Submitted by Evaldo Araújo (1107795@mackenzie.br) on 2016-05-12T22:10:05Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Lacir Ferreira Baldusco.pdf: 12938406 bytes, checksum: da8d8901a0fa4127add4ce19bc503538 (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-12T22:10:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Lacir Ferreira Baldusco.pdf: 12938406 bytes, checksum: da8d8901a0fa4127add4ce19bc503538 (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-26 / Our goal is to discuss the Sparse City through the actions of the Real Estate Segment with no pretension to exhaust this complex topic. From the premise that the city should be seen as a market’s byproduct to understand the valuation of urban land and its occupation. Our focus is the Urban Cluster of Jundiaí. For its economic dynamism and urban sprawl this area is part of the state planning virtual territory of the São Paulo Macrometropolitan Area. The data presented here outlines the urban landscape during the verticalization process of core municipalities, more specifically in the consolidated urban areas. These core municipalities are spreading the borders through the horizontal real estate, IE, through the deployment of subdivisions and housing developments on its fringes. This process produces and disseminates the ideas which aim to hide the real production processes of uneven urban spaces, sells the image of the new, the novelty in the style of life and how to live, when in fact express the old forms of ownership of the urban landscape. This work seeks to discuss the criteria and consequences of using old instruments of division of land, based on a speculative culture generated by both public investment and the real estate capital. These two old forces are responsible for the cities we live in today and that reproduce continually a model that does not help the quality of life of its inhabitants. Finally, using the information obtained from the GRAPROHAB (the state agency that oversees the licensing of all housing) public and private enterprises, it is possible to show the trend in vertical integration in the most dynamic and prosperous cities as a decisive factor for the spatial segregation of urban land. / Nosso objetivo foi o de promover uma reflexão sobre a Cidade Dispersa por meio da atuação do Segmento Habitacional do Setor Imobiliário. Preliminarmente, partimos do princípio de que a cidade deve ser vista como um produto para podermos entender a valoração do solo urbano e sua ocupação. Por seu dinamismo econômico, pelo vigor da sua expansão urbana, ao mesmo tempo em que é um território virtual do planejamento estadual, escolhemos como referência territorial a Macrometrópole Paulista e, como objeto principal de estudo, a Aglomeração Urbana de Jundiaí. Os dados aqui apresentados, traçam o panorama transitório da dispersão, e o permanente das alterações do tecido urbano, seja por ocasião do processo de verticalização dos municípios centrais, mais especificamente nas zonas urbanas consolidadas, como pelo espraiamento nas franjas dos seus territórios por meio dos empreendimentos imobiliários horizontais, ou seja, através da implantação de loteamentos. Esse processo produz e difunde as ideias que visam a ocultar os reais processos de produção do espaço urbano desigual, vende a imagem do novo, do ineditismo na forma de morar e viver, quando, de fato, expressa as velhas formas de apropriação do solo urbano. O trabalho busca desvendar os critérios e as consequências da utilização de velhos instrumentos de parcelamento do solo, sedimentados em uma cultura especulativa, gerada tanto por investimentos públicos, quanto pelo capital imobiliário. Essas duas velhas forças são as responsáveis pelas cidades em que vivemos atualmente e que reproduzem, continuamente, um modelo que não favorece a qualidade de vida de seus habitantes. Por fim, através das informações obtidas junto ao Graprohab, órgão do Governo do Estado de São Paulo que concentra o licenciamento de todos os empreendimentos habitacionais, públicos e privados, foi possível demonstrar a tendência de verticalização nas cidades mais dinâmicas e prósperas como fator determinante para entender todo esse processo.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar os resultados das alterações cefalométricas dentárias, esqueléticas e tegumentares, de casos com má oclusão de Classe II, subdivisão, tratados sob dois protocolos distintos de extrações assimétricas. A amostra foi constituída por 126 teleradiografias em norma lateral de 63 pacientes, os quais foram divididos em dois grupos. O Grupo 1 foi formado por 32 pacientes com má oclusão de Classe II, subdivisão, com idade média inicial de 13,98 e final de 16,90, tratados com extração assimétrica de um pré-molar superior do lado da relação de Classe II.O Grupo 2foi composto por 31 pacientes com má oclusão de Classe II, subdivisão, com idade média inicial de 13,58 e final de 16,83, tratados com extrações assimétricas de três pré-molares, sendo dois superiores e um inferior do lado da relação de Classe I.A comparação intergrupos das alterações do tratamento foi realizada através do teste t. Os resultados demonstraram a existência de diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre as alterações proporcionadas pelos dois tratamentos em relação: ao componente dentoalveolar inferior, onde a terapêutica realizada com uma extração propiciou a vestibularização e protrusão dos incisivos inferiores, ao contrário da terapêutica com três extrações que propiciou uma lingualização e retrusão dos mesmos.Os dois grupos apresentaram uma melhora na relação maxilomandibular. O índice de assimetria dos molares superiores aumentou no grupo com uma extração, enquanto que o grupo com três extrações apresentou um aumento no índice de assimetria dos molares inferiores. Os dois grupos apresentaram semelhanças quanto às alterações do perfil tegumentar. / The purpose of this study was to cephalometrically compare the dentoskeletal and soft-tissue changes consequent to orthodontic treatment in patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion treated with asymmetric extraction protocols. The sample consisted of 126 lateral cephalograms of 63 patients, divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 32 patients with Class II, subdivision malocclusion, and had initial and final mean ages of 13.98 and 16.90, treated with asymmetric extraction of one maxillary premolar on the Class II side. Group 2 consisted of 31 patients with Class II, subdivision malocclusion, and had initial and final mean ages of 13.58 and 16.83, treated with asymmetric extractions of two maxillary premolars and one mandibular premolar on the Class I side. T tests were used to compare the groups at pretreatment and the treatment changes between groups. The results demonstrated that group 1 had mandibular incisor protrusion, while group 2 had lower incisor retraction. The maxillary molar asymmetry index increased in group 1, on the contrary of group 2 that had mandibular molar asymmetry index increase. Both groups had similar soft-tissue changes.

