Police suicide has been a largely under-researched topic with a small number of quantitative studies- that limit the exploration of potential causals models in the literature. This restricts current scholarly explanations behind officer suicide, furtheradding barriers to adequate prevention and detection. This study was focused on possible explanations behind police suicide, using Zhang's strain theory of suicide and Joiner's interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide to explain the variables used in the model. Using a moderation model, the research question asked to what extent an officer's education level affects the relationship between levels of police officer misconduct and risk for suicide. This study used archival data collected in a national study on law enforcement officers, partially funded by the National Institute of Justice and published in 1997(N=412). Logistic regression was used to analyze significance of the model, ultimately being unable to detect significance between the variables, neither individually on an officer's risk for suicide (officer misconduct= p>.05; officer education= p>.05) nor combined as an interaction to an officer's risk for suicide (p>.05). Recommendations for future research include utilizing a research design that better controls officer risk for suicide by equally weighing suicidal and nonsuicidal groups of officers. This will allow for a researcher to more validly compare the influence of the variables by viewing the effect on both groups (suicidal vs. non-suicidal). Implications for social change include contributing to the under-researched literature base of police suicide, increasing awareness of police suicide through scholarly publication and presentations, and advocating for better educated officers.

L'enjeu de cette thèse est de définir ce que veut dire un suicide dans le monde militaire, de comprendre comment c'est un fait de gestion dans les armées et pourquoi il vaut mieux dire les choses afin de pouvoir mettre en place une véritable politique de prévention. Le tabou du non-dit de cette question dans les armées s’explique inconsciemment par le fait que chaque suicide d’un militaire vient contredire la fraternité d’arme que revendique l’armée comme étant son socle. / The aim of this thesis is to define what suicide means in the military world, to understand how it is a management fact in the armed forces and why it is better to express a matter in order to be able to implement a genuine prevention policy. The taboo of this unspoken issue in the armed forces is unconsciously explained by the fact that each suicide of a soldier is in contradiction with the arms’ brotherhood claimed by the army as its base.

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There is substantial evidence that suicidal behaviour is disproportionately observed among those with lower socioeconomic positions. Prior literature suggests that policy measures tackling severe socioeconomic deprivation may have impacts on decreasing the health gaps. Yet, little research has been conducted to examine the effects of social and welfare policies on suicidal behaviour and its inequality. This is in part because the understanding of the socioeconomic inequity in suicidal behaviour has been limited by the strong biological individualism, thereby overlooking the potential importance of social and welfare policies to tackle the population-level determinants of suicide. Using jurisdictional and temporal variations in social policies and patterns of suicide, this dissertation contributes to the literature by providing a summary of the current knowledge base of socioeconomic inequality in suicide and suicidal behaviour, identifying the knowledge gaps and future research questions, and adding novel evidence on the impacts of individual social policy and aggregate welfare generosity on suicide mortality and its inequality. In Chapter Two, consists of a scoping review of studies addressing socioeconomic inequalities in suicide and suicidal behaviour or the relationship between socioeconomic positions and different outcomes of suicidal behaviour in high-income countries with quality data. The literature is summarized to map the findings on the socioeconomic inequity in suicidal behaviour. The chapter concludes with an assessment of gaps in the current knowledge base and suggests a future research agenda. In Chapter Three, I examined whether relative welfare generosity in Canadian provinces is associated with overall suicide mortality and employment-based inequalities in suicide mortality by exploiting the provincial differences within Canada. In Chapter Four, I investigated the effects of two recent social pension reforms targeting older adults—Basic Old Age Pension (BOAP) and Basic Pension (BP)—implemented in South Korea on suicide mortality. Taken together, the findings of the dissertation contribute to the existing literature by mapping the relevant literature, identifying research gaps about socioeconomic inequalities in suicide, and suicidal behaviour, and examining the roles of social policy as a moderator of socioeconomic inequalities in suicide. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / There is substantial evidence that suicide and suicidal behaviour are disproportionately observed among those with lower socioeconomic positions. Prior literature suggests that policy measures tackling severe socioeconomic deprivation may have impacts on reducing health gaps. However, little research is conducted to examine what effects can be brought by social and welfare policies on suicidal behaviour. This dissertation contains three studies on socioeconomic inequality in suicide and suicidal behaviour and examines the impacts of socioeconomic policies and welfare generosity that may tackle inequality. The overarching aim of the dissertation is to advance our understandings of socioeconomic inequality in suicide and suicidal behaviour by providing a systematic analysis of socioeconomic inequality in suicide and suicidal behaviour and roles of social policy and welfare generosity on suicide and suicide inequality. The dissertation contributes to the literature by mapping the relevant literature, identifying research gaps about socioeconomic inequalities in suicide, and suicidal behaviour and demonstrate novel findings about the roles of social policy.

