Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, 1994. / Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references (p. 196-206).

Inaug.-Dis.--Berlin. / Lebenslauf.

Thesis (doctoral)--Uppsala Universitet, 1764. / Reproduction of original from Kress Library of Business and Economics, Harvard University. Goldsmiths'-Kress no. 09963.2. Includes bibliographical references.

Abstract Title: Influence of Cultural Difference on Self Employment: Chinese people living in Gävle, Sweden. Level: Final assignment for Master Degree in Business Administration Author: Ruihan Lei, Xi Chen Supervisor: Ehsanul Huda Chowdhury Examiner: Maria Fregidou-Malama Date: 2014－09 Aim: This study aims to analyse the influences of cultural differences on self-employment for Chinese people in Gävle, Sweden. The study further discusses the opportunities for Chinese entrepreneurs to do business in Gävle, Sweden. Method: We used qualitative approach as our research method. We focused on one to one interview as the tool for data collection. Eight respondents were selected as there are only eight Chinese entrepreneurs running 10 businesses in Gävle, Sweden at present. Result & conclusions: The individual factors influence more on the decision making of being self-employed, especially the family, age, and education background factor. Furthermore, the risk taking attitude and the ability of information collecting can also impact the self-employment success. Cultural differences are not exactly a hinder for the entrepreneurship of self-employment, but rather are perceived as an opportunity by the respondents. Suggestions for future research: This study was restricted to geographical limitation. It will be better if future research can concentrate on the relationship between problems and opportunities for studies in the field of cultural differences in other locations and other countries. Contribution of the thesis: This study shows how cultural difference impact self-employment from individual perspective and environmental perspective. It fills the gaps of related literatures; it is a detailed study of cultural influences on Chinese self-employed people living in Gävle, Sweden. It is helpful for Chinese who want to do self-employment in other countries, by understanding which specific factors to take into consideration in the process of conducting self-employment to succeed. Keyword: Self-employment, China, Sweden, Cultural differences.

Halvadzic, S. 2015. Ethics in Archaeology: Treatment of human remains with comparisons between Sweden and the US. BA thesis in archaeology. Linnaeus University.  The main aim in this thesis is to analyse how ethical dilemmas concerning human remains are created within the subject of archaeology and how they are processed and handled. Additionally there will be four actual cases presented within this study that will contribute to the illustration of how previous situations of this sort has been dealt with and the analysis of these cases will affirm how it has affected the lives and work of people today. The cases presented will be Soejvengeelle, the remains from Rounala, the Kennewick man and the La Jolla remains, and there will also be comparisons made between Sweden and the US. Furthermore the primary method of collecting empirical data is based on the hermeneutical perspective and the theories used for the study are deontology and utilitarianism. The analysis introduces the subject of who should rightfully own cultural heritage. Different groups are discussed and the reasons why, such as the foundations for our identity and the rights to claim our ancestors and practice religious beliefs. Thereafter the archaeologists work is presented and how ethical dilemmas affect this work and prevents further information from being gained and shared with the world. Finally the differences between Sweden and the US are compared where weaknesses and strengths are highlighted. In conclusion there must be balance between the public and the archaeologists. Neither can truly function without the other and it is important to be respectful and understanding on this matter. There is also no one, perfect method of handling these situations which means that neither Sweden nor the US are superior in any aspect.

Early in the nineteenth century, four Christian missionaries went from Great Britain to Sweden - from one Christian country to another. The free evangelical type of Christianity which they represented was vastly different from the orthodox Lutheran Christianity in Sweden and made a lasting impact on Swedish Christians. It is the aim of this study to show, by bringing together the total efforts of these missionaries, that their work was directly involved in and in many respects led to the rise of evangelical Christianity, the revivals at the middle of the century, and to the abrogation of the Conventicle Edict, which was the beginning of religious freedom in Sweden. Basic information was available through early non-critical biographies of three of the men, while a more recent in-depth biography has been written on the fourth. Information concerning their work was found in many letters from these men and others in the archives of the British and Foreign Bible Society, the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society, and the Baptist Missionary Society in London; of the United Society for Christian Literature (formerly the Religious Tract Society) in Guildford; and of the Congregational Church in Edinburgh. Minutes of the Committees of these organizations as well as their annual reports provided further information. In Sweden, the archives of the Evangelical Society, the Swedish Bible Society, the Swedish Temperance Society, the Society Pro Fide et Christianismo and the Evangelical Nativeland Society, all in Stockholm, furnished primary material. Through information gathered from these sources, together with help from various historical accounts, the vital contributions of these men to the religious life in Sweden at that time is examined and discussed. Their work is shown to have provided an impetus which sparked the early revivals into a burning movement by mid-century and which played a significant part in the development of freedom of religion in Sweden.

