Direito e estética para uma crítica da alienação social no capitalismo é uma tese que se alinha às obras de Karl Marx e de Evgeny Pachukanis. Partindo do entendimento de que a teoria estética é um locus privilegiado para a crítica social, busca nela elementos para a crítica do direito. Analisa a especificidade histórica do direito, com a aproximação entre a forma mercadoria e a forma jurídica. Aborda o problema da mistificação do direito e da ideologia jurídica. Examina a teoria jurídica tradicional e suas implicações. Discute o fenômeno que o autor denomina regressão do indivíduo, em alusão ao problema da regressão da audição que Adorno, em um famoso ensaio, constatou, no campo da música e da indústria cultural. Na segunda parte, examina, propriamente, a estética como teoria social e, assim, finalmente, promove, de maneira mais aprofundada, a crítica do direito a partir do debate artístico. Aborda a proximidade entre a teoria pachukaniana e a dialética negativa de Adorno e, nesse sentido, também observa alguns aspectos ontológicos que estão presentes na estética marxistalukacsiana. Mostra o vínculo entre a posição essencialista e as teorias jusracionalistas, de modo a esclarecer outros elementos que corroboram a ideologia jurídica e se que se infiltram nas estratégias políticas emancipatórias. Analisa problemas da criação artística e da indústria cultural, sob a perspectiva do direito. / Law and aesthetics - for a critique of social alienation under capitalism is a thesis affiliated to the works of Karl Marx and Evgeny Pachukanis. Based on the understanding that aesthetic theory is a locus for social criticism, the author searches for critical elements towards law. It analyzes the historical specificity of law, with the rapprochement between commodity form and legal form. It addresses the problem of mystification of law and legal ideology. It examines the traditional legal theory and its implications. It discusses the phenomenon that the author calls \"regression of the individual\", in allusion to the problem of \"regression of listening\" that Adorno, in a famous paper, diagnosed in the field of music and cultural industry. The second part examines aesthetics and social theory and thus ultimately promotes a more thoroughly criticism of the law from the artistic debate. It discusses the proximity between Pachukanis theory and Adorno\'s negative dialectics and, also points out some ontological aspects present in the marxist aesthetics of Lukács. It clarifies other elements that support the legal ideology and political strategies in class strugle. It analyzes problems concerning artistic creation and cultural industry from the perspective of law.

Direito e estética para uma crítica da alienação social no capitalismo é uma tese que se alinha às obras de Karl Marx e de Evgeny Pachukanis. Partindo do entendimento de que a teoria estética é um locus privilegiado para a crítica social, busca nela elementos para a crítica do direito. Analisa a especificidade histórica do direito, com a aproximação entre a forma mercadoria e a forma jurídica. Aborda o problema da mistificação do direito e da ideologia jurídica. Examina a teoria jurídica tradicional e suas implicações. Discute o fenômeno que o autor denomina regressão do indivíduo, em alusão ao problema da regressão da audição que Adorno, em um famoso ensaio, constatou, no campo da música e da indústria cultural. Na segunda parte, examina, propriamente, a estética como teoria social e, assim, finalmente, promove, de maneira mais aprofundada, a crítica do direito a partir do debate artístico. Aborda a proximidade entre a teoria pachukaniana e a dialética negativa de Adorno e, nesse sentido, também observa alguns aspectos ontológicos que estão presentes na estética marxistalukacsiana. Mostra o vínculo entre a posição essencialista e as teorias jusracionalistas, de modo a esclarecer outros elementos que corroboram a ideologia jurídica e se que se infiltram nas estratégias políticas emancipatórias. Analisa problemas da criação artística e da indústria cultural, sob a perspectiva do direito. / Law and aesthetics - for a critique of social alienation under capitalism is a thesis affiliated to the works of Karl Marx and Evgeny Pachukanis. Based on the understanding that aesthetic theory is a locus for social criticism, the author searches for critical elements towards law. It analyzes the historical specificity of law, with the rapprochement between commodity form and legal form. It addresses the problem of mystification of law and legal ideology. It examines the traditional legal theory and its implications. It discusses the phenomenon that the author calls \"regression of the individual\", in allusion to the problem of \"regression of listening\" that Adorno, in a famous paper, diagnosed in the field of music and cultural industry. The second part examines aesthetics and social theory and thus ultimately promotes a more thoroughly criticism of the law from the artistic debate. It discusses the proximity between Pachukanis theory and Adorno\'s negative dialectics and, also points out some ontological aspects present in the marxist aesthetics of Lukács. It clarifies other elements that support the legal ideology and political strategies in class strugle. It analyzes problems concerning artistic creation and cultural industry from the perspective of law.

