Esta pesquisa trata do processo de reestruturação comercial no segmento supermercadista, a partir da segunda metade dos anos 1990, ao destacar o seu impacto para os trabalhadores operacionais do GPA, Carrefour e Walmart, na cidade de São Paulo. Nesse segmento a reestruturação comercial ganhou força com a disseminação da automação comercial, com a maior participação do capital estrangeiro e com as novas práticas de organização do trabalho pautadas na flexibilidade. A ampliação do horário de funcionamento dos supermercados e a redução do número de funcionários por espaço de venda, fazem parte desse processo. Esse fenômeno, que alterou o arranjo do trabalho no interior das lojas supermercadistas, acarretando uma maior intensificação do trabalho, não ficou restrito aos anos 1990, ele expressa um movimento contínuo de transformações. Integrantes do processo que levou a ascensão de um regime de acumulação flexível, essas mudanças acompanham, desde os anos 1970, a crescente popularização do ideário neoliberal, o fortalecimento do setor financeiro e a disseminação de práticas de organização do trabalho de caráter toyotista. Nesta pesquisa, o aperfeiçoamento das tecnologias da automação iniciado com a popularização do código de barras, soma-se as alterações na legislação trabalhista e a crescente flexibilidade da organização do trabalho. Dirigidas por um padrão de desenvolvimento focado no aumento da produtividade e do lucro, tais alterações refletem as contradições da sociedade moderna estruturada na centralidade do trabalho, a afirmação de sua importância desenvolve-se paralelamente a crescente precarização e eliminação dos postos de trabalho. Nesse cenário, é evidente as dificuldades do movimento dos trabalhadores, também da representação sindical em fazer frente ao desafio dessas transformações. / This research deals with the process of commercial restructuration in the supermarket sector, starting in the second half of the 1990s, highlighting its impact on GPA, Carrefour and Walmart operational employees in the city of São Paulo. In this segment, commercial restructuration have been strengthened by the spread of commercial automation, with the greater participation of foreign capital and new work organization practices based on flexibility. The expansion of the supermarkets operation hours and the reduction of the number of employees per space of sale are part of this process. This phenomenon, which changed the work arrangement inside the supermarket stores, leading to a greater intensification of work, was not restricted to the 1990s, expressing a continuous movement of transformations. Members of the process that led to the rise of a regime of flexible accumulation, these changes have followed, since the 1970s, the growing popularization of neoliberal ideology, the strengthening of the financial sector and the dissemination of Toyotist work organization. The improvement of the automation technologies started with the dissemination of the barcode, adds up the changes in the labor legislation and the increasing flexibility of the organization of the work. Driven by a pattern of development focused on increasing productivity and profit, these changes reflect the contradictions of modern society structured in the centrality of labor. To the affirmation of its importance, develops, side by side, the increasing precariousness and elimination of the jobs. In this scenario, the difficulties of the workers movement, as well as of the trade union representation, are evident in facing the challenge of the current transformations.

