This study aims at exploring the applicability of ¡¥Situational Leadership Theory¡¦ Hersey & Blanchard, 1993) for leadership of task force between chief purser leadership style and readiness of cabin crew. The survey method was used in the present study. Three questionnaires were used: ¡¥Leader Effectiveness and Adaptability Description¡¦ (LEAD), ¡¥Readiness Scale¡¦, and ¡¥Performance Effectiveness Scale¡¦. Subjects were from public Eva and Uni airline. Valid sample included 40 chief purser and 123 cabin crew. The conclusions are as the following: 1. The readiness of cabin crew was affected by their work experience and job level; work experience, and school region; it was not correlated with age, gender and educational background. 2. Leadership effectiveness of cabin crew was significantly correlated with work experience¡Beducational background and job level ; It was not correlated with age, and gender. 3. Leader¡¦s leadership style there was significantly correlated with age¡Bgender and educational background; It was not correlated with work experience. 4. It was no significant difference found between leadership styles and leadership effectiveness of chief purser. 5. There was significantly correlation between cabin crew¡¦s job performance and readiness. 6. The relationship between chief purser leadership style and readiness of cabin crew had no significant impact on leadership style effectiveness beside notification style. So the findings did partly support ¡¥Situational Leadership Theory¡¦.

Taiwan has entered the aging era, after the post-war baby boomers, it is ready to enter the era of the old generation. In recent years, the official statistic has indicated that the proportions of ¡§parents living with their spouse¡¨ are decreasing. Does the statistic indicate that the acceptance of the old generations to live in the elderly residential or nursing home increased? To revaluate the problem, this study distinguished five kinds of living patterns for the old generations scaling with a quantitative life- style pattern, and distributes 392 valid questionnaires for Kaohsiung City's 40-year-old to 59-year-old middle-aged civil servants and teachers. Not only does the research shows the correlations between demographic variables and the preferences of residential patterns, but it also classifies civil servants and teachers of Kaohsiung into four categories¡G ¡§knowledge-LOHOS Group¡¨, ¡§conservative family group¡¨, ¡§easy-going group¡¨ and ¡§active independent group¡¨ . The results showed the accepted level for the five kinds of residential patterns for the old generations have increased; the most favorite and the most likely living type are ¡§living alone or only living with one¡¦s spouse¡¨ and ¡§with children in the same neighborhood¡¨, ¡§elderly residential¡¨ and ¡§live with their children¡¨ are in the second place, and last is the ¡§nursing homes¡¨. And by the independent samples T-test, one-way ANOVA and two variables correlation analysis showed that the preferences of five kinds of residential patterns have significantly related with the ¡§age¡¨, ¡§gender¡¨, ¡§educational level¡¨, ¡§total household monthly income¡¨ , etc. Besides, ¡§active independent group¡¨ is the most acceptable group to stay in elderly residential and nursing homes, but is unwilling to live in the same neighborhood. The ¡§knowledge-LOHOS Group¡¨ like living with their children in the same neighborhood than ¡§active independent group¡¨ do, and it is more likely for the group to live in the same neighborhood than ¡§conservative family group¡¨ do. Finally, this study proposes some recommendations to the operators of the elderly residential and nursing homes, for instance, when the proportion, ¡§with their children in the same neighborhood¡¨ and ¡§living alone or living with their spouse¡¨, have increased for the middle-aged people, it means that the government should have more active and effective strategies in facing the care network of general residential and community. In addition to regard the ¡§active independent group¡¨ as a target market, it also needs to take other groups¡¦ need into account.

This study aimed to realize the relationship between learning styles and use of information communication and technologies (ICTs) of older adults in Taiwan, specifically how the learning styles of the elders predict their use of ICTs. Data was collected from a sample of 313 senior adults who are above 55 years of age in the senior centers in Kaohsiung City. The instrument of the Elders¡¦ Access and Use of ICT Questionnaire was developed by the author bases on Selwyn, Gorard & Furlong¡¦s Adult Learning @ Home Questionnaire 2002 and related literature. In addition, the researcher also investigated the learning style preferences using Kolb Learning Style Inventory. The findings from the research summarized as follows: (a) most of the participants were the ¡§Accommodators¡¨, (b) in terms of access and use of ICTs, the older adults had more access to communication technologies than to information technologies , (c) receiving the videio/visual informtation is the main activity when elders used ICTs (d) and there was a significantly positive correlation between concrete experiences/ active experimentation and their frequency of ICTs use while a significantly negative correlation between abstract conceptualization/ reflective observation and frequency of ICTs use. Specifically, (e) active experience is to the most significant predictor to the older adults¡¦ ICTs use. Recommendations were also provided based on the findings of this study. It is recommended the the government should encourage elders under 64 years old to use the ICTs, viewing them as important human resources and and provide assistance to retrain their IT skills . For the elders who were above 65 years of age, they should receive more opportunities to access ICTs and develop positive attitudes towards the use of ICTs. Results from this study provided suggestions and implications to the government, institutions and organizations on ICT policy implementations to make elders become productive human resources, and to help them age productively to achieve self-realization for the purpose of life long learning.