This research has as its main justification the recent and major debates in the legal or socialnormative area about the recognition of nature as a subject of law, especially with the advent in 2008 of the new Ecuadorian Constitution, which was the first to assign to nature of this feature directly. The research problem sought to clarify the nature, facing the crisis and the new paradigmatic constructions and contemporary auspices, can go through a rereading sociolegal palpable. Thus, the scientific research on screen sought to identify and analyze the perspectives of characterizing and reframe the Nature, as a subject of law. Specifically, it aimed to: i) identify the values socio-legal, ethical and philosophical pertaining to new construction paradigm of Nature as Subject of law, ii) Setting up of scientific activity within the need to perform it with the fulcrum translate their bases and objectives in building a new sense environmental iii) List the legal parameters in standards and international constitutions and laws and regulations and to correlate them with the ideas of deep ecology and ecocentrism iv) analyze the role of the state, guarantor and provider rights, the enforceability of those duties to achieve with regard to the environment compared axiological content of the principles of international environmental law and the Federal Constitution. The research was exploratory and literature by emphasizing the discovery of ideas and insights as well as collecting data in written materials. Concepts and descriptions were evaluated, many of them are not in the normative text, but present in doctrine. Through deductive method-classical dialectic, but also a logical inductive conclusive, was related to the content standards in drawing a parallel study from the perspective and the basic premise ecocentrism and sustainable development as a point of equilibrium relations man - nature. Moreover, the analysis drew upon elements of legal hermeneutics without forgetting the philosophical approach and environmental ethics. The study led to the progressive concatenation and the real connotation in promoting the moral considerability and legal nature, its feasibility and principles that guarantee, given the relationship of multicultural and formative elements of the Brazilian state are not relevantly different from other states, whose already made the transition paradigm / A presente pesquisa tem como principal justificativa os recentes e vultosos debates no campo jurídico ou sócio-normativo acerca do reconhecimento da Natureza como sujeito de direito, especialmente com o advento, em 2008, da novel Constituição Equatoriana, a qual foi a primeira a atribuir à natureza essa característica de forma direta. O problema de pesquisa buscou esclarecer se a natureza, frente à crise e às novas construções paradigmáticas e auspícios contemporâneos, pode passar por uma releitura sócio-jurídica palpável. Desta forma, a investigação cientifica em tela buscou verificar e analisar as perspectivas de se caracterizar e ressignificar a Natureza, como sujeito de Direito. Especificamente, teve como objetivo: i) Identificar os valores socio-jurídicos, éticos e filosóficos atinentes à nova construção paradigmática da Natureza como Sujeito de Direito; ii) Configurar no âmbito da atividade científica a necessidade de empreendê-la com fulcro a traduzir suas bases e objetivos na construção de um novo senso ambiental; iii) Enumerar os caracteres legais presentes nas normas internacionais e Constituições e na legislação brasileira correlacionando-os com as concepções da ecologia profunda e do ecocentrismo; iv) analisar o papel do Estado, garantidor e provedor de direitos, a exigibilidade de deveres para a consecução daqueles, no tocante ao meio ambiente comparando o conteúdo axiológico dos princípios do direito ambiental internacional e a Constituição Federal Brasileira. A pesquisa teve cunho exploratório e bibliográfico, por enfatizar a descoberta de ideias e discernimentos como também a coleta de dados em materiais escritos. Foram avaliadas conceituações e descrições, as quais, muitas não se encontram no texto normativo, e sim presentes na doutrina. Através do método dedutivo-dialético clássico, como também de um raciocínio lógico indutivo conclusivo, relacionou-se o teor das normas em estudo traçando um paralelo sob a perspectiva e premissa básica do ecocentrismo e do desenvolvimento sustentável como ponto de equilíbrio das relações homem - natureza. Ademais, a análise se valeu de elementos da hermenêutica jurídica sem olvidar do enfoque filosófico e da ética ambiental. O estudo levou à concatenação progressiva e ao real conotação emergencial em se promover a considerabilidade moral e jurídica da natureza, sua exequibilidade e princípios garantidores, haja vista a relação multicultural e formativa dos elementos do Estado brasileiro não serem, relevantemente distintas de outros Estados, cuja transição já se fez paradigma