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This is a collection of two stories, one fiction and one non-fiction, in communication with one another. Both stories explore how trauma can transform a life. In "Tabula Rasa," Mena is unable to recall her past after being beaten and left for dead. She must choose whether to uncover her past or forget it and move forward with her life. Set in a town run by witches, Mena learns that both choices are dangerous. In "Eternal Second," the narrator recounts the aftermath of her husband's suicide. She explores how trauma invades all aspects of her life. In both stories, women must navigate a new life created by the destruction of the old one.

La suicidologie sera présentée comme une technologie de la société dont les principales opérations visent à articuler l'organisation qui la promeut aux pratiques sociales du contrôle et aux phénomènes qui lui servent de prétexte. On soutiendra que la suicidologie a fait disparaître le suicide en tant qu'objet d'étude et on exposera comment elle a rompu aussi bien avec la compréhension traditionnelle du suicide qu'avec la saisie phénoménologique immanente à la vie sociale. La suicidologie, en effet, est un ensemble d'opérations technoscientifiques d'intervention prenant après coup le nom et le statut de science ; par le développement de ses centres de prévention, elle est devenue une pratique d'intervention sociale et elle s'est aussi, par ses forums, constituée en réseau. Enfin, par son ONG, l'Association internationale de prévention du suicide (IASP), elle est bien intégrée dans une pratique non gouvernementale technico-institutionalisée de gestion de l'information et de réglementation concernant «la personne vulnérable à potentiel suicidaire» et ce, à l'échelle mondiale. Cet ensemble d'éléments en relation les uns avec les autres évoluent de telle façon que toute interaction de l'un des éléments avec les autres provoque une évolution de l'ensemble et que toute modification de l'ensemble se répercute sur chaque élément créant un processus de structuration et de changement propre à un système. Avec de tels outils innovateurs, la suicidologie prétend gérer le suicide au niveau local, national et international sans comprendre l'acte suicidaire, celui-ci étant réduit à une somme de souffrances qu'il est possible d'éviter comme le prône le fondateur américain de la suicidologie, Edwin Shneidman. Suivant en cela le modèle de la société thérapeutique américaine des années soixante, Shneidman a conduit des programmes d'éducation populaires sur les conduites à tenir en cas de suicide et des experts pour les implanter et les exporter. Ces outils de gestion agissent, au niveau du comportement individuel, pour transformer la mauvaise image qu'a de lui-même le suicidaire, en une image positive de «bien-être de soi-même » et, au niveau collectif, ils incitent au quotidien la collectivité à prendre en charge le souci de l'autre en procédant à la formation d'observateurs des conduites des gens de leurs milieux, observateurs capables d'alerter les thérapeutes et de «faire soigner». Cet objectif culturel de planification visant le « bien-être » en ce qui concerne la conduite humaine et ses aléas, d'abord soutenu par la politique sociale de l'État américain, est effectivement en train de se réaliser aujourd'hui, supporté qu'il est par le moyen des réseaux sociaux, technologiques et technocratiques dont dispose la suicidologie et cela non seulement aux États-Unis d'où la suicidologie provient, mais aussi dans tout pays où de telles pratiques thérapeutiques de gestion du comportement sont importées et s'implantent.

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