There are two important trends in organizations today: 1) the increasing use of teams and 2) the increasing diversity in the workforce. The literature is in tune with these organizational trends, evidenced by a dramatic increase in research on team performance and the effects of diversity. However, there are still contradictory findings of the effects of team diversity on team processes and outcomes. To shed light on these inconsistencies, the cognitive construct of team mental model is introduced as a mediator of the relationship between team cognitive diversity and team performance. Team mental model is an emergent cognitive state that represents team members' organized understanding of their task environment (e.g., Klimoski&Mohammed, 1994) and has been shown to improve team performance (e.g., Edwards, Day, Arthur,&Bell, 2006; Mathieu, Heffner, Goodwin, Salas,&Cannon-Bowers, 2000). Specifically, with a sample of 94 student teams I investigated how team cognitive diversity affects team mental model similarity and accuracy, and through them, team performance. In addition, I examined team information processing mechanisms as moderators of the relationships between team cognitive diversity and team mental model similarity and accuracy. The results suggest that cognition at the team level plays an important role in the effective functioning of decision making teams. Specifically, the combination of team mental model similarity and accuracy predicts levels of team performance and information integration is an important moderator linking cognitive style diversity to task mental models, team processes, and team performance. The research model developed and tested seeks to advance understanding of the "black box" linking team diversity to team outcomes (Lawrence, 1997) and to provide guidance to managers leading cognitively diverse teams.

<p>The present thesis is based on a scientifically informed reading of Fleck. In addition to the monograph, the material includes his additional philosophical writings and also his internationally published scientific articles. The sources provided by Fleck have been traced back to the time of their origin. Based on the above material, it is argued that rather than relativizing science, and thereby deeply influencing Kuhn, Fleck, attempting to participate in the current debates, is an ardent proponent of science, offering an internal account of its pursuit that accords with his often-contested epistemic concepts. The exposure of his description of the Wassermann reaction discloses a highly selected reading of the, at the time, available sources, but also its relation to the current debate on Einzelwissenschaften, or the standing of new emerging disciplines versus age-old ones, all occasioned by the remarkable progress of science that also affected philosophy. The divide between philosophers and scientists on the philosophical implications of modern physics is exposed as well as Fleck’s heuristic use of the latter topic in his epistemology. A more realistic account of his scientific accomplishment is provided that includes the unfeasibility of the manufacturing of an anti-typhus vaccine based on urine. It is finally argued that the modern interpretation, or the received humanist view of Fleck, is based on the, at the time of the rediscovery of the monograph, already endorsed program of STS writers opposing a scientifically informed reading of his texts.</p>

Diss.--München--Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 1997. / Bibliogr. p. 237-261. Index.

Thèse (M.A.)--Université Laval, 2008. / Bibliogr.: f. 221-230. Webographie: f. 231-233. Publié aussi en version électronique dans la Collection Mémoires et thèses électroniques.

Texte remanié de : Dissertation : Romanistik : Neuphilologische Fakultät der Universität Heidelberg : 1982. / Bibliogr. p. 99-134.

Syftet med denna studie är att granska arméofficerares ledarskap i rollen som handledare i den svenska Försvarsmakten. Studien beskriver och karaktäriserar handledarbeteenden i handledarrollen samt vilka ledarstilar som kan observeras i dessa handledarbeteenden. Utifrån dessa beskrivningar, samt intervjupersonernas självbilder av sitt eget ledarskap, är även ett mål med studien att problematisera Försvarsmaktens föreskrivna ledarskapsmodell med stöd av ett nyinstitutionellt och kritiskt perspektiv. Empirin samlades in via observationer tillsammans med kvalitativa intervjuer vilka gjordes i direkt anslutning till observationerna.   Resultatet visar att handledarbeteenden kan karaktäriseras på tre huvudsakliga sätt: coachande handledarbeteenden, kontrollerande handledarbeteenden samt handledarbeteenden genom att vara modell. Ledarstilarna i handledarbeteendena bildar en komplex mosaik av både utvecklande och transformativa samt konventionella och transaktionella ledarstilar vilka även visar att de avsedda ledar-stilarna till stor del divergerar från de observerade ledarstilarna. Denna diskrepans mellan ledarstilsavsikter och ledarstilshandlingar diskuteras utifrån ett mikro-perspektiv och ett makroperspektiv och två förklaringsmodeller presenteras: problemet med situationens imperativ samt problemet med ledarskapsideologins glapp. En alternativ ledarstil presenteras även i form av den styrande ledarstilen.

Using a long panel on employment history, I exploit a novel setting to examine if sell-side analysts carry over their early career experience into their future professional careers. I find that analysts' early mentorship experience has a long-lasting impact on their professional styles. Analysts are more optimistic if they work with optimistic mentors in their first jobs as junior analysts: they issue more strong buy recommendations and upgrade jumps, and they are also more optimistic in earnings forecasts and price targets. While it is easy to pick up their mentors' styles, I show that it is apparently harder for them to learn their mentors' skills, as indicated by the lack of spillover in forecast accuracy. Only talented superstar mentors can unwind this pattern, passing their skills and reputation to their proteges. The market—especially sophisticated institutional investors—is smart in identifying the apprentices of optimistic mentors as short-run market reactions to their forecast revisions are weaker. Collectively, these results have important implications for financial economists and regulators (on a new source of optimism), for analyst profession (on talent management and portability), and for market participants (on information dissemination and optimism debias). / text