Trends such as online shopping, fast pace of lifestyle and wellness issues are key drivers for consumers' preferences of shopping activities and product selection. There is evidence that food retail has shifted towards smaller in size stores and ready meals or food products which require less time for cooking. In fact, the frozen food market has increased recently and is projected to rise by 27% by 2020. This study focuses on energy efficiency of small size frozen food supermarkets. The investigation started with in-situ monitoring of energy use and environmental conditions in two frozen food stores with different HVAC but same refrigeration systems and store operation schedules. A dynamic thermal model of frozen food stores was developed using EnergyPlus and validated using the monitored data. The model takes into account interlinked heat exchanges between building, HVAC and refrigeration systems and was used to investigate energy efficiency improvements. Two HVAC systems were examined; coupling heating, air-conditioning and ventilation (coupled system) and separating heating and air-conditioning from ventilation (decoupled system). A number of refrigeration systems (remote, centralised, cascade, transcritical CO2 booster) and working fluids were investigated. Analysis of the monitored data has shown that energy use of frozen supermarkets is at the upper range of published supermarkets energy use benchmarks (1085 kWh/m2/annum). It was also shown that sales area temperature is highly affected by HVAC controls, refrigeration equipment and transient customers' pattern. The computational study has identified energy performance of sub-systems and their interactions. Results indicate that 61% of total energy use is due to the refrigeration system while HVAC and lighting are the next most energy intensive systems. Apart from lighting upgrade to LED which offers high energy savings (23%), energy efficiency can be improved for both coupled and decoupled HVAC systems by incorporating night ventilative cooling and operating remote LT cabinets with lower ambient temperature. Night ventilative cooling can lead to reduction of 3.6% in total energy use. Centralised refrigeration systems change the heating/cooling balance and can reduce the total energy use by up to 20% for a CO2 centralised system. The results of this research project are a contribution towards better understanding of energy use in food dominant supermarkets and their energy savings potential.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:19:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2005-Marcelo Sales Ferreira.pdf: 461622 bytes, checksum: 16c8c117b679038f772993a2b888fc5c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-02-25 / The Brazilian supermarket sector has experienced significant transformation in the last few years, following the economic tendency verified in Brazil and in the world. In a very competitive canary, the strategic movements of the big stores can make the difference between a good and a bad performance, or between the permanency, retreat or development of a competitor in this market. The present work analysis the performance of big competitors acting in the Brazilian supermarket sector, extending this discussion to a strategy approach about competition in the market. Besides a description about the history of Brazilian supermarkets, the objective is to present the main topics of strategy applicable on the segment, with emphasis to market segmentation and the relation between strategy and performance. The perform avaluation used was the methodology of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), which analysis the perform of each one, along with various factors, and in a comparative form. An analyze of the different options adopted considering the format of the stores, location, form of development and branding implemented by the six biggest groups of the sector, according of the rank, about 2003, announced by the Brazilian Association of Supermarkets (ABRAS). It is so that, Companhia Brasileira de Distribui??o, called by P?o de A??car, Carrefour, Sonae, Bompre?o, Sendas e Wal Mart have their results between 1999 and 2003 submitted to an analyze including billing, number of stores, number of employees and area available in stores. The methodology permit to identify companies whose perform in the period figure under the average of the conjunct of leaders of the rank. By the other side, is possible to find the supermarket s companies with the best results, whose competitive strategy could be seen as model. / O setor de supermercados no Brasil tem apresentado significativas mudan?as nos ?ltimos anos, acompanhando as tend?ncias econ?micas verificadas no Brasil e no mundo. Em um cen?rio de alta competitividade, os movimentos estrat?gicos das grandes redes podem fazer a diferen?a entre um desempenho bom ou ruim, ou entre a perman?ncia, retirada ou crescimento de um competidor nesse mercado. O trabalho faz uma an?lise de desempenho dos grandes competidores atuantes no mercado brasileiro de supermercados, estendendo essa discuss?o at? uma abordagem estrat?gica sobre a competitividade no setor. Al?m de um pequeno hist?rico do desenvolvimento dos supermercados no Brasil, o objetivo ? apresentar os principais t?picos de estrat?gia aplic?veis ao segmento em estudo, com destaque para a segmenta??o de mercado e a rela??o entre estrat?gia e desempenho. A avalia??o de desempenho utilizada foi a metodologia de an?lise envolt?ria de dados (DEA), que busca analisar cada empresa escolhida em um conjunto de fatores e de forma comparativa. Faz-se uma an?lise das diferentes op??es adotadas quanto ao formato de lojas, localiza??o, forma de crescimento e posicionamento de marcas por parte das seis maiores redes apontadas pelo ranking referente ao ano de 2003, divulgado pela Associa??o Brasileira de Supermercados (ABRAS). Assim, Companhia Brasileira de Distribui??o, conhecida como P?o de A??car, Carrefour, Sonae, Bompre?o, Sendas e Wal Mart t?m seus resultados de 1999 a 2003 submetidos ? an?lise, incluindo faturamento, n?mero de lojas, n?mero de funcion?rios e ?rea de venda total. A metodologia possibilita identificar redes cujo resultado no per?odo encontra-se abaixo da m?dia do conjunto daquelas situadas no topo do ranking. Por outro lado, tamb?m ? poss?vel encontrar as empresas de supermercado com os melhores ?ndices, cuja estrat?gia competitiva poderia servir de modelo.

