Purpose – The study aim to investigate the adoption of social and environmental objectives in public procurement. Design/ methodology/ approach – This study undertook an exploratory case study research based on the theory of bureaucracy and the theory of organisational configuration. A semi structured interview and a survey was conducted among public procurement professionals at five Ministries in Malaysia. Findings – The public procurement system were found to contain two organisational structures – The Machine Organisation and the Innovative Organisation. These structures were based on the analysis that there were two approaches to public procurement – the Compliant Approach and the Sustainable Objective Adoption Approach that respectively contained organisational structures of its own in managing public procurement. Mutual adjustment with the stakeholders was seen as a key driver in implementing sustainable objectives successfully in public procurement. Research limitations/ implications – Case studies have been viewed as controversial for the generalizability of knowledge and philosophical approaches to academia due to the low number of respondents. An in-depth study was the key direction of this study in investigating the organisation structure and relationships with the public procurement system that contained the system of administration and governance, people of the organisation, and the hierarchy of the organisation. Practical Implications – This research adds volume to practitioners and policy makers in designing public procurement policies and regulations by identifying the key areas of sustainable adoption in public procurement. Originality/ Value – The in-depth nature of this study provides a perspective into the intricacies of the public procurement system where the procurement officers were found to consolidate working with the regulations, the components of the organisation, and the hierarchies to achieve organisational objectives.

Maintaining the current course of the global society is threatening the human civilization. The urgency of the situation, understood from empirical research, has caused many researchers to call for more prescriptive research as a necessary supplement, to better support decision making for sustainability. While policymakers need to direct and stimulate sustainable production and consumption through, e.g., legislation and market phenomena such as eco-labelling, business represents a significant proportion of the necessary resources, capabilities and mechanisms for the innovation needed for a transition towards sustainability. However, while businesses more and more realize the self-interest in working proactively with sustainability, there is a desire for better support for how to do this also from this end. Such support needs to consider a significant shift going on in business; that individual businesses tend to no longer compete as autonomous entities, but rather as supply chains. Thus, no company is more sustainable than its supply chain partners. Therefore, sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) as a business function, and sustainable procurement as a subset thereof, plays an increasingly pivotal role for sustainable development. The overall aim of this thesis is to contribute to sustainable development by studying how three phenomena; eco-labelling, procurement and supply chain management are related to each other and to a strategic sustainability perspective, and to suggest how these phenomena can be integrated with such a perspective to provide better support for decision making and innovation for sustainability. For this purpose, a framework for strategic sustainable development, including a definition of sustainability and generic guidelines to inform stepwise strategic plans towards sustainability, is used as a foundational methodology. The development of new approaches is also based on case studies with eco-labelling and sustainable public procurement bodies, businesses and public institutions. Information is collected by shadowing of criteria development and collaboration processes, interviews and literature studies. While the findings point to a clear rational for all of the phenomena and several strengths in existing schemes and practices, the findings also point to several shortcomings. Sustainability is not defined, and as a result, there is no foundation for strategic and proactive approaches. Furthermore, decisions are not based on considerations of all dimensions of sustainability, the whole life cycle of products, all relevant stakeholders and a long-term perspective. As a result, the full potential of these phenomena for contributing to sustainable development is not utilized. This thesis prescribes enhanced processes for eco-labelling, sustainable procurement and SSCM, and shows how these can support organisations in developing from reacting individually on known sustainability-related problems to acting proactively and collaboratively in supply chains, in a coordinated and economically viable way, on society’s remaining gap to the full scope of ecological and social sustainability.

