This study examined loneliness and future orientation as predictors of suicidal risk, namely, depressive symptoms and suicide ideation, in a sample of 228 college students (54 males and 174 females). Results of regression analyses indicated that loneliness was a significant predictor of both indices of suicidal risk. The inclusion of future orientation was found to significantly augment the prediction model of both depressive symptoms and suicide ideation, even after accounting for loneliness. Noteworthy, beyond loneliness and future orientation, the Loneliness × Future Orientation interaction term was found to further augment both prediction models of suicidal risk. Consistent with the notion that future orientation is an important buffer of suicidal risk, among lonely students, those with high future orientation, compared to low future orientation, were found to report significantly lower levels of depressive symptoms and suicide ideation. Some implications of the present findings for studying both risk and protective factors associated with suicidal risk in young adults are discussed.

Anger is often associated with poor physical and mental health, including suicidal behaviour. Anger expression is typically conceptualised as inward or outward-directed, with each mode of expression having potentially different aetiologies and health manifestations. Individual characteristics such as religion or spirituality may buffer against the effects of anger. One such characteristic, forgiveness, is the voluntary process of changing ones’ beliefs, behaviours, and emotions towards a transgressor from negative to positive. We examined forgiveness of self, forgiveness of others and feeling forgiven by God as moderators of the relationship between anger expression and suicidal behaviours in a sample of 372 ethnically diverse college students. In independent and full models, we found that forgiveness of self was a significant moderator of the association between inward and outward anger and suicidal behaviour. Interventions targeting anger via the promotion of forgiveness may be useful in the prevention of suicide ideation and attempts.

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) involves the deliberate damage of one’s own bodily tissue without suicidal intent. A number of psychological disorders and indicators of distress are correlated with the behavior, including suicidal behaviors (e.g. Whitlock & Knox, 2007), depression (e.g. Ross & Heath, 2002), and anxiety (e.g. Victor & Klonksy, 2014), and yet the research literature has been mixed on whether increased frequency of NSSI is correlated with increased levels of these variables. The present study hypothesized that these relationships are curvilinear. Data from a larger study were analyzed using curvilinear regression analyses, and hypotheses were partially supported. Curvilinear relationships were found between NSSI frequency and both depression and anxiety, such that the relationships were positive until approximately 300 incidents, after which they became negative. The relationship between NSSI and suicide ideation was positive and linear. Among the whole sample, there were curvilinear relationships between both NSSI and suicide attempts as well as NSSI and suicide threats. Among only the portion of the sample who reported a history of these variables, there was no relationship between frequency and suicide attempts, and a curvilinear relationship between frequency and suicide threats that declined after 325 incidents. Results add to the current understanding of NSSI frequency and provide support for evidence that conflict with the proposed frequency criterion for nonsuicidal self-injury disorder.

Suicide in the South African Police Service is a reality. The inability to cope effectively with stressful events in a working environment could lead to chronic stress, burnout and even suicide. The purpose of this research was to establish the current level of suicide ideation in police officials in the KwaZulu-Natal Province. Secondly, the purpose was to determine the relationship between coping and stress, and thirdly, whether these factors could he used to predict suicide ideation of police officials in the Kwazulu-Natal Province. A cross-sectional survey design was used to achieve the research objectives. The study population consisted of 272 uniformed police officials in the KwaZulu-Natal Province. The following measuring battery was used: a biographical questionnaire, the Adult Suicide Ideation Questionnaire, COPE Questionnaire, and the Police Stress Inventory. Descriptive statistics (e.g. standard deviations, means, skewness and kurtosis) and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Cronbach alpha coefficients, inter-item correlation coefficients and confirmatory factor analysis were used to assess the reliability and validity of the measuring battery. Discriminant analysis was used to determine which variables could be used to predict suicide ideation. The results indicated that 9 (3,30%) of the uniformed police officials have significant suicide ideation levels and that 11 (4,15%) police officials in the KwaZulu-Natal Province have attempted suicide in the past. No difference was found between the suicide ideation of males and females. A positive correlation between suicide ideation, police-specific stressors, as well as problem-focused coping, passive coping and social support was found. The results also indicated correlations between suicide ideation, medical condition and alcohol abuse, where stress because of lack of resources was identified as the primary stressor that caused alcohol abuse. The results also indicate that stress caused by job demands and lack of resources as well as police-specific stressors, problem-focused coping, passive coping and social support could be used to classify police officials into groups of high and low suicide ideation. Recommendations with regard to the improvement of the South African Police Service, as well as for future research were made. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