While the games industry grows, the need for visually appealing graphics increase. This drives the demand for new hardware and the development of new techniques forward. With the latest generation of 3D graphic APIs the new rendering pipeline technique tessellation was announced. With each generation of games getting more advanced, the demand for highly detailed models increase. This leads to a higher workload for the GPU. The purpose of this thesis is to research the fi eld of tessellation and develop a prototype to optimize the tessellation pipeline. The prototype is designed to help reduce the number of generated triangles by dividing the mesh into regions, each region with its own tessellation factor. The prototype implementation supports both manual and automatic generation of these regions. A new fi le format was developed to support the region data. The implementation was split into three parts; one Python based Maya plug-in used for preparing the model for exporting, one exporter for Maya that generated the output fi le, and one viewer application capable of rendering the resulting mesh. The geometry output of the proposed technique was evaluated by comparing it to uniformly tessellated reference mesh geometry. Measurements show that the proposed technique is capable of reducing the face count with minor or maintained correlation to the reference geometry. / Medans spelindustrin växer ökar behovet av visuellt tilltalande grafik. Detta driver utvecklingen av hårdvara och nya tekniker framåt. Med den senaste generationens 3D grafik API kom renderingssteget tesselering. Eftersom varje generation av spel blir mer avancerat ökar efterfrågan på detaljerade modeller. Detta leder till en högre arbetsbörda för GPUn. Syftet med denna avhandling är att undersöka tesselering och utveckla en prototyp för att optimera tesseleringspipelinen. Prototypen är utformad för att hjälpa till att minska antalet genererade trianglar genom att dela upp figuren i regioner, varje region med egen tesseleringsfaktor. Prototypen stödjer både manuell och automatisk generering av dessa regioner, ett nytt filformat utvecklades för att stödja dessa. Prototypen delades upp i tre delar, ett Python baserat Maya plug-in som används för att förbereda modellen för export, en Maya exportör som genererar filerna, och ett visningsprogram som kan rendera den färdiga figuren. Figuren från den föreslagna tekniken utvärderades genom att jämföra den med motsvarande figur med universal tesseleringsfaktor. Mätningar visar att den föreslagna tekniken klarar att reducera antalet trianglar med låg felmarginal.

Master of Landscape Architecture / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / Stephanie A. Rolley / Equestrian Communities are platted housing developments that include amenities suited for horse boarding and riding. Since the mid 1970s, this particular sector of amenity community development has become an increasing trend. This study was designed to take a look at the way these communities are designed; where they are located; how they are managed; and, to whom they are marketed. Designing equestrian communities requires knowledge of how these communities are designed, where the land comes from, why people are buying into them and who those people are. Case study methodology was used to gather data on 22 communities across the US. Data sources included review of the marketing websites belonging to the communities; a literature review; and, interviews conducted with individuals responsible for the design and sales of the communities' lots or the management of the equestrian facilities. Statistics and images of the communities, including plats where available, were compiled into community "cut sheets" which are single-page synopses of each community.

