The literature was reviewed for information regarding anatomical studies of secondary xyqlem - particularly information pertaining to <u>Acer Nigrum, Platanus occidentalis</u>, and <u>Rhododendron maximum</u>. / Master of Science

The Historic John and Landon Carter Mansion, a satellite property of Sycamore Shoals State Historic Area in Elizabethton, Tennessee, is one of Tennessee's earliest historic homes. Because the house is not open year-round, the state park service has expressed a need for an interpretive kiosk to stand on the property and provide visitors with information on the Carter Mansion. This project represents an effort to summarize existing knowledge on the house, to address common misconceptions, and to create an interpretive kiosk design based on historical research.

No description available.

The present work was developed with the objective of investigating the characteristics of bending of the wood of Sycamore (Platanus x acerifolia), açoita-cavalo (Luehea divaricata), and pecan (Carya illinoinensis) coming from forests non managed for this end from the area of the Depressão Central and Encosta Superior do Nordeste of the state Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil. There were cut down five representative trees of each species and study area. There were determined the characteristics such as log as taper and idiosyncrasy. In the study there was defined the year of segregation of juvenile/adult wood by means of the radial variation of anatomical characteristics and basic density. The wood was bent in rays of 16 and 21 cm, with wood initial moisture of 14%, and after water boiling for 35 minutes. For the qualification of the defects of the bending wood, the methodology described by Vorreiter (1958) was followed. The most probable year of segregation is the defined by the radial variation of fiber length that was determined, respectively as, 21, 16 and 14 years for açoita-cavalo, pecan and sycamore. With relationship to the quality of the wood bending, the juvenile wood was surprisingly better than the adult wood for the rays and tested species. In this resard, there are not great needs of a forest handling that decreases the amount of juvenile wood. Nevertheless, trunk breakdown should be made respecting the direction of the fibers; thus, avoiding the main defect of the wood bending (splintering by tension). The best results of the bending wood were observed for the wood of pecan. Possibly, the ring porous wood, characteristic of the species, contributed in the result. Meanwhile, açoita-cavalo and sycamore, wood with diffuse porosity and of high parenchyma proportion, presented a great amount of defective pieces. / O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de investigar as características do vergamento da madeira de plátano (Platanus x acerifolia), açoita-cavalo (Luehea divaricata) e nogueira-pecã (Carya illinoinensis) procedentes de florestas não-manejadas para este fim das regiões da Depressão Central e Encosta Superior do Nordeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil. Foram abatidas cinco árvores adultas representativas de cada espécie e Região de estudo, das quais foram determinadas as características da forma do tronco como conicidade e índice de circularidade. No estudo definiu-se o ano de segregação dos lenhos juvenil/adulto por meio da variação radial de características anatômicas e de massa específica básica. As madeiras das espécies testadas foram vergadas em raios de 16 e 21 cm, com teor de umidade inicial de aproximadamente 14%, após cozimento em água fervente por 35 minutos. Para a qualificação dos defeitos de vergamento, foi seguida metodologia descrita por Vorreiter (1958). Os principais resultados indicam que o ano de segregação mais provável é o definido pela variação radial do comprimento da fibra que foi, respectivamente, 21, 16 e 14 anos para açoita-cavalo, nogueira-pecã e plátano. Quanto à qualidade do vergamento, os corpos-deprova do lenho juvenil vergaram surpreendentemente melhor que os corpos-de-prova do lenho adulto para os raios e espécies testadas. Dessa forma, não há grandes necessidades de um manejo florestal que diminua a quantidade de lenho juvenil. No entanto, o desdobro das toras deve ser feito respeitando a direção das fibras, assim evitando o principal defeito do vergamento observado (estilhaço). Na madeira de nogueira-pecã, foram observados os melhores resultados do vergamento independentemente do raio. Aparentemente, a porosidade em anel, característica da espécie, contribuiu para o resultado. Já as madeiras de açoita-cavalo e plátano, com porosidade difusa e com grande proporção de parênquima, apresentaram uma grande quantidade de peças defeituosas.

