Next generation heterogeneous wireless networks are expected to interwork with Internet Protocol (IP)-based infrastructures. Conventional network services operate like silos in that a specific set of services are offered over a specific type of access network. As access networks evolve to provide IP-based packet access, it becomes attractive to break these “service silos” by offering a converged set of IP-based services to users who may access these services using a number of alternative access networks. This trend has started with third generation cellular mobile networks, which have standardized on the use of the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) to manage user access to a wide variety of multimedia services over the mobile Internet, while facilitating interworking of heterogeneous wireless and landline access networks. The future users of communication systems will subscribe to both IP-based and Circuit Switched (CS) based services and in the foreseeable future a single database that handles user profiles across all domains will be required. Home Subscriber Server (HSS) as an evolved version of Home Location Register (HLR) is one of the key components of IMS. In deploying HSS as a central repository database, in a fully overlapped heterogeneous network setting, changes of access mode are very frequent and conveying this information to HSS imposes excessive signaling load and delay. In our proposed scheme we introduce an Interface Agent (IA) for each location area that caches the location and information about the access mode through which a user can be reached. This method results in significant amount of savings in signaling cost and better delay performance. The existing call delivery approaches in cellular networks may not be well suited for future communication systems because they suffer from unnecessary usage of network resources for call attempts that may fail which adds to excessive signaling delays and queuing costs. Reducing the number of queries and retrievals from the database will have a significant impact on the network performance. We present a new scheme based on Reverse Virtual Call setup (RVC) as a solution to the call delivery problem in heterogeneous wireless networks and evaluate the performance of this framework. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of / Graduate

This Master’s thesis deals with IMS architecture problems. This thesis describes its creation and progress, also structure of this architecture is mentioned. Text of this thesis describes function of the most important parts of the architecture, such as Proxy-CSCF, Interrogating-CSCF, Serving-CSCF and HSS. IMS architecture uses SIP protocol for establishment, maintenance and closing session and Diameter protocol for network management functions. That is why this thesis also describes characteristics of these two protocols. Next part of the thesis is focused on Open-source platform Open IMS Core and its installation. Open IMS Core platform was developed for testing IMS technologies within an internal project at the Fraunhofer Institute FOKUS in Berlin. Nowadays it is used by major part of vendors and providers for testing their products and services. As a main theme of this thesis, there was made a simple network, which consists of three users. This network is established on fundamentals of IMS and it was made in Open IMS Core. So in one chapter is outlined a process of its creation. There is described a process of adding a user list to database server HSS. In the next part there are mentioned some information about setup of virtual IMS terminal. Eventually there are shown some possibilities of how to catch traffic in the network. In this chapter there are also state diagrams, which describe a process of registration of IMS terminal and also a process of establishment, maintenance and closing session.