The business of real estate is one of the largest suppliers of employment, and contributes significantly to the gross domestic product of numerous countries worldwide. It is, therefore, imperative that new real estate development entrepreneurs entering the market identify key competitiveness indicators in order to survive and ensure their success within an ever-changing market. However, property development is a complex process and considered to be 'too risky' Consequently, property development entrepreneurs lack the skills and expertise to effectively manage their business enterprises and the associated risks from project inception to completion, and commissioning. The study was conducted by means of a review of the related literature and by conducting an empirical study. The empirical study was conducted using a quantitative statistical approach by distributing research questionnaires to members falling within the sample population. The primary objective of the study was to develop an entrepreneurial framework for perceived success of new venture property development projects. A descriptive survey was conducted among professionals registered with the South African Property Owners Association (SAPOA) and property development practitioners within South Africa. The salient findings suggest that the following variables positively influence the perceived success of new venture property development projects: Entrepreneurial vision; Strategic management; Stakeholders‘ interests; Professional feasibility and viability reporting; Procurement; Communication; Consumer confidence; Risk management; Governance structures; Specialist advice; The entrepreneurial framework, and The project management body of knowledge (PMBOK). Furthermore, the following variables were identified in the empirical framework affecting the perceived success of new venture property development projects: Entrepreneurial Vision; Strategic Management; Stakeholders‘ Interest; Professional Feasibility and Viability Reporting; Procurement; Communication; Consumer Confidence; Risk Management; Governance Structures; Specialist Advice, and The Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK). This study contributed to the South African property development body of knowledge by addressing the challenges faced by inexperienced entrepreneurs entering the property development market. Furthermore, this study aimed to improve the framework utilised by emerging property developers.

The changes to the British Columbia Municipal Act repealing land use contracts in 1978 by Bill 42, and the subsequent amendments leading up to Bill 62 in 1985 and Bill 30 in 1987 have been both dramatic and comprehensive in their effect on land development and the approval process. Since the repealing of land use contracts and in spite of the new amendments, B.C. planning legislation has been increasingly criticized among developers, planners, and local governments for the lack of development agreement provisions and adequate flexibility in the municipal approval process. This thesis investigates the possibility of reintroducing land use contracts as a development agreement control in the context of current planning practices. A literature review of the evolution of municipal planning control in B.C. is conducted to provide background information for a theoretical and practical evaluation of the current system of controls in comparison to the former system of land use contracts. The theoretical evaluation is based on measuring both systems against normative criteria, whereas the practical evaluation is comprised of a local government/development industry survey and several case studies. The following conclusions are made in this research: - Land use contracts were introduced in response to a growing need among local governments for some legitimate legislative means of entering into development agreements with developers to require developers to assist in providing the municipal services associated with their development. - Local government support for the land use contract was based on the ability to regulate design, ensure regulation performance, and to enter into off-site servicing and amenity agreements. - The development industry was initially supportive of land use contracts because they offered unlimited flexibility during negotiations and the certainty of a legal contract immune to future zoning changes. Developers eventually withdrew their support for land use contracts complaining of large scale downzoning, lengthy approval delays and excessive impost fees. Many of these allegations are dispelled in this research, but the real weakness of the land use contract was that it was difficult to amend and could be used extensively to replace zoning, effectively "fettering" future council's planning powers. - In the absence of the land use contract, many municipal governments are continuing with a land use contract practice, but without a legislative or in some instances legal basis. - The theoretical analysis, survey and case studies determine that the current planning legislation is adequate for the most part. There is a need however, for a land use contract mechanism to accommodate mixed use, comprehensive or complicated developments. This type of control was determined to be superior in accommodating these types of projects to the current approach of using a variety of planning mechanisms. Generally there is support among local governments and the development industry in B.C. for new land use contract legislation as long as it is more clearly defined to avoid the mistakes of its use in the 1970's. On the basis of this analysis, the study recommends that land use contract reintroduced but in a much more controlled and limited way. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