Suicide in the South African Police Service is a reality. The inability to cope effectively with stressful events in a working environment could lead to chronic stress, burnout and even suicide. The purpose of this research was to establish the current level of suicide ideation in police officials in the KwaZulu-Natal Province. Secondly, the purpose was to determine the relationship between coping and stress, and thirdly, whether these factors could he used to predict suicide ideation of police officials in the Kwazulu-Natal Province. A cross-sectional survey design was used to achieve the research objectives. The study population consisted of 272 uniformed police officials in the KwaZulu-Natal Province. The following measuring battery was used: a biographical questionnaire, the Adult Suicide Ideation Questionnaire, COPE Questionnaire, and the Police Stress Inventory. Descriptive statistics (e.g. standard deviations, means, skewness and kurtosis) and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Cronbach alpha coefficients, inter-item correlation coefficients and confirmatory factor analysis were used to assess the reliability and validity of the measuring battery. Discriminant analysis was used to determine which variables could be used to predict suicide ideation. The results indicated that 9 (3,30%) of the uniformed police officials have significant suicide ideation levels and that 11 (4,15%) police officials in the KwaZulu-Natal Province have attempted suicide in the past. No difference was found between the suicide ideation of males and females. A positive correlation between suicide ideation, police-specific stressors, as well as problem-focused coping, passive coping and social support was found. The results also indicated correlations between suicide ideation, medical condition and alcohol abuse, where stress because of lack of resources was identified as the primary stressor that caused alcohol abuse. The results also indicate that stress caused by job demands and lack of resources as well as police-specific stressors, problem-focused coping, passive coping and social support could be used to classify police officials into groups of high and low suicide ideation. Recommendations with regard to the improvement of the South African Police Service, as well as for future research were made. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

Aim: The aim of this literature review was to provide an overview of suicidal ideationand suicide attempt among immigrants in Europe. More specifically, the currentliterature review aimed to examine predictors of suicidal ideation and suicide attemptamong immigrants in Europe. Method: PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES and PubMed were used to generate existingarticles on the topic of interest. PRISMA flowchart was used to eliminate articles thatdid not meet the inclusion criteria. Results: Seventeen articles met the inclusion criteria. A number of environmental andsocial factors were found to predict suicidal ideation and suicide attempt amongimmigrants in Europe. These predictors included family conflict, health problems,substance abuse, low educational level and being adopted by a host inhabitant family.Socio-economical factor that predicted suicidal ideation and suicide attempt amongimmigrants in Europe was financial disadvantages. Finally, female immigrantsappeared to be a higher risk than male immigrants with regard to suicidal ideation andsuicide attempt. Furthermore, second-generation immigrants appear to be at higherrisk for suicide attempt than first-generation immigrants.Conclusion: There are a number of predictors that appear to predict suicidal ideationand suicide attempt among immigrants in Europe. Nationwide prevention programsfor new female immigrants are recommended.

No description available.

