Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2012-07-20T19:38:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Joana Paixao Monteiro. Análise da variabilidade genética do vírus da....pdf: 5164575 bytes, checksum: de810e999facd7c4e9d33d14ad2ed0e3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-20T19:38:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joana Paixao Monteiro. Análise da variabilidade genética do vírus da....pdf: 5164575 bytes, checksum: de810e999facd7c4e9d33d14ad2ed0e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, Bahia, Brasil / O grupo M do HIV -1 envolve a maioria das infecções mundiais e é composto por nove subtipos, denominados de A-K. Esta intensa variabilidade genética reflete-se no surgimento partículas virais com diferentes comportamentos biológicos. Estes representam os principais obstáculos para a eficiência da resposta imune humana e para o desenvolvimento de vacinas e terapias universais. O estudo molecular e biológico do HIV pode contribuir para o melhor entendimento de suas propriedades, para a escolha adequada de estratégias terapêuticas e para a vigilância da epidemia de HIV / AIDS. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o perfil epidemiológico e molecular do HIV - 1 no estado da Bahia. Para tanto, foram estudadas amostras de DNA provenientes de 261 indivíduos infectados pelo HIV, acompanhados em um hospital de Salvador, a capital do estado. Destas, 228 e 208 amostras foram analisadas através de HMA nos genes gag e env, respectivamente, e 175 foram caracterizadas em ambos os genes. Adicionalmente, 32 amostras de subtipos F e recombinantes BF foram seqüenciadas e analisadas através de métodos filogenéticos. Uma proporção significativa de resultados divergentes entre o HMA e as análises filogenéticas foi observada (84.4%). Os resultados combinados mostraram sete diferentes genótipos de HIV - 1: 147 (84%) B/B, 4 (2.3%) F/F, 3 (1.7%) B/F, 1 (0.6%) F/B, 1 (0.6%) FIO, 1 (0.6%) BF/F e 18 (10.3%) BF/B. As seqüências recombinantes BF não foram relacionadas à Forma Recombinante Circulante (CRF) CRF12, enquanto apenas duas foram relacionadas à CRF28 e à CRF29. 19 variantes BF compartilharam o mesmo ponto de recombinação em gago Em adição, 7 recombinantes BF circulantes na região de Feira de Santana apresentando padrão similar de recombinação, mostraram-se filogeneticamente relacionados aos recombinantes encontrados em Salvador. Em conclusão, o subtipo B é o genótipo predominante, entretanto, a prevalência (13.1%) de variantes BF divergentes entre si e uma possível nova CRF sugerem que recombinação genética está ocorrendo :&eqüentemente nesta região do país. O uso da técnica de HMA não é apropriado em regiões onde diferentes subtipos estão co-circulando e onde a presença de vírus recombinantes é esperada. A epidemia de HIV / AIDS local caracteriza-se por um crescente número de casos entre mulheres e associada a transmissão por via heterossexual. Em particular, a epidemia de subtipo F na Bahia está relacionada aos indivíduos do sexo feminino e à via de transmissão heterossexual. A presença de um vírus recombinante FIO foi reportado pela primeira vez no Brasil. / The Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV -I) is characterized by high levels of genetic variability. The majority of the HIV-I infections worldwide is caused by group M strains, which have been c1assified into 9 different genetic subtypes (A-K). As a result ofthis great genetic variability, the virus is also characterized by a diversity of phenotypes, which represents a major obstac1e to the immune system function and to the long-term efficiency of antiretroviral therapy. Therefore, studies involving molecular and biological aspects of HIV-I can contribute to the understanding of its properties, the development of therapeutic and control strategies, and the monitoring of the HIV / AIDS epidemic. The aim of this study is to investigate the epidemiological and genetic variability of HIV -I in the Brazilian state of Bahia. DNA samples from 229 and 213 HIV-I-infected individuaIs followed at a hospital in Salvador, the capital of Bahia, were analyzed using the Heteroduplex Mobility Assay (HMA) in gag and env genes, respectively. Out of these, 175 samples were characterized in both genes. Thirty-two subtype F and BF recombinant viruses were sequenced and analyzed by phylogenetic methods. The combined data showed that seven different HIV -I genotypes comprised this sample: 147 (84%) B/B, 4 (2.3%) F/F, 3 (1.7%) B/F, 1 (0.6%) F/B, 1 (0.6%) F/D, I (0.6%) BF/F, and 18 (10.3%) BF/B. A significant divergence was observed between the HMA and the sequencing results (84.4%). This could be explained by the low accuracy of the HMA for detecting recombinant viruses. These variants were unrelated to CRFI2, while two sequences were related to CRF28 and CRF29. Nineteen BF mosaics shared the same gag breakpoint. In addition, 7 BF recombinants from the city Feira de Santana presenting the same recombination pattern were related to the variants found in Salvador in the phylogenetic analysis. In conc1usion, subtype B is the most common genotype, however, an increasing prevalence (13.1%) of different BF variants and a potentially new CRF suggest that recombination is occurring frequent1y in Bahia. The use of HMA may be inappropriate in regions where different subtypes are co-circulating. The local HIV / AIDS epidemic follows the national epidemiological trends being mainly associated with heterosexual transmission and with an increasing number of cases among women. The subtype F epidemic was associated with women infected heterosexually. Finally, this study identified the presence of an F /D recombinant HIV -I in Brazil.