The focus of this study was the development and testing of a micro-spatial supply model which could explain and predict the allocation of residential development to subareas within a region. This involved a three step process. The first step was a review of the literature to determine what criteria were considered important in the location of residential development. Two types of location criteria were found to be important. The first of these criteria were intuitive accessibility measures used in other modelling studies. The second type of criteria were potential supply criteria suggested as important by surveys of residential developers. The second step involved the measuring and testing of various potential supply and accessibility measures to see which were important in explaining the allocation of residential development within the Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD). From these tests a microspatial allocation function was derived which could be tested in a large scale urban model of the GVRD. The third step involved incorporating the microspatial allocation function into the supply sub-model of a large urban model and running the model for four simulated years. The simulated data was then compared with actual data before and after the inclusion of the allocation function. Finally, the results of the tests were compared to similar studies which had compared simulated data with actual data. The test results indicate that approximately 50% of single family development and approximately 75% of multiple family development could be explained by potential supply measures. Accessibility measures were of' little significance in explaining single family development, and explained only about 10% of multiple family development. The results of testing the microspatial allocation functions in a large urban model were not as encouraging as the explanatory tests. Generally, the results of tests which compared actual data with simulated data indicate that the increase in performance with the microspatial allocation function was marginal. However, compared to similar studies the results are acceptable. In general, the study indicates that behavioural studies of the role played by developers combined with analytical models of this behaviour may provide considerable insight into the nature of the development process. It also lends strong supporting evidence to the suggestion that government organizations have been effective in allocating growth by their servicing and zoning policies. / Business, Sauder School of / Real Estate Division / Graduate

A set S of vertices of a graph G = (V, E) is a dominating set if every vertex in V - S is adjacent to some vertex in 3. The domination number γ(G) is the minimum cardinality of a dominating set of G, and the domination subdivision number sdγ(G) is the minimum number of edges that must be subdivided (each edge in G can be subdivided at most once) in order to increase the domination number. In June 2000, Arumugam conjectured that 1 ≤ sdγ(G) ≤ 3 for any graph G. However, a counterexample to this conjecture given in [6] suggests the modified conjecture that 1 ≤ sdγ(G) ≤ 4 for any graph G. It is also conjectured in [6] that for every graph G with minimum degree δ(G) ≥ 2, sdγ(G) ≤ δ(G) + 1. In this paper we extend several previous results and consider evidence in support of these two conjectures.

This thesis compares two modeling methods, subdivision and booleans, which are used for the creation of hard surface assets in the gaming industry. The parameters that are assessed are the time taken to create the models with the respective method and the quality of the models. Quality refers to the presence of shading artifacts. In order to compare the methods, models of varying complexity have been created, the time of creation has been measured and experts in 3D modeling have assessed the quality. The results show that the boolean method is better suited for complex models, while both methods work well for simpler models. / Den här avhandlingen jämför två modelleringsmetoder, subdivision och booleans, som används för skapandet av hardsurface assets inom spelbranschen. Parametrarna som bedöms är den tid det tar att skapa modellerna med respektive metod och kvalitén på modellerna. Med kvalité avses förekomsten av shading artefakter. För att jämföra metoderna har modeller av varierande komplexitet skapats, skapandets tid har mätts och experter inom 3D-modellering har bedömt kvalitén. Resultatet visar att booleansmetoden är bättre lämpad för komplexa modeller medan båda metoder fungerar bra för simplare modeller.

Let G be a simple graph on n vertices, and let S(G) be the class of all real-valued symmetric nxn matrices whose nonzero off-diagonal entries occur in exactly the positions corresponding to the edges of G. The smallest rank achieved by a matrix in S(G) is called the minimum rank of G, denoted mr(G). The maximum nullity achieved by a matrix in S(G) is denoted M(G). For each graph G, there is an associated minimum rank class, MR(G) consisting of all matrices A in S(G) with rank A = mr(G). Although no restrictions are applied to the diagonal entries of matrices in S(G), sometimes diagonal entries corresponding to specific vertices of G must be zero for all matrices in MR(G). These vertices are known as nil vertices (see [6]). In this paper I discuss some basic results about nil vertices in general and nil vertices in cographs and prove that cographs with a nil vertex of a particular form contain two other nil vertices symmetric to the first. I discuss several open questions relating to these results and a counterexample. I prove that for all cographs G without an induced complete tripartite graph with independent sets all of size 3, the zero-forcing number Z(G), a graph theoretic parameter, is equal to M(G). In fact this result holds for a slightly larger class of cographs and in particular holds for all threshold graphs. Lastly, I prove that the maximum of the minimum ranks of all cographs on n vertices is the floor of 2n/3.