tool in the structural determination of substances belonging to the underclass of the alkaloids quinoline, quinolizidine, aporphine, benzylisoquinoline, isoquinoline, pyrrolizidine, acridone and indoles. For the accomplishment of this work a database was built containing 1182 alkaloids, being all collected of the literature. In these 1182 alkaloids, are present 1156 spectra of 13C NMR, 354 spectra of RMN 1:00, 320 spectra of masses and the substances of botanical origin are distributed in 49 Families, 164 Genders and 260 Species. They were accomplished around 100 tests, of which 30 are presented in this thesis. These tests supplied good percentile of the successes for the recognition of skeletons. Another program used in this work the one of nets artificial neurais, in which the nets were trained to aid in the structural determination of the aporphine alkaloids was, supplying the probability of a certain substance to belong to the researched skeleton. For use of the nets neurais a spreadsheet was built with the chemical displacements of 13C NMR, of 165 aporphine alkaloids, belonging to 12 different skeletons. The net supplied great results, classifying the skeletons with high reliability degree.

Thirteen new dinuclear complexes of ligand 2,6-bis[(N-methylpiperazine-1- yl)methyl]-4-formyl phenol (L1) were prepared. Copper(II) and palladium(II) salts were used for the syntheses. Following compounds were prepared: [Cu2L1(CH3COO)2]ClO4, [Cu2L1(CF3COO)2(ClO4)][Cu2L1(CF3COO)2]ClO4, [Pd2L1(CH3COO)3], [Pd2L1(CF3COO)3], [Pd2L1(Cl)4]. These ones should act as anion receptors. The acetates were exchanged for phenylphosphinates in the case of the complex cation [Cu2L1(CH3COO)2]+ and the structure of [Cu2L1(phPO2H)2]ClO4 was obtained. Geometry of coordination shell of Cu2+ - ions in prepared complexes is tetragonal pyramid. The UV-VIS spectroscopy was used for study of interactions in system of the ligand - metal - anion. Interactions between the ligand and metals in oxidation state 2 were observed as well as interactions between the complex [Cu2L1(CH3COO)2]ClO4 and sodium salts.

Ce manuscrit présente nos travaux de recherches réalisés sur : i) des éponges marines de Méditerranée (Phorbas tenacior) et des DOM-TOM (Niphates sp. et Clathria rugosa), sélectionnées sur la base des propriétés biologiques préliminaires réalisées sur les extraits bruts, de l’originalité des métabolites, et/ou de l’absence d’étude chimique antérieure de l’espèce ; ii) la synthèse et l’évaluation des propriétés biocides d’analogues de la viscosaline, molécule de type 3-alkylpyridinium aux propriétés antibactériennes et antisalissures faiblement valorisées. L’étude de l’éponge calédonienne Niphates sp. a conduit à l’isolement des népheliosynes A et B, deux polyacétylènes polyhydroxylés avec des cytotoxicités modérées. Les anchinopeptolides B-D, inhibiteurs sélectifs des kinases GSK-3 et PfGSK-3, ont été isolés de Phorbas tenacior, ainsi que la phorbasoïne, un alcaloïde nouveau avec un coeur hydantoïne. Enfin, la première étude chimique de Clathria rugosa a conduit à l’isolement d’un nouveau macrolide, le Clathriolide, un métabolite secondaire cytotoxique vis-à-vis de nombreuses lignées cellulaires tumorales. Chacun des métabolites isolés a fait l’objet d’une étude structurale et biologique poussée. Une stratégie de synthèse originale d’analogues structuraux de la viscosaline a été mise au point. Les dérivés obtenus possèdent d’excellentes activités antibactériennes et antisalissures ainsi que des activités antitumorales modérées. / This manuscript deals with : i) marine sponges from the Mediterranean Sea (Phorbas tenacior) and New Caledonia (Niphates sp. and Clathria rugosa), selected for their biological activities conduced on their crude extract, the originality of produced secondary metabolites and the absence of previous chemical studies ii) the synthesis and the antibacterial properties of analogues of viscosaline. Viscosaline is a 3-alkylpyridinium secondary metabolites which exhibited interesting antibacterial and antifouling properties. The study of the New Caledonian marine sponge Niphates sp. led to the isolation of nepheliosynes Aand B, two polyhydroxylated polyacetylenic acids which exhibited moderate cytotoxic properties. The anchinopeptolides B-D, selective inhibitors of GSK-3 and PfGSK-3 kinases, have been isolated from Phorbas tenacior along with the new alkaloid phorbasoïne. Finally, the first study of the New Caledonian sponge Clathria rugosa let to the isolation of new macrolide, clathriolide, which exhibited cytotoxic properties. The structures and biological properties of each metabolite have been extensively studied in this work. An original synthesis of analogues of viscosaline had been developed. All the derivatives showed excellent antibacterial and antifouling properties, and moderate antitumoral activities.