nÃo hà / O volume de compras realizadas pelas empresas pÃblicas à expressivo. à preciso que o processo de compras vise o equilÃbrio entre aquilo que compra e a conservaÃÃo dos recursos do planeta. O objetivo geral deste estudo à analisar o processo de implantaÃÃo das compras pÃblicas sustentÃveis da Universidade Federal do Cearà fundamentado em uma metodologia de compras pÃblicas sugerida pelo governo federal. A pesquisa à classificada como aplicada quanto a sua finalidade e exploratÃria e descritiva quanto aos seus objetivos. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi utilizada uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa. A etapa qualitativa exploratÃria foi realizada atravÃs de entrevistas estruturadas com servidores que participam do processo de compra da universidade. Nas informaÃÃes obtidas, foram utilizadas tÃcnicas de anÃlise de conteÃdo. Na etapa quantitativa, foi utilizado questionÃrio estruturado para servidores responsÃveis por setores estratÃgicos da PrÃ-Reitoria de AdministraÃÃo da Universidade. Para fazer uma comparaÃÃo do processo que a universidade vem desenvolvendo com modelos existentes foi utilizada a metodologia desenvolvida pelo o Governos Locais pela Sustentabilidade (ICLEI-LACS), associaÃÃo internacional formada por governos locais e outras organizaÃÃes governamentais. A metodologia à constituÃda de cinco etapas: planejamento; definiÃÃo de metas e objetivos; construÃÃo do plano de aÃÃo; aplicaÃÃo do plano e monitoramento dos resultados. As principais observaÃÃes mostram que ainda nÃo existe uma polÃtica de utilizaÃÃo de critÃrios de sustentabilidade no processo de compra da organizaÃÃo. Por motivo de cobranÃas dos ÃrgÃos fiscalizadores e medidas provisÃrias foi criado um plano de logÃstica sustentÃvel que traz varias aspectos relacionados à sustentabilidade, dentre eles, compras e licitaÃÃes. As compras pÃblicas sustentÃveis representam uma mudanÃa nos padrÃes de aquisiÃÃes de bens e serviÃos das instituiÃÃes federais, requerendo transformaÃÃo nas praticas de compras, para que se tornem um instrumento para alcanÃar os objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentÃvel. / The volume of purchases made by public companies is significant. It is necessary that the procurement process is developed aiming a balance between what purchases and conservation of the planet's resources. The aim of this study is to examine the deployment process of public sustainable procurement of the Federal University of Cearà based on a methodology of public purchases suggested by the federal government. The purpose of the research can be classified as applied, and the goals can be determined asexploratory and descriptive. Qualitat ive and quantitative approach was used in the development of research. The exploratory qualitative phase was conducted through semi - structured interviews with the staff that participate in the buying process of the university. Content analysis techniques w ere used on the information gathered. In the quantitative phase, a structured questionnaire was used with staff that was responsible for strategic sectors of the Dean of University Administration. To compare the process that the university has been develop ing with existing models, a methodology developed by ICLEI - LACS (Local Governments for Sustainability), which is an international association formed by local governments and other government organizations was used. The method of implementation of public su stainable procurement was developed based on the flexibility, being applicable to any public authority. The methodology consists of five steps: planning; definition of goals and objectives; construction of the action plan; implementing the plan and monitor ing of results. The main findings show that there is not yet a policy of using sustainability criteria in the purchasing process of the organization. Due to charges of inspection organs and provisional measures, a sustainable logistics plan that brings var ious aspects related to sustainability, including, purchasing and bidding has been created. A sustainable schedule and a actions were drawn in the plan. The public sustainable presents the change in patterns of purchases of goods and services from federal institutions, requiring transformation in purchasing practices, to become an instrument for achieving the objectives of sustainable development

The current focus on sustainability entails an extension of companies focus beyond economicobjectives to an approach that also take into account economic, ecological as well as societal performance (Hollos, Blome and Foerstl, 2012). In this context, purchasing and supply has been transformed to have a strategic role in sustainability (Meehan and Bryde, 2011). The European Union point to a rising interest for policies that aim at a reorientation of public procurement to achieve solutions that promotes consideration of social policies and that supports sustainable innovation (European Commission, 2016).Public procurement processes have according to Oruezabala and Rico (2012) only been studied in a few empirical studies. Furthermore, Rolfstam et al. (2011) emphasizes that diffusion is an area that have been neglected in the public procurement of innovation. The need for sustainable innovations makes it relevant to address a gap in the literature, which beyond exposing hinders for sustainable public procurement accounts for their effect on the diffusion of sustainable innovations. Wastewater treatment is important for public procurement due to its significant environmental impact and therefore the wastewater treatment industry is the focus of this thesis. The importance of the study is supported by actors such as AxFlow that supplies the wastewater treatment industry with technical solutions. This company experiences that hinders in public procurement prevents diffusion of sustainable innovations.The purpose with this research is to investigate what barriers for sustainable procurement that prevents the diffusion of sustainable innovations. To fulfill this purpose a case study was conducted where data was collected through interviews with individuals with varying roles and experiences within public procurement to waste water treatment plants. In order to achieve the purpose it was necessary to determine that public procurement play a role in achieving a sustainable development. It was also crucial to find evidence on the existence of barriers for sustainable procurement and what these are. The results indicate that public procurement could play a significant role in promoting sustainable development. However, it is possible to conclude that the actual contribution is significantly small or nonexistent due to the fact that there are several barriers in place that prevents public procurement from having a significant impact. Findings suggests that barriers to sustainable procurement exists and that these relate to all three pillars of sustainable development, which are the economic, social and environmental pillar. By analyzing barriers to sustainable procurement found in the empirical study it was possible to identify which specific barriers that prevents the diffusion of sustainable innovations. It is concluded that the diffusion of sustainable innovations is prevented by the following barriers: 1. Public procurement failing to create economic incentives for sustainable product development. 2. An insufficient base of stake holders involved in the policy formulation process. 3. Policies not being formed on consensus and dialogue. 4. A lack of policy integration over different environmental media. 5. A lack of a strategic plan in public procurement. 6. Procurers given insufficient support and mutual measures necessary for evaluation.

