The purpose of this thesis is to examine how teachers in the swedish language subject perceive and experience summative assesment of students’ essays. A second purpose is to investigate how teachers go about doing summative assessments of students’ texts. This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews, ranging from 18 to 48 minutes in length, with a total of six teachers of the swedish language subject in upper and secondary school.. The results indicates that the teachers’ found it difficult and complex to make summative assesments of students’ essays for a variety of reasons. For exampel teachers must take into consideration numerous factors when converting their assessment into a grade. The teachers also replied that summative assessment of students’ texts is a very time-consuming and not so inspiring part of their professional practice. The teachers answered that they largely assessed the students texts on their own, but if they felt uncertain they could request help from a colleague. Most teachers agreed that it would be beneficial if all assessments of writing were done collaboratively, but that there is no time to co-evaluate. Several teachers also meant that the national exams function as help in their own assessment, as it became something to relate to.

The hypothesis for this essay is: ”Teachers use assessment methods that are mainly summative and as a consequence student involvement in the assessment process is low, with too little focus on the goals of the education.” The primary aim is to investigate whether or not this hypothesis is true. To answer this, students were asked their opinions about assessment. Also, teachers were asked questions about assessment, to see if there is a correlation between students' and teachers' thoughts. The investigation was conducted through a questionnaire, which 46 students and three teachers answered. The students came from three different ninth grade classes.      The results from the questionnaires indicate that mainly summative assessment methods are used since, for example, only 50% of the students know how they are being assessed. Also, when giving examples of assignments they get to do in class, most students gave answers that traditionally are connected with summative assessment. The results also show that student involvement in the assessment process is low, as 65% answered that they rarely or never get to self-assess, and they are only involved in planning subject areas sometimes. Also, a majority of 74% would like to have more personal conversations with their teacher about their development. However, most students feel that their teacher is clear about the goals and objectives of assignments.      The conclusion reached in this essay is that the hypothesis was partly true. The teachers in this study use mainly summative assessment methods, and student involvement in the assessment process is low. On the other hand, teachers are good at explaining the educational goals. In a majority of the questions, students' and teachers' opinions about assessment coincide. However, the opinions differ greatly between the classes in all but two questions.

<p>     The hypothesis for this essay is: ”Teachers use assessment methods that are mainly summative and as a consequence student involvement in the assessment process is low, with too little focus on the goals of the education.” The primary aim is to investigate whether or not this hypothesis is true. To answer this, students were asked their opinions about assessment. Also, teachers were asked questions about assessment, to see if there is a correlation between students' and teachers' thoughts. The investigation was conducted through a questionnaire, which 46 students and three teachers answered. The students came from three different ninth grade classes.</p><p>     The results from the questionnaires indicate that mainly summative assessment methods are used since, for example, only 50% of the students know how they are being assessed. Also, when giving examples of assignments they get to do in class, most students gave answers that traditionally are connected with summative assessment. The results also show that student involvement in the assessment process is low, as 65% answered that they rarely or never get to self-assess, and they are only involved in planning subject areas sometimes. Also, a majority of 74% would like to have more personal conversations with their teacher about their development. However, most students feel that their teacher is clear about the goals and objectives of assignments.</p><p>     The conclusion reached in this essay is that the hypothesis was partly true. The teachers in this study use mainly summative assessment methods, and student involvement in the assessment process is low. On the other hand, teachers are good at explaining the educational goals. In a majority of the questions, students' and teachers' opinions about assessment coincide. However, the opinions differ greatly between the classes in all but two questions.</p>