L’individu est abordé, et même défini, par des théories sous-tendues de postulats philosophiques construisant le monde : l’individu est théorisé. Une vision plus ou moins spécifique de cet individu est proposée par chaque théorisation. Celui-ci peut être considéré seul, individuellement, ou en relation avec les autres, collectivement. La psychanalyse tend à s’orienter selon la subjectivité de l’individualité, produisant son Sujet. Le Droit tend à s’orienter selon l’objectivité de la collectivité, produisant son sujet. Pour l’individu, la prise dans ces édifices théoriques est fatalement enclavante. Nous focalisons sur le terme jouissance, champ lacanien pour la psychanalyse et prérogative de la propriété pour le Droit. Foulant la terre lacanienne, la jouissance est impossibilité là où dans l’enceinte juridique elle est possibilité. Très certainement infructueuse pour le Sujet mais tout spécialement fructueuse pour le sujet. Très abstraite, elle est insoumise et abusive chez Lacan, à s’y méprendre. Très concrète, elle est soumise et conditionnée dans le Code civil, à s’y comptabiliser financièrement. Dans un effort paradoxal de fixation sur des jouissances dissemblables bien qu’essentiellement philosophiquement décrétées, c’est le champ lacanien qui se superpose aux prérogatives de la propriété juridique. Ce faisant, les turbulences de la psychopathologie de la postmodernité quotidienne s’éclairent, l’attitude de la psychanalyse vis-à-vis de son Sujet se révèle, l’absolue relativité de l’abord de l’individu lorsqu’assujetti à une théorie se rappelle. Ceci devant la constatation d’un abus radicalement hors la propriété juridique, à situer davantage du côté de la psychanalyse qu’à déposer sur les épaules de son culpabilisé Sujet, atteint du malaise dans la jouissance. / The individual is broached, and even defined, by theories underpinned by world-building philosophical assumptions: he is theorized. A more or less specific view of this individual is proposed by each theorization. He can be considered alone, individually, or in relation to others, collectively. Psychoanalysis tends to be oriented towards the subjectivity of individuality, producing its Subject. The Law tends to be oriented towards the objectivity of the community, producing its subject. For the individual, being caught in theses theoretical structures is inevitably ensnaring. We will focus on the term of jouissance, Lacanian field for psychoanalysis, and prerogative of property for the Law. Treading the Lacanian grounds, jouissance is impossibility, while she is possibility wherein the juridical precinct; most certainly unfruitful for the Subject, but especially fruitful for the subject; very abstruse, she is unruly and abusive for Lacan, uncannily; very practical, she is obedient and conditioned in the french Civil Code, for financial profitability. In a paradoxical effort to fixate on dissimilar, although essentially philosophically decreed, jouissances, the Lacanian field superimposes itself onto the juridical property prerogatives. Thus, the turbulences of the psychopathology of everyday postmodernity are enlightened, the attitude of psychoanalysis vis-à-vis its Subject reveals itself, the absolute relativity at the outset of the individual when liable to a theory is recalled. This being brought before the finding of an abuse, radically apart from juridical property, to place more towards psychoanalysis than to lay upon the shoulders of its guilty Subject, affected by discontent in jouissance.