Die vorliegende Dissertation präsentiert eine detaillierte quantenchemische Untersuchung der H-Abstraktion von Methan durch MgO und Li dotiertes MgO. Motiviert wurde die durch das UniCat-Excellenz-Cluster, welches sich zum Ziel gesetzt hat, die oxidative Kupplung von Methan (OCM) im Detail zu verstehen. Basierend auf der Hypothese, dass Li+O•– Spezies für den H-Abstraktion Schritt verantwortlich sind, wurden kleine kationische MgO- und Li dotierte MgO-Cluster (die O•– Sites modellieren) untersucht. Zur Erstellung von möglichst realen Gasphasen-Modell-Systemen, wurde die globalen Minima der Gasphasencluster mittels eines genetischen Algorithmus bestimmt. Zum Vergleich wurden auch die Strukturen von neutralen MgO-Cluster bestimmt, um eventuelle strukturelle Unterschiede zu erkennen. Anschließend wurden die optimierten Cluster in Bezug auf ihre Eignung zur C-H-Bindungsaktivierung von Methan untersucht. Die Verwendung von kleinen Cluster-Größen ermöglicht es, die Reaktion im Detail zu studieren und verschiedene Methoden der Berechnung zu vergleichen. Die Ergebnisse für die kleinen Cluster wurden anschließend mit realistischeren Modellen verglichen, die eine genauere Beschreibung der Li dotierten Oberflächen ermöglichen, wie zum Beispiel non-embedded und embedded-Cluster und slab Modelle. Unerwartete Ergebnisse für die Betrachtung der Li+O•– Spezies haben zur Untersuchung von zusätzliche Arten von Defekten in MgO (wie niedrig koordinierten O2-Seiten, O-Leerstellen mit unterschiedlicher Ladung und Verunreinigungen) geführt, die als aktive Zentren in OCM fungieren können. Insbesondere wurden morphologische Defekte und verschiedene Arten von F Zentren untersucht. Die Aktivierung von Methan an defekten MgO-Oberflächen wurde innerhalb eines Cluster-Ansatzes untersucht und durch periodische Berechnungen mittels periodic slab models verifiziert. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit vorhandenen experimentellen Daten verglichen. / This work presents a detailed quantum chemical (mostly DFT) study of H abstraction from methane by MgO and Li doped MgO. It is motivated by the UniCat effort to understand the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM). Based on the hypothesis that an Li+O•– species is responsible for the H abstraction step in OCM small cationic MgO and Li doped MgO clusters (which model O•– sites) were investigated. Because we were interested in real gas phase model systems the global minimum structures of (MgO)n+ and LiO(MgO)n-1 clusters were first determined (by means of genetic algorithm) and then used in subsequent reactivity studies. To check if there are any structural differences between neutral and cationic MgO clusters the neutral species were studied as well. After structure determination, the activation of methane by the O•– radical sites was investigated. The small cluster sizes enabled to study the reaction in detail and to compare different methods of calculations. The results were verified by comparison with more realistic models that mimic Li doped MgO surface, like non-embedded and embedded clusters and slab models. However, unexpected results for the Li+O•– sites led to the consideration of additional types of sites in MgO that may be active for OCM – such as low-coordinated O2- sites, O vacancies with different charge and impurity defects. In particular morphological defects and different types of F centers were investigated. Methane activation by defective MgO surface was studied by a cluster approach and then followed by periodic calculations on periodic slab models. The results were compared to existing experimental data.