Submitted by Hellen Luz (hellencrisluz@gmail.com) on 2017-10-02T17:05:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_TechniquesDownstreamRate.pdf: 1238526 bytes, checksum: 6b7ca82987aca1343ace4357e45edf39 (MD5) / Rejected by Irvana Coutinho (irvana@ufpa.br), reason: Devolvendo... on 2017-10-03T14:13:39Z (GMT) / Submitted by Hellen Luz (hellencrisluz@gmail.com) on 2017-10-03T14:15:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_TechniquesDownstreamRate.pdf: 1238526 bytes, checksum: 6b7ca82987aca1343ace4357e45edf39 (MD5) / Rejected by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br), reason: on 2017-10-10T17:03:03Z (GMT) / Submitted by Hellen Luz (hellencrisluz@gmail.com) on 2017-10-16T14:12:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_TechniquesDownstreamRate.pdf: 1238526 bytes, checksum: 6b7ca82987aca1343ace4357e45edf39 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2017-11-13T15:44:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_TechniquesDownstreamRate.pdf: 1238526 bytes, checksum: 6b7ca82987aca1343ace4357e45edf39 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-13T15:44:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_TechniquesDownstreamRate.pdf: 1238526 bytes, checksum: 6b7ca82987aca1343ace4357e45edf39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-10 / FADESP - Fundação de Amparo e Desenvolvimento da Pesquisa / Conforme a tecnologia DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) atinge o seu limite de largura de banda física e o modelo Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) se torna um substituto em potencial, novas técnicas são desenvolvidas para lidar com as exigências da indústria de acesso à Internet. Nesse contexto, o padrão recém acordado do International Telecommunication Union (ITU), o G.9700 (G.fast) traz para a rede de cobre uma renovação de sua vida útil, com o uso de técnicas como o Vectoring. Esta, apesar de ser uma ferramenta poderosa para que DSL se torne uma tecnologia competitiva para a fibra óptica, ainda deve lidar com o problema de que os assinantes podem obter taxas diferentes em seus CPEs (Customer Premises Equipments), causado principalmente por aspectos físicos do canal. Com isso em mente, este trabalho propõe métodos para balancear as taxas entregues às linhas dos usuários no downstream. Isso é feito por meio de diferentes ordenações das colunas da matriz do canal, em cenários que utilizam o Precoder Tomlinson-Harashima (THP) até 200 MHz. Simulações foram feitas usando cada método de balanceamento de taxas em seis cabos medidos, a fim de demonstrar os progressos de cada método. Estas simulações são estendidas para o ainda não validado cenário Near-Far, que tenta representar as situações em que algumas linhas têm comprimento maior do que outras, e serve apenas como referência. Os métodos propostos produziram resultados promissores de balanceamento, com reduções de até 95,79% do desvio padrão para o cabo Swisscom I51, quando se comparando resultados de um método de algoritmo genético com aqueles do THP. / As the DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) technology reaches its physical bandwidth limit and the Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) model becomes a potential substitute, new techniques and standards are developed to cope with the requirements from the Internet access industry. In this context, the newly agreed G.9700 (G.fast) standard, from the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), brings to the copper plant a renewal of its lifespan with the use of techniques such as Vectoring. Although Vectoring is a powerful tool for DSL to become a competitive technology for optical fiber, it must deal with the problem that subscribers still may get differing rates at their CPEs (Customer Premises Equipment), caused mainly by physical aspects of the channel. With that in mind, this work proposes methods of balancing the achievable rates delivered to user lines at Downstream. This is done by using different column sortings of the channel matrix, in scenarios that utilize the Tomlinson-Harashima Precoder (THP) up to 200 MHz. Simulations using each rate balancing method on six measured cables are made in order to show each method’s progress. These simulations are extended to the Near-Far Scenario, which tries to resemble the situations where some lines have greater length than others, that is, differing distances between the CPE and the DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer). The proposed methods yielded promising balancing result, with reductions of up to 95.79% of the standard deviation for the Swisscom I51 cable, when comparing results of a genetic algorithm method with those of the THP.

Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία μελετάται έλεγχος της λειτουργίας ενός πλήθους διαφορετικών τεχνολογιών δικτύου, όπως το Ψηφιακό Δίκτυο Ενοποιημένων Υπηρεσιών (Integrated Services Digital Network, ISDN), ο ψηφιακός βρόχος συνδρομητή (Digital Subscriber Loop), οι τεχνολογίες SHDSL,VDSL κ.α. Αφότου έγινε μια εκτενής περιγραφή των περισσότερων τύπων δικτύων και διεξοδική μελέτη των λειτουργιών τους, προσδιορίστηκαν οι τεχνολογίες δικτύου που είναι εφικτό να μελετηθούν στα πλαίσια ενός εργαστηριακού μαθήματος. Για την επίτευξη του στόχου αυτού δη-μιουργήθηκαν μια σειρά εργαστηριακών ασκήσεων που βοηθούν στην κατανόηση τόσο των συγκεκριμένων τεχνολογιών (και των μεταξύ τους διαφορών) όσο και των πολυάριθμων ελέγχων που είναι δυνατό να διεξαχθούν για την παρακολούθηση και συντήρηση των συγκεκριμένων δικτύων. Εν κατακλείδι η εργασία αποτελεί ένα χρήσιμο εργαλείο για τη μελέτη των πιο σημαντικών τεχνολογιών δικτύου. / This diploma thesis examines the monitoring of the functions, of many network technologies such as the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), the Digital Subscriber Loop (DSL), the SHDSL, VDSL technologies and more. After an extensive reference of the most network types and a comprehensive study of their functions, it has been determined which of those is possible to be examined as a part of lab course. In order for this goal to be achieved, it has been created a set of laboratory exercises that help in the understanding of these network technologies, the differences between them and the multiple tests that can be conducted for the monitoring and maintenance of those networks. In conclusion this diploma thesis is useful tool in the study of the most important network technologies.