Bakgrund: Antalet fastställda suicid i Sverige år 2019 var 1269. Omvårdnaden av suicidala patienter ställer höga krav på sjuksköterskor när det kommer till kompetens, engagemang och empatisk förmåga. Grundutbildade sjuksköterskor kan komma att möta patienter med eller suicidtankar i olika instanser, även utanför psykiatrin. Den omvårdnad som sjuksköterskan ger dessa patienter består till stor del av professionella samtal och kräver att sjuksköterskan besitter förmåga att identifiera och hantera de känslor som kan uppstå hos denne i vården av den suicidala patienten. Syfte: Studien ämnar kartlägga vilka känslor som uppkommer hos sjuksköterskor då de vårdar suicidbenägna patienter. Metod: Databaserna CINAHL och PsycInfo användes för litteratursökningar. Latent innehållsanalys användes som analysverktyg. Resultat: Sex kategorier av närliggande känslor identifierades: Osäkerhet, otrygghet och känslan av att vara oförberedd, Ansvar och skuld, Ilska, frustration och aversion, Maktlöshet, hopplöshet, meningslöshet och hjälplöshet, Ångest, oro och rädsla, Medkänsla, intimitet och trygghet. Konklusion: Studien visar att sjuksköterskorna upplevde vården av suicidbenägna patienter som emotionellt påfrestande, vilket väckte många olika känslor. Känslospektrat innehöll inte enbart påfrestande känslor, utan också känslor som var gynnsamma för omvårdnadsarbetet. I flera fall efterfrågades möjlighet till reflektion och ventilering, något som kan understryka vikten av att införa verktyg som omvårdnadshandledning på fler arbetsplatser. / Background: The official number of suicides committed in Sweden were 1269 in 2019. Caring for suicidal patients put high demands on the nurses’ competence, dedication and empathic ability. Nurses who are not specialized in the field of psychiatry can still come across and care for these patients in other, more generalized wards. The care provided by the nurse consists to a great extent of professional conversations which demands the ability to identify, and deal with, the feelings which can arise in the care for the suicidal patient. Aim: The aim of the review is to map which emotions nurses’ feel when caring for suicidal patients.Method: The databases CINAHL and PsycInfo were used in the search for articles. Latent content analysis was used as a tool for the analysis. Findings: Six categories were identified: Insecurity, feeling unsafe, and feeling unprepared, Responsibility and guilt, Anger, frustration and aversion, Powerlessness, hopelessness, meaninglessness and helplessness, Anxiety, worry and fear, Empathy, intimacy and security. Conclusion: The study shows that the nurses experienced the care of suicidal patients as emotionally challenging, which awoke various feelings. The spectra of feelings did however not only contain strenuous emotions, but also feelings which were benefiting to the care. The nurses expressed a need to reflect and ventilate in multiple studies, which may underline the importance of implementing tools like clinical nursing supervision in more workplaces.

Depression and suicide are significant public health concerns for college-age young adults. Meaning-based characteristics, such as forgiveness, a voluntary coping process involving offering, feeling, or seeking a change from negative to positive cognitions, behaviors, and affect toward a transgressor, may buffer such poor mental health outcomes. Utilizing mediation analyses, we examined cross-sectional associations between forgiveness, depression, and suicidal behavior in a diverse student sample reporting mild to severe depressive symptoms. The effect of self-forgiveness on suicidal behavior was fully mediated by depression; self-forgiveness was associated with depression and, in turn, with suicidal behavior. Forgiveness of others was directly associated with suicidal behavior. Prospective research is needed, yet self and other-forgiveness may be appropriate targets for promotion in suicide prevention efforts.

Objective: Chronic medical problems might amplify suicide risk in later life. Feelings of happiness may reduce this risk. We tested the hypothesis that happiness attenuates the association between number of self-reported chronic diseases and suicidal distress. Methods: A sample of 1,801 depressed, primary care patients, 60 years of age or older, entering a clinical trial, were assessed for the presence of positive emotion, suicidal distress and self-reported chronic medical problems. Results: Chronic medical problems are associated with suicide ideation and, as hypothesized, happiness attenuates the relationship between self-reported diseases and suicidal distress. Conclusions: Decreased risk for distressing thoughts of suicide in the context of medical illness is predicted by the presence of positive emotions. Our results suggest that treatments designed to help older primary care patients identify sources of joy and enhance happiness might decrease suicide risk.