O tema dos recursos excepcionais, direcionados às Cortes Supremas, é de enorme importância no processo civil contemporâneo. Esse trabalho busca definir, à luz da Teoria do Direito e do Direito Comparado, quais funções devem ser assinaladas ao Superior Tribunal de Justiça para, a partir disso, poder realizar uma reconstrução dogmática do procedimento do recurso especial. Não há dúvida de que, à luz dos princípios do Estado de Direito, aos Tribunais Superiores deve ser hoje asinalada uma função precipuamente prospectiva, voltada para a orientação dos juízes e jurisdicionados por meio do estabelecimento de precedentes, e não para os litigantes, de forma retrospectiva. A experiência comparada e a análise detida do funcionamento dos Tribunais Superiores demonstra que bons resultados só podem ser cumpridos mediante mecanismos que permitam selecionar os recursos com base na sua importância. Defende-se, por isso, a criação de um filtro para o recurso especial, à semelhança do que já conhece o recurso extraordinário brasileiro por meio da exigência de repercussão geral da questão constitucional debatida. Em face da função prospectiva do Superior Tribunal de Justiça devem ser interpretados todos os demais problemas que gravitam em torno do recurso especial e do acesso à Corte (distinção entre fato e direito, pré-questionamento etc.) / Appeals to Supreme Courts are an enormously important theme in modern civil procedure. This essay intends to define tge function that should govern the practise of Brazils Superior Tribunal de Justiça, with support from legal theory and comparative law studies, so that the characteristics of the appeal (recurso especial) directed to the Court may be rethought on solid grounds. There should be no doubt that, in light of the rule of law principles, Supreme Courts should be assigned a prospective, facing forward function of establishing solid precedents for the guidance of judges and citizens, instead of facing towards the single parties involved in litigation and the past. Comparative studies show that this may only be done if the Court has control over its docket. The essay proposes the adoption of such a mechanism for the recurso especial, as has already been done for the recurso extraordinario through the requirement of general importance of the constitutional issue raised in the appeal. All other aspects regarding access of the parties to the Superior Tribunal de Justiça (such as the distinction between law and fact, the prior decisison of the legal issue raised etc.) should be interpreted in light of the prospective function of the Court.

Orientador: Shiguenoli Miyamoto / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T21:21:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Prado_DeboraFigueiredoMendoncado_D.pdf: 1971535 bytes, checksum: 52ad42c55c3bb8336b28f5a15e906b0c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é analisar a atuação internacional dos estados norte-americanos tendo em vista a implementação de sanções econômicas internacionais pelos legislativos estaduais. Estas sanções buscam impactar o bem-estar econômico de um Estado alvo por meio de restrições ao comércio internacional e investimentos com o objetivo de coagir o mesmo a alterar determinado comportamento político. No caso das sanções estaduais, são utilizados dois tipos de atividade: 1) a proibição da contratação ou aquisição de bens e serviços do governo estadual com empresas que fazem negócios no país-alvo e 2) o impedimento dos estados ou agências locais de realizar investimentos públicos nestas empresas e no país-alvo. Este tipo de atividade estadual possui um potencial conflituoso uma vez que as sanções estaduais podem gerar conflitos e tensões legais com o governo nacional. O objetivo deste trabalho será compreender o desenvolvimento destas atividades estaduais e os tensionamentos estabelecidos entre elas e o governo nacional bem como buscará compreender qual tem sido a reação das instituições norte-americanas sobre este processo. Para isto serão discutidas as raízes históricas do desenho institucional norte-americano na definição das funções dos governos estaduais e federais e o comportamento do Congresso e da Suprema Corte nesta temática. Para identificar as principais características das sanções estaduais este trabalho apresentará o mapeamento das sanções estaduais aplicadas pelos legislativos estaduais no período de 1977, data inicial deste tipo de atuação a 2012 / Abstract: The main objective of this research is to analyze the international actions of U.S. states, in view of the establishment of foreign policy actions by international economic sanctions developed by state legislatures. It is understood by the application of sanctions measures that seek to reduce the economic welfare of a target state by reducing international trade in order to coerce it to amend certain political behavior. In the case of state sanctions, are used two types of activity: 1) the prohibition in the states of hiring or purchasing goods and services from companies doing business in the target country or through selective divestment laws and 2) preventing states or local agencies to make public investments in these companies. Through this kind of activity states can develop actions contrary to national foreign policy, generating conflict and legal tensions with Washington. Trying to understand this process, this paper aims to map the historical roots of this institutional design, as well as cases of penalties imposed by state legislatures, 1977, start date this type of activity, 2012. It is understood that the analysis of these cases, the Supreme Court and of the actions taken by Congress will contribute to the understanding of the functioning of these institutions in situations of conflicts between states and the federal government on issues of international economic policy. To identify the main features of state sanctions, this work present the mapping of state sanctions imposed by state legislatures from 1977 to 2012 / Doutorado / Ciencia Politica / Doutora em Ciência Política

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This paper examines the history that influences the rate at which female justices are elected and appointed to state supreme courts. There are different variables like judicial campaign activity, limited pool, role expectations of women and advocacy that influence the selection process. I pick the states with the earliest history of selecting female justices (Ohio and New Mexico) and the states that selected female justices last (South Dakota and West Virginia) to address some of the variables mentioned above that have influenced the use of feminist jurisprudence on the bench. After selection, I examine if it is possible for said judges to use feminist theories (like liberal feminist theory) in decision-making processes on the bench. Specifically, can we, in fact use feminist theory to understand the decision making of female state Supreme Court justices? For the most part, I find that we can imply that they do and are additionally interested in creating policy and programs based on the decisions made. Does this change with political party affiliation, race and sexual orientation of the female judges? I determine that more research needs to be conducted in this area on the courts of last resort at both the federal and state level.

While there has been a substantial body of research on interest group activity in U.S. federal courts, there has been comparatively little analysis of interest group engagement with state courts. Given that state courts adjudicate the vast majority of cases in the American legal system and very few cases are appealed to the Supreme Court, understanding why organized interests participate in these courts is of great importance. The present study analyzes interest group involvement as amicus curiae in all state courts of last resort from 1995-1999 to examine what factors motivate organized interests to turn to the courts. The results indicate that interest groups are primarily motivated by their policy goals in deciding which cases to file amicus briefs in, but that they are limited in their ability to file by institutional constraints unique to state courts of last resort. This research provides insight into interest group behavior, state courts and the role organized interests play in influencing legal outcomes in the American states.