O trabalho aqui desenvolvido teve como objeto o estudo estrutural e funcional de várias proteínas do fitopatógeno Xanthomonas axonopodis pv citri (Xac), dentre as quais se destacam as proteínas hipotéticas conservadas YaeQ e SufE, as proteínas RpfC, RpfF e RpfG envolvidas em quorum sensing e proteínas PilZ, FimX e PilB envolvidas na biogênese do pilus tipo IV. Para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho foram utilizadas diferentes técnicas incluindo: clonagem, expressão, purificação, desnaturação térmica, cristalografia, difração de raios-X, RMN, ensaios de 2-híbrido, produção de nocautes, mutação sítio dirigida, Western- e Far- Western, entre outras. Dentre os resultados mais importantes obtidos temos a determinação estrutural das proteínas YaeQ e PilZ pela técnica MAD. Em ambos os casos, as estruturas representaram topologias inéditas. Com base nos dados estruturais, mostramos que YaeQ pertence à família PD-(D/E)XK presente em endonucleases dependentes de magnésio, e a partir de ensaios funcionais obtivemos evidências que sugerem que YaeQ está envolvida em alguma via de reparo de DNA em Xac. A estrutura tridimensional de PilZ revelou uma inesperada variedade estrutural dentro da família PilZ e mostrou de forma clara porque ortólogos não interagem com o segundo mensageiro bacteriano, c-diGMP. A cadeia principal de PilZ foi assinalada por RMN e a estrutura secundária de PilZ em solução é consistente com aquela determinada por cristalografia. Duas proteínas que interagem com PilZ foram identificadas: PilB e FimX. Como PilZ, ambos exercem papéis na biogênese do pilus tipo IV (T4P). Mostramos que PilZ interage especificamente com o domínio EAL de FimX e que resíduos conservados na região do C-terminal de PilZ estão envolvidos na interação com PilB, mas não com FimX. Ensaios de mutação sítio dirigida mostraram que a Y22 de PilZ pode estar envolvida na regulação da interação de PilZ com FimX e com PilB. Apesar de PilZ não interagir com c-diGMP seu parceiro, FimX, interage. PilZ consegue interagir com PilB ao mesmo tempo em que interage com FimX, formando um complexo ternário que é independente da interação de FimX com c-diGMP. Com base em todos estes resultados propusemos possíveis mecanismos de ação de PilZ e FimX no controle da biogênese do T4P. Além dos resultados acima descritos, determinamos a estrutura de SufE e mostramos que esta aumenta a atividade cisteína dessulfarase de seu parceiro, SufS, em torno de 10 vezes, como ocorre com SufE-SufS de E.coli. Clonamos, expressamos, purificamos e fizemos ensaios de cristalização de algumas proteínas envolvidas no controle de quorum sensing em Xac. Tivemos êxito na cristalização do domínio HPT (histidina fosfotransferase) da proteína chave deste sistema, RpfC / The aim of the project was to perform structural and functional studies of different Xanthomonas axonopodis pv citri (Xac) proteins including the hypothetical proteins YaeQ and SufE; RpfC, RpfF and RpfG involved in the quorum sensing and PilZ, FimX and PilB that play roles in type IV pilus (T4P) biogenesis. Several experimental techniques were employed including cloning, expression and purification of recombinant proteins, thermal denaturation, protein crystallography, X-ray diffraction, NMR, two-hybrid assays, Western- and Far-Western Blotting assays, site direct mutagenesis, and the production of Xac knockouts strains. The most important results include the determination of the three-dimensional crystal structures of PilZ and YaeQ using the MAD technique. In both cases, the structures reveled new protein topologies. The comparison of the YaeQ structure with others deposited in public databases revealed that YaeQ proteins represent a new variation within the PD-(D/E)XK magnesium dependent endonucleases superfamily. Functional assays suggest that YaeQ may be envolved in DNA repair in Xac. The PilZ three-dimensional structure revealed an unexpected structural variation within the PilZ domain superfamily and showed why PilZ orthologs are not able to bind the important bacterial second messenger, c-diGMP. We assigned the PilZ main chain by NMR and used this information to demonstrate that the PilZ secondary structure in solution is consistent with the PilZ crystal structure. We identified two proteins that interact with PilZ: PilB and FimX. As with PilZ, both PilB and FimX are involved in T4P biogenesis. PilZ binds specifically to the EAL domain of FimX and the conserved residues located in the PilZ unstructured C-terminal region contribute to binding with PilB but not with FimX. Site direct mutagenesis studies showed that PilZ residue Y22 is necessary for its capability to interact with both PilB and FimX. Although PilZ does not bind c-diGMP, her partner, FimX, does. We present evidence that PilZ can bind simultaneously to FimX and PilB, forming a ternary complex that is independent of c-diGMP. These results allow us to propose possible mechanisms by which PilZ and FimX control T4P biogenesis. Other results obtained during this period include the resolution of the crystal structure of the SufE protein from Xac using the molecular replacement technique. We show that SufE induces a 10-fold increase in the cysteine desulfurase activity of SufS, similar to that observed for the SufE-SufS complex from E. coli. Several proteins involved in quorum sensing and c-di-GMP signaling were cloned, expressed and submitted to crystallization trials. Crystals of the HPT (histidine phophotransferase) domain) of the RpfC sensor histidine kinase were obtained