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:27:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RenataDOF_DISSERT.pdf: 868746 bytes, checksum: 067689295a5629c5bc7d8c741575c19e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-12 / This work has the main goal on the recognition of the inherent value of nonhuman animals, under the constitutional framework. It is presented the main philosophical formulations of the current pattern of behavior that rules the relationship between man and animals: first those that have excluded animals from moral consideration and then the thinkers which do have included, in some way, in order to elucidate the origin of the anthropocentric thought over the natural world. In this way, the analysis these thinkers that have included animals in moral consideration will contribute to a paradigm change from the anthropocentric view, initiating legal debates. It will be made a simplified analysis of different philosophical and legal points of view that have been demonstrating the posture in which the human beings have been dealing with the environment, with the replacement of the anthropocentric thinking for the biocentric view, in which life becomes the center of existence. Life is life, no matter whether it is human or not, has a value in itself, and must be protected and respected by the legal system. Then, it will be analized the constitutionalization of the nonhuman animal dignity in comparative law; the infraconstitutional legislation which concerning the intrinsic value of all life forms and, finally, the 1988 Constitution. It will be advocated for non-human animals the condition of subjects, presenting some cases that the Habeas Corpus was used in animal defense. In this new Brazilian Habeas Corpus theory of for apes the argument of genetic proximity was used in order to overcome the literal meaning of natural person to achieve hominids in order to assure the fundamental right of physical freedom. It is realized that the fact that the great apes being recognized as a person does not preclude the possibility of other living beings be recognized as subjects of law. In this way, animals can be considered non-human subjects of law, according to the theory of depersonalized entities and may enjoy a legal category that allows a respect for existential minimum, and can hold constitutional fundamental rights / O presente trabalho aborda o reconhecimento do valor inerente aos animais n?o humanos, sob o marco jur?dico-constitucional. Apresenta as principais formula??es filos?ficas do padr?o de comportamento atual que rege a rela??o do homem com os animais: as que excluem os animais da esfera de considera??o moral e, em seguida, os pensadores que incluem, de alguma forma, com a finalidade de esclarecer a origem do pensamento antropoc?ntrico lan?ado sobre o mundo natural. Dessa forma, a an?lise dos pensadores que inclu?ram os animais na esfera de considera??o moral contribuir? para a mudan?a paradigm?tica da vis?o antropoc?ntrica, iniciando os debates jur?dicos. Buscou-se uma an?lise simplificada das v?rias correntes filos?ficas e jur?dicas que demonstram a postura com que o ser humano vem lidando com o meio ambiente; com a substitui??o do pensamento antropoc?ntrico pela vis?o bioc?ntrica, na qual a vida passa a ser o centro da exist?ncia. Vida ? vida, n?o interessando se ? humana ou n?o, possui um valor em si mesma, e deve ser tutelada e respeitada pela ordem jur?dica. Em seguida, a constitucionaliza??o da dignidade do animal n?o humano no direito comparado; as normas infraconstitucionais que abordam a tem?tica do valor intr?nseco de todas as formas de vida e, por ?ltimo, a Constitui??o de 1988. Prop?em em favor dos n?o humanos a condi??o de sujeitos de direitos, apresentando alguns casos pr?ticos com a utiliza??o do rem?dio constitucional do Habeas Corpus na defesa animal. Nessa nova teoria brasileira do Habeas Corpus para os grandes primatas, o argumento da proximidade gen?tica, foi utilizado com o intuito de ultrapassar o sentido literal de pessoa natural, para alcan?ar os homin?deos, a fim de lhes assegurar o direito fundamental da liberdade corporal. Constata que o fato de os grandes primatas serem reconhecidos como pessoa n?o impede que outros seres vivos possam ser reconhecidos como sujeitos de direito. Sob esse ?ngulo, os animais podem ser considerados sujeitos de direito n?o humanos despersonificados, de acordo com a teoria dos entes despersonalizados, podendo usufruir de uma categoria jur?dica que possibilite um respeito m?nimo existencial, podendo ser titulares de direitos subjetivos fundamentais no ?mbito constitucional