Please read the abstract in the front matter this document / Dissertation (M Eng (Electronic Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / unrestricted

Orientadores: João Marcos Travassos Romano, Renato da Rocha Lopes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T11:11:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferrari_Rafael_D.pdf: 1296185 bytes, checksum: 371d066f2d7901daa13e425b71cd9ce8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O trabalho é dividido em duas partes e trata de três problemas importantes existentes nos sistemas de comunicação: o gerenciamento espectral, o cancelamento de interferências e a equalização de canais. Na primeira parte do trabalho, abordamos a otimização de sistemas multiportadora DSL, sistemas estes usados na transmissão em banda larga de dados através das linhas telefônicas. No contexto de gerenciamento espectral distribuído, é proposto um algoritmo iterativo para alocação discreta de bits e sua convergência e desempenho são analisados. No âmbito de sistemas centralizados, nos quais é possível a coordenação entre os sinais e entre os espectros dos usuários, propomos uma técnica MIMO de cancelamento de crosstalk baseada na decomposição em valores singulares e no critério zero-forcing. Além disso, propomos também uma estratégia para bitloading discreto que leva em consideração as técnicas de cancelamento de interferência. Na segunda parte do trabalho, analisamos o uso de filtros preditivos não lineares na equalização não supervisionada de canais de comunicação. O desempenho de tais estruturas é comparado com o equalizador de mínima taxa de erro / Abstract: The work is divided into two parts and deals with three major problems in communication systems: spectrum management, interference cancellation and channel equalization. In the first part, we discuss the optimization of multicarrier DSL systems, a technology used for broadband transmission of data over telephone lines. In the context of distributed spectrum management, an iterative algorithm for discrete bit allocation is proposed and its convergence and performance are analyzed. In the context of centralized systems, where coordination is possible between signals and between the spectra of users, we propose a MIMO technique for crosstalk cancelation based on singular value decomposition and on the zero-forcing criterion. In addition, we also propose a strategy for discrete bitloading that takes into account the interference cancellation techniques. In the second part of the work, we analyze the use of nonlinear predictive filters applied to the unsupervised equalization of communication channels. The performance of these structures is compared with the minimum error rate equalizer / Doutorado / Telecomunicações e Telemática / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