xiv, 354 p. : ill. A print copy of this title is available from the UO Libraries, under the call number: KNIGHT JV8222 .F75 2007 / In both Sweden and the United States immigration has increased, and public concern over immigration, integration, and social citizenship has become heightened. Across affluent Western countries, immigration and integration concerns have been molded into a consensus on the need to instill discipline, but conflict has emerged through public discussions of where discipline is to be applied. Analyzing media content and public documents, I find that in Sweden and in Europe more broadly, as in the United States, some disciplinary political narratives suggest that immigrants themselves are deviant and should be targeted for exclusion from the social rights of citizenship; other narratives hold that immigrants can best be incorporated by using the state to facilitate the expansion of the secondary labor market. It is popularly claimed that the expansion of secondary labor markets promotes economic inclusion, which is held to be the foundation for integration. While this has proven an effective wedge among voters, I probe the validity of this neoliberal claim by reviewing the integration of previous labor immigrants in Sweden through industrial-sector jobs, and by examining immigrant economic inclusion and social citizenship in the U.S. I use comparative data on inequality and immigration within the United States and across Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries to assess trends in relationships driving social citizenship politics. In interviews with policy makers and integration officials and reviewing the labor union confederation literature in Sweden, I find satisfaction with the operation of the Swedish social democratic division of labor in immigrant policy-setting and integration; as well I find on the national level a lack of concern with the wider, politically-transformative implications of prominent social citizenship politics. This allows me to demonstrate how state actors and even labor institutions can be steered into facilitating neoliberal wedge politics and reforms that undermine social citizenship in favor of concentrated accumulation. / Adviser: Linda Fuller

The objective of this essay is to explain if there exist a mismatch on the Swedish labour market, with a main emphasis on overeducation. We frame our empirical work according to mismatch theories the human capital theory, technological change theory and the education-occupation mismatch theory. Using panel data from the European Social Survey covering the period 2002 and 2016 were we able to define overeducation at different levels to observe which is the most suitable for the topic of this essay. Our main result will be focusing on the 20 percent level, which means: “I and 20% other workers acquire a higher education than the other 80%”. Our result indicated that immigrants experienced a higher likelihood of being overeducated in comparison to natives. When we looked at the different birth regions did we found that individuals from the Central/South American countries were the ones who experienced the highest likelihood of being overeducated. Our result indicates that the further away your home country is from Sweden the higher is the probability of being overeducated, which goes hand in hand with the theories presented.

The aim of the essay was to analyse the speeches of the party leader in Almedalen 2012 and 2016 to see how much right-wing populism that could be identified. The Social Democratic Party, the Moderate Party, the Sweden Democrats and the Christian Democrats were the parties which were investigated. The question of the essay was: Are there more or less tendencies of right-wing populism in the speeches of the Social Democratic Party, the Moderate Party, the Sweden Democrats and the Christian Democrats when the speech of 2012 are compared to the speech of 2016? The analysis was based on four different aspects which characterize right-wing populism. These were anti-establishment, people´s representative, threat & dissociation and nationalism. The Sweden Democrats had tendencies of all the aspects in both speeches, although the tendencies were stronger for the anti-establishment in the speech of 2016. The other parties generally lacked indications of right-wing populism regarding most of the aspects in the speeches of 2012. While it in the speeches of 2016 were more tendencies of right-wing populism, although many aspects still were absent in the speeches of 2016. However, there were more tendencies of nationalism 2016.

This thesis sets out to critically interrogate the contemporary relevance of integration and, in turn, develops a more useful theoretical framing for understanding the experiences of ethnic minorities in Stockholm and London. I argue that the concept of integration remains so normatively loaded that it obscures its advocates’ own stated ideal – the fluent sharing of lives on a daily, mundane basis. I also argue that processes of integration are the self-same processes that produce and reaffirm racialised differentiation. My analysis is empirically situated in interviews with 23 young research participants from Stockholm and London, as well as observations from shared time – at sites ranging from commercial high streets to the squares of council estates. Much of my critique targets the tendency of sociological commentary to trade in a series of analytic reductions, whereby: a) ethnic identification is too heavily tied to expectations about culture and value-orientations; b) identity performance is too often read as denoting a subjective internalisation of that particular identity position, whereby the subject is seemingly of the identity she refers to; and c) close social ties are seen as more meaningful to people’s experiences than the negotiation of fleeting urban encounters. The recurring emphasis of this critique is that routines of fluent multi-ethnic cohabitation rest on an ability to disturb the idea of space, culture and solidarity as ethno-communal properties. The idea of conviviality, borrowed from Paul Gilroy, is developed here as a more accurate heuristic via which one can understand these alternative interactive fields; where markers of difference are neither actively elided (i.e. denied or absorbed into a larger field of community) nor rendered obstructive. Going against a resurgent ‘sociology of ties’, my empirical attention centres here on those myriad and irregular encounters outside of one’s immediate kin and peer networks (what I call ‘second-order’ interaction). I also evidence the ways in which the participants are often involved in an intricate game of ‘identity citation’; wherein, they consent to a sense of their own difference primarily in order to remain intelligible to the dominant social gaze and its normative racial orders. This alternative reading of identity difference, where identity is consented to, but not necessarily internalised, triggers in turn a different kind of lived multicultural politics; a multicultural politics which is more about anti-racism than it is about the ontology of communal difference.