Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T16:19:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 29 / Nenhuma / As áreas úmidas são importantes ecossistemas para a proteção da biodiversidade, apresentando grande riqueza de espécies e altos níveis de endemismo. Esses ambientes são fontes de recursos naturais para as populações humanas e estão entre os ecossistemas mais produtivos do mundo. Os impactos nas áreas úmidas incluem tanto a alteração do habitat como a destruição do mesmo. A humanidade depende do uso sustentado das áreas úmidas. A etnobiologia estuda o conhecimento que as populações humanas possuem acerca dos recursos naturais, taxonomias, classificações e dos ecossistemas dos quais dependem para as suas atividades comerciais ou de subsistência. A admissão de populações nativas como parte do ecossistema é fundamental para conservação da biodiversidade. O ecossistema é afetado direta e indiretamente pelas relações que as populações humanas mantêm com os recursos hídricos. Diante disso e reconhecendo a importância de conservar as áreas úmidas e de admitir (reconhecer) a intensa interação e conhecimento que popul / Wetlands are important ecosystems for biodiversity protection; they show a great wealth of species and high levels of endemism. These environments are sources of natural resources for human populations, and they are among the most productive ecosystems in the world. Impacts on wetlands include both some habitat changes and destruction. Mankind depends on the sustained usage of wetlands. Ethnobiology studies the body of knowledge human populations have about the natural resources, the taxonomies, the classifications and the ecosystems on which they depend for their trade or subsistence. To acknowledge the native populations as part of the ecosystem is essential for biodiversity preservation. The ecosystem is directly and indirectly influenced by the relationships the human populations keep with hydrological resources. This being said and upon recognizing the significance of wetlands preservation, besides admitting (acknowledging) the great interaction and body of knowledge traditional populations have about th

History of African American underclass community in northwestern DeKalb County, Georgia, from its settling in the late-1920s to its present displacement through gentrification. Thesis is that black underclass communities are the result of America's historic racism and subordination of blacks, whose members are left little choice but to engage in illegality as survival strategies. The work reveals the hard-work routines of people relegated to the bottom of American society, as well as their fun-loving leisure activities and embracing of vice as pleasurable. Established during Jim Crow segregation, Lynwood Park cultivated a reputation for danger and toughness to keep out outsiders, so that its children could have some semblance of a "normal" upbringing. The community's color line was then patrolled by dangerous men who created somebodiness for themselves as tough protectors, which ensured that they would be emulated as heroes. The work records the social and cultural history of the community as recalled and interpreted by residents in an oral interview project. Covers community organizations and institutions, such as churches and schools, as well as tensions within the community and tensions against both the white and black outside. Records social life of partying, hog killings, barbecues, baseball, drag racing. Includes culture of illegality and vice, school desegregation, racism, and the community's relationship to DeKalb County, its affluent white neighbors, and the various dynamics that eventually led to the displacement of the traditional black residents. The work challenges the golden-age-of-the-ghetto argument and demonstrates that Lynwood Park suffered from intragroup tensions and was not a safe cocoon for all its residents. The interviews also reveal that many children were left behind in the community's school during segregation because institutional caring generally rallied around only those children who demonstrated academic potential and a desire to eschew the negative dynamics of the enclave's street life. The work also demonstrates the ways in which whites were implicated in promoting, and profiting from, the community's illegality, which led to the eventual displacement of the traditional black residents.

Cette thèse propose d’étudier la trajectoire des femmes incarcérées dans la prison péruvienne Chorrillos I à Lima et d’analyser l’influence des inégalités sociales et du parcours de vie des détenues sur les dynamiques carcérales de cet établissement. Les entretiens menés avec les détenues révèlent un ensemble de similitudes dans leur parcours avant l’incarcération, parmi lesquelles ressortent des schémas de domination genrée, des situations de précarité socioéconomique, des expériences de mères célibataires, ainsi que la recherche de stratégies de survie. Le croisement de l’étude de leur trajectoire et de l’analyse des rapports sociaux, ethniques et genrés permet de comprendre leurs formes d’adaptation au milieu carcéral ainsi que les relations qui lient l’ensemble des acteurs en présence, pour dévoiler les ressorts d’un univers carcéral particulier. / This thesis studies the trajectory of incarcerated women in the Peruvian prison Chorrillos I in Lima and analyzes the influence of social inequalities and detainees’ life-paths on the dynamics of this prison. Interviews with the inmates reveal a range of similarities in their trajectories before incarceration, from gendered domination schemes, socio-economic insecurity and life as single-mothers, to the search for survival strategies. Cross-examining the study of their trajectories with analyses of social, ethnic and gender relations provides an understanding of strategies used by these women to adapt to the prison environment, as well as the relationships between all the actors, and reveals the specific characteristics of a particular prison universe. / Esta tesis propone estudiar la trayectoria de las mujeres encarceladas en el establecimiento penitenciario peruano Chorrillos I en Lima, y analizar la influencia de las desigualdades sociales y del recorrido de vida de las internas sobre las dinámicas carcelarias de este penal. Las entrevistas realizadas con las internas revela un conjunto de similitudes en su trayectoria antes del encarcelamiento, dentro de las cuales sobresalen esquemas de dominación de género, situaciones de precariedad socioeconómica, experiencias de madres solteras, así como la búsqueda de estrategias de supervivencia. El cruce del estudio de su trayectoria con el análisis de las relaciones sociales, étnicas y de género permite comprender sus formas de adaptación al ámbito carcelario y las relaciones que vinculan al conjunto de los actores, para develar los mecanismos de un universo carcelario particular.