No description available.

This dissertation is a participant observer’s account of implementing a multisite, randomised controlled trial within Her Majesty’s Prison Service. It adds to a scarce literature detailing the steps involved in implementing experiments in custodial settings by providing a candid account of the route from planning to successful implementation. The randomised controlled trial was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Sycamore Tree Programme. This programme’s goal is to teach prisoners the wider harm of crime and includes a face-to-face meeting between a victim of crime and the participating offenders. It derives its rehabilitative potential from restorative justice and seeks to foster hope that change is possible for offenders, thus aiding them to desist from crime. Its development and theoretical basis are described for the first time. In an in-depth narrative the dissertation details how at every stage strategies were developed to manage participant procurement, random assignment, maintaining treatment integrity, and preparing for final outcome measurements. The randomised controlled trial was designed to produce an individual experiment in eight prisons. These will be combined in a meta-analysis as well as analysed as a pooled sample. Overall the implementation process took close to two years and involved a charitable body, Her Majesty’s Prison Service, the National Offender Management Service, and two police forces. This work has demonstrated how the unstable nature of English prison populations and the risk-averse climate must be addressed when conducting experiments in that environment. It has also illustrated the gap between the rhetoric of evidence-based policy and the facilitation of research designed to seek that evidence. Nevertheless, developing trusting relationships and combining rapidly learnt skills with inherent abilities ensured that the evaluation methodology was supported and protected through the various challenges it met. Finally, the dissertation suggests conditions for closer collaboration between government executive bodies and researchers that might increase the number of experiments undertaken in prisons. It also aims to encourage researchers that prison experiments, although not easy, are feasible, defendable, and, above all, worthwhile.

While the (re)conquest of Arabia as manifest in 2003 Iraq, and 2006 Lebanon, were respectively Act I and II accenting sovereign figures exercising necropower by adjudicating (il)legal doctrines (i.e., pre-emptive defense strategy) legalizing extrajudicial techniques of violence founded on discursive technologies of racism, I argue that the “Islamist Winter” – temporarily dubbed the “Arab Spring” in 2011 – is Act III reifying similar legal doctrines (i.e., Bethlehem Legal Principles) and a (secular) linear temporal perception of time seeking to implement a New Middle East (NME) that is no longer “resistant to Latin-European modernity” but amenable to such inclusive exclusion historicist telos. The importance of “creative anarchy” as a positivist legal technique in producing chaotic developments such as carnage and a “crisis” or “emergency” of displacement – with sovereign members of jus gentium authorizing agents of terror (i.e., death squads/war-machines) – is that it reveals the deadly technologies of racism and relations of enmity inherent in sovereignty as a positivist juridical concept endowing sovereign figures with the power to formulate legal doctrines that ultimately subjugate Arab life to the power of death (necropower). Therefore, one of the main questions orbiting the writing of this dissertation is interested in deconstructing and critiquing jus gentium – by adopting a Third World Approach to International Law (TWAIL) in tandem with necropolitics and biopolitics as paradigms of analysis – to disclose that it is because jus gentium valorizes positivist jurisprudent scholastics postulating an unbridgeable cultural gap between an Athenian mode of Being as a universal sovereign subject, and a Madīnian mode of Being as the particular object denied sovereignty, that leads ratiocinative sovereign figures to legally exercise necropower on the Arab body. Therefore, the following chapters seek to go beyond the limited (post-colonial) idea asserting that the problem with international law is that it is primarily “Eurocentric” since the simple solution to such a claim would be to include the non-European body in International Law. Rather, the primary question constellating this monograph is: what are the experienced consequences of being temporally included and what are the experienced consequences of being temporally excluded from a legal regime (i.e., jus gentium) reifying a Latin-European philosophical theology universalizing a particular set of liberal-secular cultural mores as a “cultural benchmark” (i.e., purity-metric) in order to be-come imagined as temporally “inside” jus gentium? / Thesis / Doctor of Social Science