Sustainable procurement is satisfying an organization's demands at the best possible financial value while minimizing the negative impact on humans and the atmosphere. There are studies where environmental factors are included as a KPI in buying elements, but it’s tough to integrate the three essential pillars Social, Economic, and Ecological Pillar. In the context of this research, SP is an ethical and eco-friendly technique for meeting the demand and desire for articles, amenities, and utilities in a way of establishing significant gains not only for the company but also for individuals and the monetary aspects by generating the lowest amount of threat to the nature. More healthy consumption and manufacturing will enable nations to advance along a sustainability roadmap by sticking to the worldwide mission of an Eco-friendly globe. This paper focuses on the implementation of SP and identifies a list of SP (Sustainable Procurement) drivers, barriers, and practices required for organizational changes that must be made by an organization when transforming a traditional procurement process into a sustainability-oriented procurement process, to contribute to the global and national agenda of addressing the concept of sustainability. Using empirical data, this paper offers recommendations for professionals and organizations planning to undertake Sustainable Procurement practices.

Submitted by Alison Vanceto (alison-vanceto@hotmail.com) on 2017-01-19T12:25:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissJAA.pdf: 1201087 bytes, checksum: 855ea228f47fd8287758e10d1aec079c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Camila Passos (camilapassos@ufscar.br) on 2017-01-20T10:29:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissJAA.pdf: 1201087 bytes, checksum: 855ea228f47fd8287758e10d1aec079c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Camila Passos (camilapassos@ufscar.br) on 2017-01-20T10:31:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissJAA.pdf: 1201087 bytes, checksum: 855ea228f47fd8287758e10d1aec079c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-20T10:36:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissJAA.pdf: 1201087 bytes, checksum: 855ea228f47fd8287758e10d1aec079c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-23 / Não recebi financiamento / Issues of environmental concern and changes in the interaction between society and the environment gained prominence in recent years. In this context public educational institutions, among them the Federal Universities should assume a position of spread of initiatives that promote consumption patterns and more sustainable production and serve as a mirror to society, as a vital role in social and professional training of individuals, can significantly influence the aspects of culture, ethics and citizenship. Universities are driving new standards, whether as a result of the provision of social services to them is charged or leading by example by exercising the employer function and consumers on a large scale. Before relevant scenario the general aim of this study was to analyze the barriers and facilitators to implementation of sustainable procurement at the Federal University of São Carlos. The survey was conducted as to its purpose and exploratory and descriptive of its overall objectives. Having a qualitative approach which included multiple forms of research and used as a method action research, in order to understand and intervene in the situation. Through this method were three bidding processes with sustainability criteria in UFSCar. The main results revealed that even though a team of experienced bidding the institution should overcome barriers as a market incipient supplier, products and services with higher costs, lack of involvement of the participating units of the process, low degree of planning and the need for policy institutional sustainable procurement, for effective implementation of this type of acquisition. / Questões de interesse ambiental e mudanças na interação entre sociedade e meio ambiente ganharam destaque nos últimos anos. Neste contexto as instituições públicas de ensino, dentre elas as universidades federais, devem assumir uma postura de propagação das iniciativas que promovam padrões de consumo e produção mais sustentáveis e sirvam de espelho para a sociedade, visto que desempenham papel fundamental na formação social e profissional dos indivíduos, podendo influenciar significativamente os aspectos relacionados à cultura, ética e cidadania. As universidades são propulsoras de novos padrões, seja em virtude da prestação do serviço social que lhes é incumbido ou liderando pelo exemplo ao exercer a função de empregador e consumidor em grande escala. Diante de relevante cenário o objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi analisar as barreiras e facilitadores para implementação das compras públicas sustentáveis na Universidade Federal de São Carlos. A pesquisa foi aplicada quanto à sua finalidade e exploratória e descritiva quanto aos seus objetivos gerais. Tendo uma abordagem qualitativa que contemplou formas múltiplas de investigação e utilizou como método a pesquisa-ação, com objetivo de compreender e interferir na situação. Por meio deste método foram realizados três processos de licitações com critérios de sustentabilidade na UFSCar. Os principais resultados revelaram que mesmo tendo uma equipe de licitação experiente a instituição deverá superar barreiras como um mercado fornecedor incipiente, produtos e serviços com custos mais elevados, falta de envolvimento das unidades participantes do processo, baixo grau de planejamento e a necessidade de uma politica institucional de compras sustentáveis, para implementação efetiva deste tipo de aquisição.