Submitted by Hellen Luz (hellencrisluz@gmail.com) on 2017-10-05T16:43:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_DeterminacaoFuncaoTransferencia.pdf: 8874800 bytes, checksum: 2cd17e212f48c1cdeff100a1289239ad (MD5) / Rejected by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br), reason: on 2017-10-10T17:05:27Z (GMT) / Submitted by Hellen Luz (hellencrisluz@gmail.com) on 2017-10-16T15:38:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_DeterminacaoFuncaoTransferencia.pdf: 8874800 bytes, checksum: 2cd17e212f48c1cdeff100a1289239ad (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2017-11-14T14:33:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_DeterminacaoFuncaoTransferencia.pdf: 8874800 bytes, checksum: 2cd17e212f48c1cdeff100a1289239ad (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-14T14:33:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_DeterminacaoFuncaoTransferencia.pdf: 8874800 bytes, checksum: 2cd17e212f48c1cdeff100a1289239ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-02 / A tecnologia digital subscriber line (DSL) tem por objetivo explorar todo o potencial dos enlaces metálicos telefônicos no provimento de acesso em banda larga. Por outro lado, os enlaces metálicos podem apresentar capacidades de transmissão bem distintas devido a diferenças em suas topologias. Portanto, é importante mensurar a real capacidade de cada enlace antes da implantação do serviço DSL. Esse processo chama-se qualificação de enlaces. O cálculo da capacidade de transmissão de um enlace perpassa pela determinação de sua função de transferência. As técnicas de qualificação existentes determinam a função de transferência a partir da comunicação entre equipamentos na central e na casa do assinante ou indiretamente, a partir do conhecimento da topologia do enlace sob teste. Ambos os processos não são adequados num cenário de pré-implantação do serviço DSL, pois envolvem custos adicionais com envio de técnico a localidade do assinante, dependência de registros atualizados por parte das operadoras (quase nunca disponíveis) ou o emprego de técnicas sofisticadas de identificação de topologia. Assim sendo, o objetivo do presente trabalho é propor um método de determinação da função de transferência de enlaces metálicos que não necessite de conhecimento prévio da topologia, que utilize somente informações coletadas na central telefônica e que não necessite de intervenção humana na localidade do assinante. Essencialmente, a forma geral do método do método proposto descreve analiticamente a função de transferência do enlace sob teste em função de suas impedâncias de entrada em curto-circuito e circuito aberto, vistas a partir da central, e da sua assimetria. Também foi desenvolvido um algoritmo o qual estima a impedância de entrada em curto-circuito a partir da detecção das envoltórias da impedância em circuito aberto. Ao utilizar esse estimador conjuntamente com a forma geral do método proposto, é possível determinar a função de transferência a partir de uma única medição de impedância feita na central e sem nenhuma intervenção humana na localidade do assinante. O método proposto foi avaliado em duas etapas distintas. Na primeira, avaliou-se o desempenho da forma geral do método. Os testes consistiram de comparação com um método de referência, usando dados simulados para três enlaces; aplicação do método proposto a uma bateria de dados simulados gerados a partir de um gerador arbitrário de topologias; e aplicação do método a medições de impedância realizadas em laboratório com oito enlaces reais. A segunda etapa diz respeito à aplicação conjunta da forma geral do método e do estimador de impedância em curto-circuito para dois dos enlaces medidos em laboratório. Os resultados obtidos para dados simulados demonstram que a forma geral do método proposto tem comprovada eficácia, fornecendo estimativas bem abaixo do limiar definido (< 3 dB por tom DSL). Para dados medidos, a forma geral do método determinou a função de transferência de sete dos enlaces com desvio por tom abaixo de 1,5 dB, mas falhou para o enlace com duas derivações, sendo uma junto à localidade do assinante. Com relação aos resultados para a aplicação conjunta da forma geral e do estimador, as estimativas de função de transferência foram equivalentes àquelas obtidas pela forma geral do método proposto, apesar de apresentarem desvios mais acentuados no início e no final da faixa de frequências. Esses desvios mais acentuados devem-se principalmente a versão atual do bloco de detecção de envoltórias do estimador de impedância em curto-circuito, que apresenta desempenho limitado, sobretudo para enlaces com mais de duas seções seriais. / The digital subscriber line (DSL) technology aims at exploiting the full potential of the telephone metallic lines on providing broadband access. On the other hand, the telephone lines may have distinct transmission capacities due to differences on their topologies. Therefore, it is important to measure the actual transmission capacity of each line before the DSL service deployment. This process is called line qualification. The determination of the transmission capacity of metallic lines requires previous determination of their transfer function. The existent qualification techniques determine the transfer function from the communication between equipments at the central office and the customer’s premises or indirectly, from knowledge about the topology of the line under test. Both processes are not in line with a pre-deployment scenario since they imply additional costs with the dispatching of technicians to the subscriber’s site, dependency of updated records about the telephone network (rarely available) or use of sophisticated line topology techniques. Therefore, the goal of this work is to propose a method for determining the transfer function of metallic lines with the following features: it does not need previous knowledge about the line topology, it uses information collected just at the central office (CO) and it does not require any human intervention at the subscriber’s site. Essentially, the general form of the proposed method analytically describes the transfer function of the line under test in function of its short and open-circuited input impedances, taken from the CO, and its asymmetry. Additionally, an algorithm that derives the short-circuited input impedance from the envelopes of the open-circuited one was developed. By applying this algorithm together with the general form of the proposed method, it is possible to determine the transfer function from just an open-circuited input impedance measurement and without any human intervention at the subscriber’s site. The proposed method was evaluated in two steps. The first step concerns the evaluation of the general form of the method. Specifically, the tests involve baseline comparison using simulated data for threeline topologies, application of the method to a bunch of simulated data generated from an arbitrary lines generator, and evaluation using measurements performed in laboratory for eight real test lines. The second step concerns the joint application of the general form of the method and the algorithm that estimates the short-circuited input impedance to measured data for two of the test lines reproduced in laboratory. The results for simulated data indicate that the general form of the proposed method is efficient, providing estimates well below the defined threshold (< 3 dB per DSL tone). For measurements, the general form of the method has estimated the transfer function of seven from the test lines with deviation per tone below 1.5 dB, but it failed for the line with two bridged-taps, being one very close to the subscriber’s site. Concerning the joint application of the general form of the proposed method and the algorithm that estimates the short-circuited input impedance, the transfer function estimations have been equivalent to those provided by the general form of the method, but with significant deviations in the beginning and in the end of the frequency band. These significant deviations are due to the current version of the envelope detector block of the algorithm that has limited performance, especially for lines with more than two serial sections.