En 2016, environ 53 070 patients ont reçu un diagnostic d'adénocarcinome canalaire pancréatique (PDA) aux États-Unis et la plupart d'entre eux mourront de leur maladie dans les 5 ans. Le registre belge du cancer rapporte une incidence estimée à 1200 nouveaux cas par an. La survie globale à 5 ans pour toutes stades confondus a marginalement augmenté au cours des 50 dernières années, passant de 2 à 6%, malgré l'imagerie, les soins périopératoires et l'amélioration des techniques chirurgicales.La chirurgie reste la seule chance de guérison, cependant, seulement 10-15% des patients nouvellement diagnostiqués sont jugés éligibles pour une chirurgie. Même s'il existe peu d'autres modalités de traitement efficaces qui puissent considérablement prolonger la survie globale, la plupart des patients finiront par mourir de métastases au foie, au poumon et / ou au péritoine, les sites de propagation les plus courants. Les patients, les cliniciens et les chercheurs restent frustrés par le manqué d’outils thérapeutiques et des nouvelles stratégies sont nécessaires pour comprendre et mieux prendre en charge cette maladie.Le terme «cancer» engendre un sentiment de peur et colère, en particulier quand on est confronté au diagnostic dévastateur de cancer du pancréas. En plus, une réaction commune est de personnifier le cancer comme une entité maléfique qui doit être combattue pour sauver la vie du patient. Les armes pour cette bataille comprennent le scalpel d'un chirurgien, la chimiothérapie, la radiothérapie, les thérapies ciblées, les immunothérapies, les approches holistiques et la foi religieuse. Mais nous avons trop souvent oublié ou sous-estimé la contribution de la recherche translationnelle pour la médecine de précision, pour mieux adapter les thérapies et éviter les toxicités inutiles.Dans un sens biologique, qu'est-ce qu'un cancer du pancréas ou un cancer? Le cancer est une maladie génétique, soumise à un phénomène évolutif avec ses propres règles, contraintes et caractéristiques prévisibles qui mènent finalement à un phénotype unique.La stratégie "one size fits all" dans la PDA a souvent échoué dans les essais de nouveaux médicaments dans une population non sélectionnée.Cette thèse est une contribution modeste et authentique à une approche plus personnalisée du PDA, de l'acquisition tissulaire, à l'analyse de biomarqueurs tissulaires, à une analyse moléculaire plus profonde afin de mieux comprendre cette maladie mortelle et de proposer l'intégration de biomarqueurs dans le developpement d’etudes cliniques guides par les analyses moléculaires. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Theory and research suggest that at least two subgroups of individuals with psychopathicpersonality that can be differentiated based on their levels of anxiety. What we know so far ofthe distinction between these subgroups is based predominantly on relatively small samples ofmales in institutionalized populations. The present study is the first to use a large andrandomly selected sample of the general population to try to identify subgroups of individualswith psychopathic personality separately for males and females (n=2500; 52.6% females;M=22.15; SD=1.38). Latent profile analysis suggested a two-group solution; where bothsubgroups were high on psychopathic traits, but low respectively high on a measure ofanxiety. The identified subgroups differed across theoretically and empirically relevantconstructs in that the high anxious group reported significantly more maltreatment history,aggression, symptoms of ADHD and post-traumatic stress, and treatment involvement.Generally, the differences between the high anxious and the low anxious subgroups were thesame for males and females, but an important difference was that the female high anxioussubgroup reported being significantly more involved in treatment. In conclusion, the gainedsubgroups are in several ways, but not in all, in line with theories of primary and secondary psychopathy.

No description available.