In light of the pressing sustainability challenges, new solutions are needed in all aspects ofsociety. Sustainable public procurement (SPP) plays a crucial role in aligning publicorganizations' own actions with political goals and ambitions. In this paper, we focus on thefirst stages of procurement processes in order to realize the potential of SSP to contribute to amore sustainable society. We also acknowledge the potential advantages of the StrategicSustainable Development (SSD) approach, including a common definition for sustainability,promoting a more holistic understanding and these together enabling organizations to actmore strategically. To realize these advantages in practice, we propose an applicable tool for analyzingprocurement needs through an SSD lens. The tool guides procurers to consider sustainabilityaspects and to apply strategic and systemic thinking early on in procurement projects. Weargue that this supports more efficient use of resources, including not only the benefits ofincreased sustainability considerations, but also use of public funds. We further argue thatdespite current challenges of insufficient resources allocation to proper SPP considerations, itis essential to include foundational considerations such as what the need is and what optionsexist to meet the given need in every procurement project.

No / This study examines the effects of organizational financial capacity on sustainable procurement and the extent to which socially responsible human resource capability and sustainability leadership mediate this relationship. Data obtained from 322 organizations through quantitative surveys were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results suggest the following: financial capacity has a significant positive effect on sustainable procurement; financial capacity has a significantly positive effect on socially responsible human resource capability; sustainability leadership and socially responsible human resource capability mediate the positive effect of financial capacity on sustainable procurement. The research contributes to the literature a perspective on the mechanisms through which organizational financial capacity influences sustainable procurement via socially responsible human resource capability and sustainability leadership. The insights provided will inform management decisions and actions regarding how organizational finance can be leveraged strategically to optimize sustainable corporate practices and outcomes.

Bakgrund: Valet av leverantör är ett väldigt viktigt sådant för inköpare för att säkerställa strategisk konkurrenskraft och ökade krav på hållbarhet har försvårat det ytterligare. För företag som anser sig värna om social och miljömässig hållbarhet går det inte längre att bara fokusera på leverantörer som erbjuder de billigaste priserna.                                         Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur Hydroware och andra företag inom tillverkningsindustrin hade kunnat förändra sitt sätt att välja och utveckla leverantörer för att uppnå en mer hållbar verksamhet.                Metod: Studien har genomförts som en fallstudie, med en kvalitativ forskningsmetod och deduktivt angreppssätt. Datainsamlingen har gjorts genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer, både på plats samt via telefon. Resultat: Hydroware rekommenderas att först och främst implementera en tydligare process vid valet och utvecklingen av leverantör för att därefter kunna införa tydligare mått och kriterier ur hållbarhetssynpunkt. Ett supplier scorecard har även tagits fram för att underlätta för Hydroware att mäta och bedöma leverantörernas prestationer i syfte att uppnå en mer hållbar verksamhet. Modellen bidrar med ett systematisk tillvägagångssätt för att följa upp leverantörerna, men innehåller även en viss grad flexibilitet. Vikterna som kriterierna tilldelas kan justeras och kriterier kan antingen adderas eller reduceras beroende på eventuella marknadsförändringar eller ändrade prioriteringar. / Background: Supplier selection is a very important choice for buyers to ensure a strategic competitiveness and increased demands on sustainability have made that choice even harder. Companies that consider themselves safeguarding social and environmental sustainability  can no longer just focus on the suppliers that offers the lowest prices. Purpose: The purpose with this study was to investigate how Hydroware and other companies within the construction industry could change their way of selecting and developing their suppliers to achieve a more sustainable business. Methodology: The study was conducted as a case study with a qualitative research method and deductive approach. The data has been collected through semi-structured interviews, both onsite and by phone. Conclusion: Hydroware is primarily recommended to implement at clearer process regarding supplier selection and development, in order to later introduce more defined measurements and criterias regarding sustainability. A supplier scorecard has also been presented in order to simplify the measurement and evaluation of their suppliers with the purpose to achieve a more sustainable business. The model will contribute with a systematic approach to follow-up on their suppliers but also with a degree of flexibility.  Because the weights assigned to the criterias can be adjusted and the criterias can be added or reduced based on possible changes in the market or changed priorities.