Aluminas have had some form of chemical and industrial use throughout history. For little over a century corundum (α-Al2O3) has been the most widely used and known of the aluminas. The emerging metastable aluminas, including the γ, δ, η, θ, κ, β, and χ polymorphs, have been growing in importance. In particular, γ-Al2O3 has received wide attention, with established use as a catalyst and catalyst support, and growing application in wear abrasives, structural composites, and as part of burner systems in miniature power supplies. It is also growing in importance as part of the feedstock for aluminium production in order to affect both the adsorption of hydrogen fluoride and the feedstock solubility in the electrolytic solution. However, much ambiguity surrounds the precise structure of γ-Al2O3. Without proper knowledge of the structure, understanding the properties, dynamics and applications will always be less than optimal. The aim of this research was to contribute towards settling this ambiguity. This work was achieved through extensive computer simulations of the structure, based on interatomic potentials with refinements of promising structures using density functional theory (DFT), and a wide range of supporting experiments. In addition to providing a more realistic representation of the structure, this research has also served to advance knowledge of the evolution of the structure with changing temperature and make new insights regarding the location of hydrogen in γ-Al2O3. / Both the molecular modelling and Rietveld refinements of neutron diffraction data showed that the traditional cubic spinel-based structure models, based on m Fd3 space group symmetry, do not accurately describe the defect structure of γ-Al2O3. A more accurate description of the structure was provided using supercells of the cubic and tetragonal unit cells with a significant number of cations on c symmetry positions. These c symmetry based structures exhibited diffraction patterns that were characteristic of γ-Al2O3. The first three chapters of this Thesis provide a review of the literature. Chapter One provides a general introduction, describing the uses and importance of the aluminas and the problems associated with determining the structure of γ-Al2O3. Chapter Two details the research that has been conducted on the structure of vi γ-Al2O3 historically. Chapter Three describes the major principles behind the computational methods employed in this research. In Chapter Four, the specific experimental and computational techniques used to investigate the structure of γ-Al2O3 are described. All preparation conditions and parameters used are provided. Chapter Five describes the methodology employed in computational and experimental research. The examination of the ~ 1.47 billion spinel-based structural possibilities of γ-Al2O3, described using supercells, and the selection of ~ 122,000 candidates for computer simulation, is detailed. This chapter also contains a case study of the structure of κ-Al2O3, used to investigate the applicability of applying interatomic potentials to solving complex structures, where many possibilities are involved, and to develop a systematic procedure of computational investigation that could be applied to γ-Al2O3. Chapters Six to Nine present and discuss the results from the experimental studies. / Preliminary heating trials, performed to determine the appropriate preparation conditions for obtaining a highly crystalline boehmite precursor and an appropriate calcination procedure for the systematic study of γ-Al2O3, were presented in Chapter Six. Chapter Seven details the investigation of the structure from a singletemperature case. Several known structural models were investigated, including the possibility of a dual-phase model and the inclusion of hydrogen in the structure. It was demonstrated that an accurate structural model cannot be achieved for γ-Al2O3 if the cations are restricted to spinel positions. It was also found that electron diffraction patterns, typical for γ-Al2O3, could be indexed according to the I41/amd space group, which is a maximal subgroup of m Fd3 . Two models were presented which describe the structure more accurately; Cubic-16c, which describes cubic γ-Al2O3 and Tetragonal-8c, which describes tetragonal γ-Al2O3. The latter model was found to be a better description for the γ-Al2O3 samples studied. Chapter Eight describes the evolution of the structure with changing calcination temperature. Tetragonal γ-Al2O3 was found to be present between 450 and 750 °C. The structure showed a reduction in the tetragonal distortion with increasing temperature but at no stage was cubic γ-Al2O3 obtained. Examination of the progress of cation migration indicates the reduction in the tetragonal nature is due to ordering within inter-skeletal oxygen layers of the unit cell, left over from the breakdown of the hydroxide layers of boehmite when the transformation to γ-Al2O3 occurred. Above 750 °C, δ-Al2O3 was not observed, but a new phase was identified and designated γ.