En los últimos años, la introducción de nuevas tiendas de formato retail ha permitido mejorar la oferta de los productos mediante una guerra de estrategias de marketing. La competencia ya no se limita a solamente coberturar con sus tiendas todas las zonas posibles. Los consumidores pueden comprar fácilmente en estos formatos de comercio que cada vez crece en accesibilidad, o incluso en aquellos que no tienen ubicaciones de venta físicas pero que funcionan a través del canal digital. Partiendo de esto, la presente investigación busca determinar y explicar cuáles son aquellos gustos y preferencias que valoran más los consumidores limeños, en Lima Metropolitana, al realizar compras en el canal moderno, específicamente de cerveza, una categoría con bastante oportunidad y destacado crecimiento. Para efectos de la investigación, se revisó bibliografía bastante actualizada y relacionada a temas de canal moderno y de la industria cervecera. Además, se obtuvo información cualitativa mediante entrevistas a profundidad a líderes de los equipos comerciales en ambas industrias. Respecto al análisis cuantitativo, se realizaron encuestas a consumidores de toda Lima Metropolitana con el objetivo de conocer los hábitos y factores que consideran más importantes de la compra de cerveza en el canal moderno y se analizaron estos datos obtenidos mediante procedimientos estadísticos. Finalmente, se concluyó que aquellos atributos que más motivan a los consumidores para comprar cerveza en un supermercado son los bajos precios y ofertas en los productos, la publicidad en el punto de venta y la variedad de opciones para comprar. / In recent years, the introduction of new stores of retail format have allowed to improve the offer of products through a war of marketing strategies. The competition is no longer limited to only cover with its stores all possible areas. Consumers can easily buy in these formats of commerce that increasingly grows in accessibility, or even in those that do not have physical sales locations but that work through the digital channel. Based on this, this research seeks to determine and explain what are those tastes and preferences that Lima consumers value most, in Metropolitan Lima, when making purchases in the modern channel, specifically beer, a category with plenty of opportunity and outstanding growth. For the purposes of the research, a quite up-to-date bibliography related to topics of the modern channel and the brewing industry was reviewed. In addition, qualitative information was obtained through in-depth interviews with leaders of commercial teams in both industries. With respect to the quantitative analysis, surveys were conducted to consumers throughout Metropolitan Lima with the aim of knowing the habits and factors that they consider most important in the purchase of beer in the modern channel and analyzed this data obtained through statistical procedures. Finally, it was concluded that those attributes that most motivate consumers to buy beer in modern channels are the low prices and offers in the products, the advertising at the point of sale and the variety of options to buy. / Tesis

The successful economic growth and the rapid changing of urban development had changed Singapore from a developing to a developed country. The living environment of Singapore has been changed with in the last 25 years. My thesis mainly describes foods and food markets in Singapore. Due to better educational background, higher consumption power and small family planning, the eating habit of Singaporeans has changed. A lot of young Singaporeans today, don't buy their daily marketing needs from the traditional wet market for they prefer to do their weekly marketing in the comfortable, clean, convenient and air conditioned modern supermarket. With the advance electronic cooking equipment in kitchen, they save time in cooking to buy prepared or instant cooked food from supermarkets, instead of raw foodstuff from the traditional wet markets. These rapid changes of the Singaporeans' life style and eating habit created an opportunity. For me to look into the area that directly or indirectly involved with my professional work as a practicing graphic designer and a design educator. The area I am looking into is 'the value of food packaging'. I realized that the contrast of the