Distributed event processing systems suffer from poor scalability and inefficient resource usage caused by load distributions typical in real-world applications. The results of these shortcomings are availability issues, poor system performance, and high operating costs. This thesis proposes three remedies to solve these limitations in content-based publish/subscribe, which is a practical realization of an event processing system. First, we present a load balancing algorithm that relocates subscribers to distribute load and avoid overloads. Second, we propose publisher relocation algorithms that reduces both the load imposed onto brokers and delivery delay experienced by subscribers. Third, we present ``green" resource allocation algorithms that allocate as few brokers as possible while maximizing their resource usage efficiency by reconfiguring the publishers, subscribers, and the broker topology. We implemented and evaluated all of our approaches on an open source content-based publish/subscribe system called PADRES and evaluated them on SciNet, PlanetLab, a cluster testbed, and in simulations to prove the effectiveness of our solutions. Our evaluation findings are summarized as follows. One, the proposed load balancing algorithm is effective in distributing and balancing load originating from a single server to all available servers in the network. Two, our publisher relocation algorithm reduces the average input load of the system by up to 68%, average broker message rate by up to 85%, and average delivery delay by up to 68%. Three, our resource allocation algorithm reduces the average broker message rate even further by up to 92% and the number of allocated brokers by up to 91%.

Distributed event processing systems suffer from poor scalability and inefficient resource usage caused by load distributions typical in real-world applications. The results of these shortcomings are availability issues, poor system performance, and high operating costs. This thesis proposes three remedies to solve these limitations in content-based publish/subscribe, which is a practical realization of an event processing system. First, we present a load balancing algorithm that relocates subscribers to distribute load and avoid overloads. Second, we propose publisher relocation algorithms that reduces both the load imposed onto brokers and delivery delay experienced by subscribers. Third, we present ``green" resource allocation algorithms that allocate as few brokers as possible while maximizing their resource usage efficiency by reconfiguring the publishers, subscribers, and the broker topology. We implemented and evaluated all of our approaches on an open source content-based publish/subscribe system called PADRES and evaluated them on SciNet, PlanetLab, a cluster testbed, and in simulations to prove the effectiveness of our solutions. Our evaluation findings are summarized as follows. One, the proposed load balancing algorithm is effective in distributing and balancing load originating from a single server to all available servers in the network. Two, our publisher relocation algorithm reduces the average input load of the system by up to 68%, average broker message rate by up to 85%, and average delivery delay by up to 68%. Three, our resource allocation algorithm reduces the average broker message rate even further by up to 92% and the number of allocated brokers by up to 91%.

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in next generation wireless systems provides high downlink data rates by employing frequency-domain scheduling and rate adaptation at the base station (BS). However, in order to control the significant feedback overhead required by these techniques, feedback reduction schemes are essential. Best-m feedback is one such scheme that is implemented in OFDM standards such as Long Term Evolution. In it, the sub channel (SC) power gains of only the m strongest SCs and their corresponding indices are fed back to the BS. However, two assumptions pervade most of the literature that analyze best-m feedback in OFDM systems. The first one is that the SC gains are uncorrelated. In practice, however, the SC gains are highly correlated, even for dispersive multipath channels. The second assumption deals with the treatment of unreported SCs, which are not fed back by the best-m scheme. If no user reports an SC, then no data transmission is assumed to occur. In this thesis, we eschew these assumptions and investigate best-m feedback in OFDM systems with correlated SC gains. We, first, characterize the average throughput as a function of correlation and m. A uniform correlation model is assumed, i.e., the SC gains are correlated with each other by the same correlation coefficient. The system model incorporates greedy, modified proportional- fair, and round robin schedulers, discrete rate adaptation, and non-identically distributed SC gains of different users. We, then, generalize the model to account for feedback delay. We show in all these cases that correlation degrades the average throughput. We also show that this effect does not arise when users report all the SC power gains to the BS. In order to mitigate the reduction in the average throughput caused by unreported SCs, we derive a novel, constrained minimum mean square error channel estimator for the best-m scheme to estimate the gains of these unreported SCs. The estimator makes use of the additional information, which is unique to the best-m scheme, that the estimated SC power gains must be less than those that were reported. We, then, study its implications on the downlink average cell throughput, again for different schedulers. We show that our approach reduces the root mean square error and increases the average throughput compared to several approaches pursued in the literature. The more correlated the SC gains, greater is the improvement.