-Al2O3. / The structure of this phase was determined to be a triple cell of γ-Al2O3 and is herein described using the 2 4m P space group. Chapter Nine investigates the presence of hydrogen in the structure of γ-Al2O3. It was concluded that γ-Al2O3 derived from highly crystalline boehmite has a relatively well ordered bulk crystalline structure which contains no interstitial hydrogen and that hydrogen-containing species are located at the surface and within amorphous regions, which are located in the vicinity of pores. Expectedly, the specific surface area was found to decrease with increasing calcination temperature. This trend occurred concurrently with an increase in the mean pore and crystallite size and a reduction in the amount of hydrogen-containing species within the structure. It was also demonstrated that γ-Al2O3 derived from highly crystalline boehmite has a significantly higher surface area than expected, attributed to the presence of nano-pores and closed porosity. The results from the computational study are presented and discussed in Chapter Ten. Optimisation of the spinel-based structural models showed that structures with some non-spinel site occupancy were more energetically favourable. However, none of the structural models exhibited a configuration close to those determined from the experimental studies. Nor did any of the theoretical structures yield a diffraction pattern that was characteristic of γ-Al2O3. This discrepancy between the simulated and real structures means that the spinel-based starting structure models are not close enough to the true structure of γ-Al2O3 to facilitate the derivation of its representative configuration. / Large numbers of structures demonstrate migration of cations to c symmetry positions, providing strong evidence that c symmetry positions are inherent in the structure. This supports the Cubic-16c and Tetragonal-8c structure models presented in Chapter Seven and suggests that these models are universal for crystalline γ-Al2O3. Optimisation of c symmetry based structures, with starting configurations based on the experimental findings, resulted in simulated diffraction patterns that were characteristic of γ-Al2O3.

No description available.

No description available.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa est un pathogène opportuniste responsable de nombreuses maladies nosocomiales chez les patients immunodéprimés ainsi que d'infections graves chez les patients atteints de la mucoviscidose (CF). La colonisation des voies respiratoires des patients CF est souvent mortelle car une fois installée, cette bactérie est difficile à éradiquer et provoque le déclin des fonctions respiratoires des patients. L'antibiothérapie devient inefficace face au développement de souches multi-résistantes et sa capacité à former un biofilm. L'étape cruciale initiant l'infection ou la formation du biofilm est l'adhésion durant laquelle des interactions spécifiques lectines/oligosaccharides permettent la fixation de la bactérie à la surface de la cellule hôte. Bloquer l'adhésion serait un moyen de lutter contre l'infection. Dans l'approche d'une thérapie anti-adhésive, plusieurs lectines impliquées dans l'adhésion et l'élaboration du biofilm sont prises comme cibles. Dans un premier temps, des lectines fimbriales putatives identifiées récemment, CupB6 et CupE6, ont fait l'objet d'une étude. Des essais d'expression, de purification et de cristallisation ont été réalisés dans l'objectif de résoudre leur structure cristallographique. Une étude visant à identifier le ligand naturel de CupB6 a également été entreprise. Puis une étude a été menée pour caractériser le potentiel d'inhibition de plusieurs molécules dérivées du galactose sur la lectine soluble, PA-IL. Certaines de ces molécules pourraient être utilisées comme glycomimétiques offrant une alternative aux antibiotiques. Une étude par microcalorimétrie et cristallographie aux rayons X a permis d'étudier la spécificité d'une lectine de légumineuse, PELa. / P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium responsible for numerous nosocomial infections in immunosuppressed patients. It is the first mortal pathogen in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The invasion of the respiratory tract of CF patients by the bacterium is often lethal because it is hard to eradicate and it rapidly impairs the respiratory functions of the patients. None of the current antibiotherapy procedures are efficient against multiresistant, biofilm forming P. aeruginosa. The first step leading to infection or biofilm formation involves the initial adhesion of bacterial cells to the host pulmonary cells via specific lectin/oligosaccharid interactions. Blocking the adhesion would be a way to fight against the infection. The anti-adhesion therapy targets several bacterial lectins involved in adhesiveness and biofilm formation. In this work, the recently identified putative fimbrial lectins CupB6 and CupE6 have been studied. Expression and purification tests followed by crystallization trials have been performed. In parallel, attempts to identify the natural ligand of CupB6 were also carried out. This work also presents a systematic characterization of the inhibitory effects of various galactose-derived molecules on the PA-IL lectin. Some of these molecules could be used as glycomimetic drugs thus offering an interesting alternative to standard antibiotics. Finally, the combination of microcalorimetry together with X-ray crystallography enabled us to gain insights into the ligand specificity of PELa, a legume lectin.