traditional foodstuffs selling in traditional wet market and the imported foodstuffs displayed within the modern supermarket, the difference has signaled a strong message. If the traditional foodstuffs still does not improve their dull and unhygienic image to catch up with the rapid changing urban living environment. They will disappear from our dining table sooner or later. My thesis has to reach 2 aims. Firstly, to awake the design students (tomorrow's designer). To be more sensitive towards the local traditional food markets. Discover the values of the local ethnic foodstuffs and going to find out why these delicious and remarkable local foodstuffs been rejected outside of the modern supermarket. To create a new image through packaging design to replace with the original dull and unhygienic image. Secondly, the contents and the criterias of the modern packaging design I proposed within this thesis, could be applicable in the practicing design field, food manufactory and most importantly, in the design institutions / Master of Design (Hons)

1990年代綱際綱路發展十分迅速，而其商業應用在最近幾年更是熱門話題，目前在綱際綱路上，有超過80%的主機是來自商業性應用。有人將此綱際綱路的商業應用亦稱為電子商務。 很多公司看中此新通路之商機而投資於電子商務而許多綱路使用者也開始利用綱際綱路之方便性購買某些產品；調查顯示，消費者目前上綱購買產品以電腦及周邊設備產品居多，而食品採購則只佔5%。不過，許多零售業者認為將來綱路使用普及率提高後，提供線上訂購服務可為公司另拓一收入來源。因此在國外已有許多虛擬超市出現，而有些超市經營者也開始提供線上訂購服務；有些純虛擬超市也已因服務將定顧客群，如職業婦女、殘障者、老人而獲好評。目前臺灣第一家綱路超市也將開始營運。 本篇論文旨在探討目前綱際綱路上超級市場經營的現況。藉由實際的公司觀察瞭解目前綱路超市運作所應遵循的原則並試圖回答下列三個議題： 1. 綱際綱路對於超市經營者的策略性意涵？ 2. 規劃上綱前，食品零售業者應先檢視哪些條件？ 3. 為維系綱上訂購服務務的長期經營，綱路超市經營者應注意哪些營運因素？ 同時本論文亦對有志經營綱際綱路超市的業者提出建言，以作為經營綱路超市之參考。 / The business application of the Internet is one of the important issues for companies aiming to succeed in the next century. Some term this application as electronic commerce or e-commerce. The Internet has attracted many companies to exploit this new marketing channel. Many grocery, or food, retailers have shown their interests in this market and are planning to provide online ordering services. This thesis aims to understand grocery retailing on the Internet at present and to provide potential operators with some principles for providing Internet ordering services. This thesis adopts exploratory and qualitative research. Some cases from defferent regions are analyzed and findings from these cases are synthesized to provide factors online operators should consider when planning their online services. Moreover, this thesis also provides some suggestions to potential operators of purely virtual stores.

<p>The overall purpose of this study is to examine what consequences might be connected to Swedish meat consumption. To illustrate this, the production chain of beef meat, produced in Brazil and consumed in Sweden, has been mapped and investigated. The analytical focus of this study has been on power distribution within the chain, aiming to outline its socio-economic consequences in the Brazilian context. The empirical data was collected partly from secondary sources, but also from primary sources through interviews with key informants in the buyer-end of the production chain. The Global Value Chain approach served as a methodology for mapping the production chain and as a theoretical device for analysing the embedded power structures.</p><p>The main result, besides an overview of the beef production chain, was an identification of the chain as buyer-driven. Power is particularly concentrated around supermarket chains, which have very specific requirements on production and processing, implemented by the importing firms, thus also having a huge influence. Power concentration was also discovered in the levels of farming and processing, where the number of acting units declines frequently. The Swedish beef consumption thus seems to contribute, however small-scaled, to the process of power concentration along the chain of production, making market entrance a scarce asset. Potential socio-economic consequences of this process, besides unequal access to influence, might be longer travels or changed city of residence for workers, or even employment losses due to inadequate education. Low-income consumers might become vulnerable since cheap low-quality meat becomes inaccessible. Moreover, this thesis has also raised additional questions, suitable for further research, regarding the impacts of Swedish meat consumption.</p>