Assessment practice in Maldivian schools is undergoing change. The newly developed draft of Maldivian National Curriculum with associated documents aligns assessment, instruction, and curriculum to provide optimum learning conditions for students. The Maldivian Ministry of Education (MOE), in collaboration with UNICEF, has introduced quality indicators for the Child Friendly Baraabaru School (CFBS) based on the Maldivian National Curriculum. These indicators stress the importance of maintaining a balance between assessment for learning (formative assessment) and assessment of learning (summative assessment). The dissemination and implementation of best practices in formative assessment are currently underway in Maldivian schools. This study portrays a “snapshot in time” of assessment practices of three teachers and utilizes the findings to provide an insight into the MOE’s initiative of assessment innovations in Maldivian classrooms and schools. The study found that the three teachers have to practice formative assessment within high quality interactions based on thoughtful questions, attend to responses, and with observation and documentation to reflect a valid picture of the whole child. Nevertheless, the study also showed how the three teachers separated assessment from teaching and learning as well as how the teachers documented and reported this assessment data. There is a strong element of competition for academic achievement, as reported in grades and numerical scores. The competition is amongst students, teachers and parents. This competition appears to get in the way of assessment being used to support teaching and learning. Nonetheless, when the research data was explored through a formative assessment lens, there was also evidence of formative assessment being used in the normal day-to-day happenings in the three classrooms. The teachers in this study were not always confident in their use of formative assessment, and did not necessarily recognize when they were using formative assessment strategies. They all wanted all of their students to be successful learners, and they wanted to be good teachers. The study shows some of the complexities that teachers face when implementing new approaches to assessment.

In 2000, the Minister of Education, Professor Kader Asmal announced that all learners exiting the Further Education and Training band as from 2001 must accumulate marks in the subjects offered at Grade 12 through a process of Continuous assessment (CASS) (DoE, 2001d). Apart from indicating the value of CASS to the external summative component in the ratio of 25% for CASS and 75% for the summative examination, there were and there still is no other policy to regulate the conduct of CASS at Grade 12 level. The situation is worsened by the non-preparation of educators to cope with the challenges of CASS implementation. This study focuses on the implementation of CASS in Mathematics and Science since there is a body of firm evidence, which indicates that, the results in Mathematics and Science in South Africa is not very good. The TIMSS-R study conducted in 1998/1999 indicates that South African learners performed poorly in Mathematics and Science when compared to other participating countries (Howie, 2001). Since it has been established that continuous assessment conducted in a formative manner in subjects such as Mathematics and Science can lead to improved academic performance (Black&Wiliam, 1998), it is essential that attention be given, and initiatives taken to improve the quality of assessment in these critical subjects. In the analysis of the 2001 Senior Certificate examination, it became evident that the CASS marks of learners in many instances were not valid (SAFCERT, 2000a). To address the concern of inflated CASS marks, Umalusi resorted to the use of statistical moderation to ensure that the CASS marks do not deviate drastically from the examination marks of learners. This predominantly quantitative study makes use of surveys to gather data on the problems and challenges experienced by Grade 12 educators in the effective implementation of CASS and the kinds of support provided to educators to strengthen and to sustain the effective implementation of CASS in the classroom. In addition, the study seeks to examine to what extent the Grade 12 CASS marks are fair, valid and reliable. Data was collected from a non - random sample of 21 subject advisors and 60 educators of Mathematics, Biology and Physical Science across six provinces namely, Eastern Cape, Northern Cape, Limpopo, KwaZulu - Natal, Gauteng and Mpumalanga and across all locations (rural, township and urban). Individual interviews were also conducted with four experts on CASS from national, provincial and district levels and an official from Umalusi. It is apt to end this abstract by indicating that, “our education system has been subjected to many far - reaching initiatives which, whilst taken in reaction to concerns about existing practices, have been based on little evidence about their potential to meet those concerns. In the study of formative assessment there can be seen, for once, firm evidence that indicates clearly a direction for change, which could improve standards of learning. Our plea is that national policy will grasp this opportunity and give a lead in this direction” (Black&Wiliam, 1998). / Dissertation (MEd (Assessment and Quality Assurance))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Curriculum Studies / unrestricted

This study is influenced by phenomenological approaches, and is an inquiry into secondary mathematics teachers’ lived experiences with ephemeral assessment opportunities such as observations of, and conversations with, students. This phenomenon is explored through the use of reflective journals, semi-structured interviews, and focus group interviews. Two layers of analysis were used to better understand the phenomenon. The first layer focuses on emergent themes of what and how teachers think and do in the moment. The emergent themes were interrelated and categorized into eliciting, interpreting, and acting. The second layer focuses on the emergent factors that contribute to what and how teachers think and do during the ephemeral assessment process. The emergent factors were interrelated and categorized into teacher, student, relationships, and contexts. Through the two layers, the complexity of the ephemeral assessment process has been developed.