Submitted by Fabiany Feitosa (fabiany.sousa@ufba.br) on 2016-09-15T19:39:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Neves, Sileide Dias das.pdf: 1526159 bytes, checksum: e5b3838e81e2e980df50adf1e53a4482 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Angela Dortas (dortas@ufba.br) on 2017-03-13T17:55:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Neves, Sileide Dias das.pdf: 1526159 bytes, checksum: e5b3838e81e2e980df50adf1e53a4482 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-13T17:55:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Neves, Sileide Dias das.pdf: 1526159 bytes, checksum: e5b3838e81e2e980df50adf1e53a4482 (MD5) / A pesquisa teve como objetivo central apresentar o paradigma na implantação da Política de Licitações Sustentáveis (CPS) na concepção da prática administrativa no campus Sede da UNIVASF e avaliou as evidências administrativas que revelam o cumprimento das obrigações estabelecidas no contrato de serviço terceirizado de limpeza e conservação predial da universidade. Para tanto, identificou-se um referencial teórico e metodológico crítico capaz de abarcar as duas dimensões que integram uma ação administrativa e com base nessa teoria definiu-se um modelo de análise que integrou as duas dimensões propostas: a Gestão (pensar) e a Gerência (agir), garantindo, desse modo, articular aspectos teóricos e práticos do objeto investigado. Como resultado da experiência da avaliação de um contrato de licitação sustentável na UNIVASF foi proporcionado um instrumento de matriz de análise que tem como pressuposto teórico-metodológico central a teoria da Administração Política, com ênfase nos aspectos institucionais (planejamento) e dinâmica organizacional (desempenho), de modo a verificar o nível de integração e/ou desarticulação entre a concepção e o modo de funcionamento do modelo/padrão da política sustentável, ferramenta que pode ser utilizada pela gestão da UNIVASF e por outros órgãos da administração pública com o objetivo de avaliar a política das contratações públicas sustentáveis e contribui para identificar as lacunas entre as dimensões da concepção (gestão) e do executar (gerência). Como sugestão de trabalho futuros, temos o desafio da avaliação do custo da política da sustentabilidade para a administração pública e seu efetivo retorno social no longo prazo. O estudo é de ampla relevância no tocante ao que pode contribuir em relação a estudos futuros sobre o tema licitação sustentáveis no âmbito de distintos entes da administração direta ou indireta, devendo considerar o modelo de análise desenvolvido com as duas dimensões indissociáveis da ação administrativa: Gestão e Gerência, sendo a dimensão Gestão responsável por conceber e planejar o futuro das instituições. / The research had as main objective to present the paradigm in the implementation of the Sustainable Procurement Policy (CPS) in the design of administrative practice UNIVASF headquarters campus and assessed administrative evidence to show compliance with the obligations set out in the outsourced service contract cleaning and conservation university building. Therefore, we identified a theoretical and critical methodological capable of embracing the two dimensions that are part of an administrative action and based on this theory set up an analytical model that integrated the two proposed dimensions: Management (thinking) and Management (act), ensuring thereby articulate theoretical and practical aspects of the investigated object. As a result of the experience of the evaluation of a sustainable procurement contract in UNIVASF it was provided an analysis matrix tool whose central theoretical and methodological fundamentals of theory of management policy, with emphasis on institutional aspects (planning) and organizational dynamics (performance) in order to verify the level of integration and / or disconnection between the design and operation of the model / standard sustainable policy tool that can be used for managing the UNIVASF and other public administration bodies in order to assess the policy of sustainable public procurement and helps to identify gaps between the dimensions of design (management) and execute (run). As future work suggestion, we are assessing the challenge of the cost of the sustainability policy for public administration and its effective social returns in the long run. The study is of wide relevance as to what may contribute towards future studies on the subject of sustainable procurement under separate entities of the direct or indirect administration, should consider the analysis model developed with the two linked dimensions of administrative action: Management and Management, the management dimension is responsible for designing and planning the future of the institutions.