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is an illness that significantly reduces the quality of life of those affected by the disorder. Current and past research has established a relationship between an authoritarian parenting style and the development of OCD. There is an absence of research regarding the influence of parenting styles on the development of different subtypes of OCD. This study examined the relationship of Baumrind's parenting styles (permissive, authoritarian, and restrictive) as gathered from participant answers on the Parenting Behavior Questionnaire and the OCD subtypes (contamination, harm, unwanted thoughts, and symmetry) as gathered from participant answers to the Dimensional Obsessive Compulsive Scale. Participants were 140 members of OCD Foundations within the United States, between the ages of 18 and 69, who self-selected to take the online survey that was linked to them by an e-mail from the foundations. A one-way between subjects ANOVA showed no significant difference between the 3 parenting styles and the 4 subtypes of OCD. Future studies should use a clinical sample that isolates participants for the specific diagnosed OCD subtypes. This isolation would eliminate the limitation of this study that had participants answering questions across all subtypes, regardless of their diagnosis. This study may impact social change by furthering the discussion of how parenting and OCD may be related, thus helping scholars, educators, and other professionals to be more proactive in guiding parents when raising their children.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第20567号 / 医博第4252号 / 新制||医||1022(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 古川 壽亮, 教授 髙橋 良輔, 教授 富樫 かおり / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Interaction with chlorethylclonidine has been used to subdivide populations of α1-adrenoceptors in some tissues. WB 4101 can distinguish high and low affinity states of the receptor. The present study was carried out to determine if different populations or affinity states of α1-adrenoceptors distinguished by either of these compounds, could explain the variation in α1-adrenoceptor agonist affinity found amongst rabbit arteries. Five arteries were studied whose affinity for noradrenaline vary between 4.8 and 6.4. These were the thoracic aorta, renal, superior mesenteric, ear and ovarian arteries. WB 4101 was found to be equally effective in antagonizing noradrenaline on all arteries. Chlorethylclonidine caused a 20-fold rightward shift of the noradrenaline dose-contraction curve in the thoracic aorta; but had little or no effect on the other vessels. Thus, the combination of different proportionsof subsets of α1-adrenoceptors distinguished by WB 4101 or chlorethylclonidine does not explain the variation in α1-adrenoceptor affinity found in these rabbit arteries.

No description available.

The purpose of the study was to explore sensory processing patterns with children ages 5 to 12 years who are diagnosed with two subtypes of ADHD, inattention and hyperactive- impulsive and with children who do not have ADHD. The study delineated children with ADHD from a control group of children without ADHD and how sensory processing issues affect the population with ADHD. The participants were parents or caregivers of children aged 5 to 12 years diagnosed with ADHD and parents or caregivers of children aged 5 to 12 years without a diagnosis of ADHD. The participants totaled 45 with 26 participants in the ADHD group and 19 participants in the non ADHD group. Parents or caregivers completed the SSP Caregiver Questionnaire, the Sensory Processing Measure [SPM], and the Connors Parent Rating Scale-Revised: Short Form. The independent t-test was the statistical procedure used to determine whether the means of the ADHD and non-ADHD groups were statistically different from each other. A Pearson correlation was calculated to measure the degree of association between the children with ADHD and non-ADHD with the types of sensory processing patterns. Finding suggested that children who score high on these ADHD scales have more sensory processing difficulties. Children with hyperactivity ADHD scored a significantly higher mean then children with inattention on an auditory subtest and on a under responsive subtest. Children with inattentive ADHD scored a significantly higher mean than children with hyperactivity on a touch subtest. / Occupational Therapy

<p>α₁- and α₂-Adrenoceptors are involved in various physiological events in the eye: blood flow regulation, aqueous humor dynamics and pupil regulation. The α₁- and α₂-adrenoceptors can be further subdivided into six subtypes (α_1A, α_1B, α_1D, α_2A , α_2B, and α_2C ). Currently available α1- and α₂-adrenergic drugs are not selective for the different subtypes and some ocular adrenergics have undesirable side-effects, both local and systemic. A better understanding of the subtype distribution in the eye would be useful when designing new drugs with greater efficacy and fewer adverse effects; this applies especially to the treatment of glaucoma. The purpose of the thesis was therefore to identify and localize the different subtypes of α₁- and α₂-adrenoceptors in the eye. </p><p>The identities of the α₁-adrenoceptor subtypes were studied in various parts of pig and albino rabbit eyes by radioligand binding. In the pig retina and in the albino rabbit iris, ciliary body and retina, mixed populations of α_1A- and α_1B-adrenoceptors were localized. In the rabbit choroid only the α_1A-adrenoceptor subtype was detected. </p><p>The α₂-adrenoceptor subtypes were also characterized by radioligand binding, in different parts of the pig eye. In the iris, ciliary body and choroid, only α_2A-adrenoceptors were localized, while in the retina, mostly α_2A-adrenoceptors and a minor population of α_2C-adrenoceptors were identified. High densities of α_2A-adrenoceptors were found in the ciliary body and choroid.</p><p>The effect of α₂-adrenoceptor agonists on the porcine ciliary artery was studied on a small-vessel myograph. α₂-Adrenoceptor agonists proved to be potent vasoconstrictors in the porcine ciliary artery and it was found that the vasoconstriction induced by brimonidine was mediated by the α_A-adrenoceptor.</p>