The declining quality of first year student intake at the Durban University of Technology (DUT) prompted the addition of online learning to traditional instruction. The time spent by students in an online classroom and their scores in subsequent multiple-choice question (MCQ) tests were measured. Tests on standardised regression coefficients showed self-test time as a significant predictor of summative MCQ performance while controlling for ability. Exam MCQ performance was found to be associated, positively and significantly, with annual self-test time at the 5 percent level and a significant relationship was found between MCQ marks and year marks. It was concluded that students’ use of the self-test tool in formative assessments has a significant bearing on students’ year marks and final grades. The negative nature of the standardised beta coefficient for gender indicates that, when year marks and annual self-test time are considered, males appear to have performed slightly better than females.

The aim of this study is to investigate how teachers in Sweden and Vietnam provides formative feedback to their pupils. It is our ambition to find out what differences and similarities there are in how and why teachers work with formative feedback, in both countries. Moreover, the last aim is to look at how Swedish teachers and Vietnamese teachers can learn from each other. We will interview two teachers from Sweden and two from Vietnam to see how they work with formative feedback. All interviewees are English teachers and work in primary school. We found that formative feedback is something all four teachers work with, more or less. However, they all express that oral formative feedback occur more often than written. Of course there are a lot of differences of the implementation of feedback but we can find multiple similarities as well. Furthermore, differences are many in the two countries, for example, the amount of pupils in classes. Another example is that the teachers in Vietnam had no knowledge about formative feedback before our interviews. Still, they manage to implement formative feedback in different ways, without the proper terms.

Recent research has shown that summative feedback has a negative effect on pupils’ learning, because the feedback given lacks information sufficient to pupils. This compared to formative feedback which has shown positive results on pupils learning (William 2019). Despite the positive research results, it is problematic to implement the method in to practical teaching (Grevholm 2012). The purpose of this study is to analyze how formative feedback is used in mathematical teaching for grades 4-6 in Swedish schools. The study aims to answer the following questions: How is formative- and summative feedback in mathematics given? How is verbal feedback in mathematics used? This study has used the qualitative methods observation and interview to get a deeper insight of individual choices made by teachers. To analyze the collected materials, the theory of formative feedback in different levels have been used. The results show that the most common used formative feedback was in a verbal form. Verbal formative feedback was preferred since it involves direct communication, seldomly misunderstood. The results also show that written formative feedback was rarely given because it was considered time-consuming. Verbal formative feedback was mostly given to the pupils on a self-regulation level.

Yes / In this paper, we consider the phenomenon of “pedagogical violence” — infliction of physical, social, emotional, or psychological pains, or threat of such pains that is either the means for or non-accidental by-products of education used on a systematic basis. Pedagogical violence is often used for promoting certain desired learning in students. Alternatively, it can emerge as a violent reaction in students and teachers to particular educational settings directed against other students or teachers. In this paper, we review some of the debates and controversial issues around pedagogical violence, and we use a variety of illustrative examples to explore in more detail what pedagogical violence means in particular contexts. We argue that pedagogical violence is a natural consequence of alienated instrumental education. We will look at teachers’ desire to avoid physical and psychosocial pedagogical violence. We specifically consider diverse forms of psychosocial pedagogical violence and its issues such as: summative assessment, epistemological pedagogical violence, students’ ambivalence around pedagogical violence, rehabilitating/avoiding pedagogical violence through a carnival. We finish with a reflection about what can be done to minimize pedagogical violence. Our analysis heavily relies on the Bakhtinian theoretical framework of critical ontological dialogism.