<p>Stora köpcentrum i utkanter av städer drar till sig innerstadens kunder då de erbjuder lägre priser. Detta ökar pressen på mindre, centralt belägna butiker då de riskerar att konkurreras ut och därmed hotas även utvecklingen av städers centrum. Syftet med denna uppsats är att utröna hur väl ICA Torgkassen, en mindre centralt belägen daglivarubutik i Uppsala, lyckats med implementeringen av sin unika differentieringsstrategi, och om strategin påverkar kundunderlaget.</p><p>I det teoretiska avsnittet behandlas olika konkurrensstrategier och teorier för marknadsföring. Vi har valt att kombinera McCarthys modell ”Marknadsföringsmixen” med Philip Kotlers modell ”Differentieringens styrka” i en ny modell för analys. Det empiriska avsnittet behandlar data vi samlat in genom en kvalitativ intervju med en av ICA Torgkassens ägare, en personalenkät och en kvantitativ kundenkät.</p><p>ICA Torgkassen har gjort det medvetna valet att differentiera sig genom miljöprofilering. Undersökningsresultaten visar att endast 18 procent av butikens kunder hört talas om miljöprofileringen, detta tyder på att differentieringen kan bli starkare. Svagheterna har i denna undersökning visat sig, till största delen, bero på bristande marknadsföring samt dålig utbildning av personalen.</p>

The overall purpose of this study is to examine what consequences might be connected to Swedish meat consumption. To illustrate this, the production chain of beef meat, produced in Brazil and consumed in Sweden, has been mapped and investigated. The analytical focus of this study has been on power distribution within the chain, aiming to outline its socio-economic consequences in the Brazilian context. The empirical data was collected partly from secondary sources, but also from primary sources through interviews with key informants in the buyer-end of the production chain. The Global Value Chain approach served as a methodology for mapping the production chain and as a theoretical device for analysing the embedded power structures. The main result, besides an overview of the beef production chain, was an identification of the chain as buyer-driven. Power is particularly concentrated around supermarket chains, which have very specific requirements on production and processing, implemented by the importing firms, thus also having a huge influence. Power concentration was also discovered in the levels of farming and processing, where the number of acting units declines frequently. The Swedish beef consumption thus seems to contribute, however small-scaled, to the process of power concentration along the chain of production, making market entrance a scarce asset. Potential socio-economic consequences of this process, besides unequal access to influence, might be longer travels or changed city of residence for workers, or even employment losses due to inadequate education. Low-income consumers might become vulnerable since cheap low-quality meat becomes inaccessible. Moreover, this thesis has also raised additional questions, suitable for further research, regarding the impacts of Swedish meat consumption.

Stora köpcentrum i utkanter av städer drar till sig innerstadens kunder då de erbjuder lägre priser. Detta ökar pressen på mindre, centralt belägna butiker då de riskerar att konkurreras ut och därmed hotas även utvecklingen av städers centrum. Syftet med denna uppsats är att utröna hur väl ICA Torgkassen, en mindre centralt belägen daglivarubutik i Uppsala, lyckats med implementeringen av sin unika differentieringsstrategi, och om strategin påverkar kundunderlaget. I det teoretiska avsnittet behandlas olika konkurrensstrategier och teorier för marknadsföring. Vi har valt att kombinera McCarthys modell ”Marknadsföringsmixen” med Philip Kotlers modell ”Differentieringens styrka” i en ny modell för analys. Det empiriska avsnittet behandlar data vi samlat in genom en kvalitativ intervju med en av ICA Torgkassens ägare, en personalenkät och en kvantitativ kundenkät. ICA Torgkassen har gjort det medvetna valet att differentiera sig genom miljöprofilering. Undersökningsresultaten visar att endast 18 procent av butikens kunder hört talas om miljöprofileringen, detta tyder på att differentieringen kan bli starkare. Svagheterna har i denna undersökning visat sig, till största delen, bero på bristande marknadsföring samt dålig utbildning av personalen.