L'ordre juridique international appréhende une collectivité infra-étatique comme un organe de l'État souverain. Cette logique classique d'assimilation, guidée par une lecture étatiste des rapports internationaux, y conditionne les opérations d'identification d'un engagement en raison d'un acte juridique, d'imputation d'un fait illicite et d'établissement d'une capacité à ester en justice. Dans ce contexte, une collectivité infra-étatique ne dispose pas d'une personnalité juridique propre, réserve faite du cas particulier des collectivités fédérées. Originellement internationaux, les ordres juridiques de l'Union européenne (U.E.) et du Conseil de l'Europe conservent une part de cet héritage. Toutefois, l'incorporation des collectivités infra-étatiques à cet édifice juridique régional, certes encore dominé par les États, les hisse progressivement au rang d'actrices singulières. L'autonomisation des deux ordres juridiques européens à l'égard de ces mécanismes internationaux classiques et la réalisation du principe d'immédiateté amènent alors à reconsidérer la pertinence d'une assimilation systématique des collectivités infra-étatiques à la figure de l'État et à prendre plus régulièrement en compte leur personnalité juridique distincte, telle que consacrée en droit interne. Cette logique nouvelle de personnification, qui trouve à s'exprimer dans une dimension verticale (i.e. dans les rapports entre les ordres juridiques internes et européens) et horizontale (i.e. dans les rapports entre les ordres juridiques internes des États) reste encore imparfaite. / The international legal system perceives a sub-state collectivity as a sovereign State's organ. This classical logic of assimilation, led by a statist perception of international relations, conducts the operations of identification of a commitment due to a juridical act, attribution of a wrongful act and acceptance of standing. In this context, a sub-state collectivity is not considered as a juridical person, subject to the particular situation of federated collectivities. Originally international, European Union's (E.U.) and Council of Europe's legal systems retain a measure of this heritage. However, the incorporation of sub-state collectivities in this regional legal system, admittedly still dominated by States, raises them gradually to the rank of singular actresses. The empowerment of both European legal systems from these classical international mechanisms and the realization of the principle of immediacy bring to reconsider the relevance of a systematic assimilation of the sub-state collectivities as insignificant parts of State and take account of their own juridical personality, such as established by domestic law. This new logic of personification, which develops vertical (i.e. relations between European and domestic legal systems) and horizontal dimensions (i.e. relations between domestic legal systems) is still imperfect. When they're not considered as State's organs, sub-state collectivities are sometimes perceived as individuals, who try to satisfy their own interests without any reference to general interest.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:33:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thiago Ferreira Lion.pdf: 1561226 bytes, checksum: eae75063f0ebc6e2b10efb486893e860 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-06 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / This research is dedicated to the work of the philosopher, historian and German economist Alfred Sohn-Rethel and the contributions that his theory has to offer for the analyses of law. The analysis of the commodity form made by Marx is the starting point for criticism of the theory of knowledge by the author which shows how humans can have a pure knowledge, separated from the empirical level, which Kant refers to when he says of the existence of a priori categories of knowledge. The emergence of conceptual thinking, of formal logic, is the main discussion of his work and base from which to take elements to the analysis of that social phenomenon which we call law. / Esta pesquisa é dedicada à obra do filósofo, historiador e economista alemão Alfred Sohn-Rethel e às contribuições que sua teoria tem a oferecer para a análise do direito. A análise da forma mercadoria efetuada por Marx é o ponto de partida para a crítica da teoria do conhecimento feita pelo autor, que revela como é possível os humanos terem um conhecimento puro , desvinculado do nível empírico, ao qual se refere Kant quando afirma a existência de categorias a priori do conhecimento. O surgimento do pensamento conceitual, da lógica formal, é o debate principal de sua obra e base a partir da qual se retira elementos para a análise daquele fenômeno social ao qual chamamos de direito.