新創企業在創業之初，往往資源不足、訂單未到、客戶關係未建立好、技術及產品未成熟、管理尚未到位，市場不確定等不利因素。所以不管從台灣或大陸的環境來看新創企業，創業之初的三到五年是新創企業最為艱困且風險最高的時段。 因此本研究主要在探討，材料表面處理技術的創業規劃及經營，新創企業如何在創業醞釀階段，就做好創業活動規劃；在草創存活階段，做好存活策略推動，使企業得以存活；在經營維持階段，如何推進經營利潤，並讓企業持續發展下去。使新創企業處於不同階段下，能有效分析、規劃及做好該階段的行動任務，而讓新創企業渡過各個階段的考驗，為本論文的研究目的。 研究結果顯示，在創業醞釀階段，要有創業活動的形成，需要在創業活動前做好分析及規劃。除要有創業的「環境價值機會」出現外，要有能提供顧客價值之「價格」、「品質」、「速度」、「需求滿足」誘因，及具備「技術、產品或服務」、「人或團隊」、「資金」、「客戶關係」等創業關鍵組成。 在草創存活階段，企業需推動存活策略三構面，使企業能順利存活下來，其中與其構面變項有利的連接方向，證明朝向：產品/服務經營模式「訂定得當」、控制資源/開銷「消耗少」、創造利益體/網絡「連結多」，將最有利於新創企業存活的方向。此外，新創企業在草創階段，如所從事的產品或服務之營銷活動，所在的區域、客戶、及市場，在創業之初有很高的不確定性，選擇性或階段性的「集中」（Focus）策略才是正確的戰略。但如從存活策略三構面上做分析，所得到的結果皆為不利的情況，而資源又已先行投入情況下，如擬存活下來，對該項目最好的經營策略就是採取「退縮」（Withdrawal）策略。 而在新創企業在剛經歷草創存活階段後，為能持續性存活下來，需有「經營利潤推進」產生，才得以能維持經營。本論文從經營利潤推進的角度，提出經營維持的四構面做法，包括在創業經營風險構面及成本構面的降低活動；價值構面及收入構面的提升活動。做為在經營維持階段，主要的經營指標。因此，具體落實經營利潤推進的四構面，企業才得以有「利潤」的產生，也唯有利潤的產生，新創企業才得以有機會永續。 關鍵字：新創企業、創業規劃、存活策略、利潤推進、表面處理 創業管理 / A start-up at the beginning often encounters the following challengers: resources are insufficient; the order has not been big enough; customer's relation has not been set up well; the technology and the product is immature; the management has not been put in place yet; the market is uncertain, and so on. No matter the new company is operating in Taiwan or the mainland china, it will face high risk, particularly in the period of 3rd to 5th year after its establishment. Therefore, this research aims to study the entrepreneurial plans and managements for the material surface treatment technology, including how to make a business activity plan well in the entrepreneurial fermentation stage? how to do a better survival strategy promotion in the starting survival stage? and how to become profitable in the management arrangement stage. The purpose to let the new enterprise pass each stage sufferings by effectively analyzing, planning and completing action tasks under the different periods. The findings showed that the company needs to complete the analysis and the plan prior to the activity of entrepreneurship in the entrepreneurial fermentation stage. Besides providing with the opportunities for value added, the start-up needs to provide with “the customer value”, such as “price”, “quality”, “speed”, and “the satisfied demand” to provide, and to possess “the entrepreneurial key element” including “the technology, the product or the service”, “the human or the team”, “the fund”, and “the customer relations”. In the starting survival stage, the enterprise could implement the three key actions of survival strategy to survive smoothly. It is proven that a better survival orientation for a newly created enterprise is to have an appropriate position in product/service or business model, to utilize fewer resources/expenses, and to link with a wider network. In addition, the right strategy for a newly created enterprise in the starting survival stage is the selective or gradual focus strategy, if the marketing activities of product/service have the very high uncertainty at the beginning of the undertaking in the region or the market. The analysis from three key elements of survival strategy obtains result all for disadvantageous situation, but resources already in advance investment situation. The best management strategy is adapted to the strategy of withdrawal. A newly creation enterprise has gone through the starting survival stage, the advancement of operating profit should be produced to last for long enduring survival. The present paper proposed four key elements of management maintenance as a main management target from the advancement's angle of operating profit, which including to reduces the operational risk and cost elements and to increase the operational value and income elements. Therefore, the new enterprise could carry out the four key elements of operating profit advancement to get “the profit”, which would let enterprise have the opportunity to last forever. Keywords：Newly Created Enterprise, Entrepreneurial Plan, Survival Strategy, Profit Advancement, Surface Treatment, Entrepreneurial Management,

The diploma thesis The survival strategy used by children and youth imprisoned in the Terezin ghetto between 1942 - 1945 based on their diaries is a study, which analyze some extant diaries written by children deported during Word War II to the Terezin ghetto. As the main sources served archive materials, especially unpublished children's diaries kept in the Jewish Museum of Prague and in the Terezin Memorial. Terezin ghetto (Theresienstadt) was exist between November 1941 and May 1945. Part of this work is concise representation of the ghetto's beginning and function and overall conditions. In the following chapter is briefly described children's homes, which were established thanks to Jugendfürsorge, department which cared about youth in the ghetto. This part deals with the moral influence on children given by the specific conditions and it was presented supporting function of the arts performed by adult prisoners and children too. The main part of this work consists in a researching of the diary entries sorted in predermined aspects. One of them is the space-time aspect. It was selected some entries which described the past, the present and the future. Other entries included reflecting of space out of the ghetto and space in. It was made many hypothesis which contributed to the next analyses....