This study was conducted as a bachelor thesis at KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm in the spring of 2016. The study was carried out as a Minor Field Study (MFS) funded by the Swedish public authority Sida - Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency. The aim of the study is to provide an overview of the elements of the Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) system in the city of Mumbai and Navi Mumbai, India. The main current challenges were identified and discussed with focus on social and political aspects such as waste management planning, strategies and legislations. The data for this research were gathered from literature studies and in-depth interviews with officer level stakeholders responsible for MSWM in Mumbai. The results show that the MSWM in Mumbai is facing many challenges and that there is a lack of coordination and a system approach on all levels. Further, a deeply rooted negative attitude towards the field of MSW could be observed. The main problems were shown to be related to politics and lack of awareness. The overall conclusion is that it is not enough that a small fraction of the society, with partially contradictory interests, is taking initiatives to improve the MSWM in Mumbai. In order to achieve a sustainable long-term solution, coordination and a more holistic system approach is necessary.

The doctoral thesis deals with a position of a design process in machine tool life-cycle and with main design approaches. Main aim of the doctoral thesis is to bring System approach of machine tool development. This method follows design team experience with support by systematic methods and managing by product manager. Alongside this method respects System approach defined by Janicek. It is possible to achieve increasing of machine technical quality, reducing of final machine costs and reducing of time for machine tool creation by application of this method. System approach of machine tool development is focused on detailed outer and inner optimization of a machine structure from technical and economical point of view. This design approach is possible to apply in any production company because it is brought in intelligible way.

Development of temperature controlled packaging (TCP) systems involves a significant lead-time and cost as a result of the large number of tests that are carried out to understand system performance in different internal and external conditions. This MPhil project aims at solving this problem through the development of a transient spreadsheet based model using lumped system approach that predicts the performance of packaging systems under a wide range of internal configurations and dynamically changing environmental thermal conditions. Experimental tests are conducted with the aim of validating the predictive model. Testing includes monitoring system temperature in a wide range of internal configurations and external thermal environments. A good comparison is seen between experimental and model predicted results; increasing the mass of the chilled phase change material (PCM) in a system reduces the damping in product performance thereby reducing the product fluctuations or amplitude of the product performance curve. Results show that the thermal mathematical model predicts duration to failure within an accuracy of +/- 15% for all conditions considered.

O etanol produzido a partir da cana-de-açúcar já faz parte da matriz energética do Brasil há tempo considerável. Agora, com a perspectiva de escassez de petróleo, o etanol passa a ser uma opção de combustível para muitas outras nações no mundo. No entanto, para que isto ocorra, existe uma forte pressão para que este combustível se adéqüe a formas de produção que prezem pela sustentabilidade do sistema, com base no tripé: econômico, ambiental e social. Soma-se a isso um brutal aumento da demanda pelo combustível, o que leva os grupos do setor sucroalcooleiro a buscarem melhor formas para aumentar a competitividade do produto. Com isso os produtores independentes de cana-de-açúcar passam a ser vistos como um agente importante para o crescimento deste sistema. Um setor que é conhecido por verticalizar o processo da produção passa a encontrar nestes fornecedores independentes uma fonte de fornecimento de matéria-prima competitiva e fundamental. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar a estrutura de governança utilizada pelos grupos do setor sucroalcooleiro, bem como eles gerenciam o relacionamento com fornecedores. Isto foi alcançado através de uma pesquisa desk research, com foco na teoria da Economia dos Custos de Transação, modelos eficientes de estrutura de governança e uma análise do sistema agroindustrial da cana-de-açúcar no Centro-Sul do Brasil, junto com um estudo multi-casos com 4 grupos do setor sucroalcooleiro do Estado de São Paulo. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que a definição da estrutura de governança utilizada pelos grupos não ocorre de maneira pontual, e sim levando em conta aspectos ligados a capacidade dos fornecedores e a capacidade das usinas em lidar com esses relacionamentos. Outro resultado obtido diz respeito ao fato que a maior participação desses fornecedores acaba por estimular a especialização do agentes em sua atividade fim. / Sugar-cane ethanol has long been part of Brazils energy matrix. Recently, with the prospect of oil shortages, ethanol has become an option of fuel for many other nations around the world. Nevertheless, for this to occur, the ethanol industry has been pressured to adopt sustainable production processes, based on the tripod of sustainability: profit, environment and society. In addition to that, the blast on the demand for this fuel has been leading the industry towards enhancing the products competitiveness. Therefore, independent sugar-cane producers have become important players for the growth of the system. A sector known for verticalizing the production process now finds on these suppliers an important source of competitive rawmaterial. This paper aims to analyze the governance structure utilized by the sugar and ethanol industry, as well as the way it manages the relationship with suppliers. This has been reached through a desk research focused on the Theory of Transaction Costs, efficient models of governance structures and an analysis of the sugarcane commodity system in Central- Southern Brazil, along with a multi-case study involving 4 groups of the sugar and ethanol industry of the State of Sao Paulo. The results show that the definition of the governance structure utilized by the groups do not occur out of a context, but taking into account aspects related to the capacity of suppliers and mills in dealing with these relationships. Another result regards the fact that the participation of suppliers stimulates the specialization of the agents in their own core business.

This thesis analyses a specific type of energy usage system, “energy usage in hotels”, and how this system behaves. In order to evaluate the current state of energy use in hotels, an energy audit questionnaire was developed and conducted among 31,5% of hotels on the Adriatic coast. The energy audit was used as a tool to set a benchmark for energy consumption in hotels and to identify opportunities for increased energy efficiency measures in HVAC systems. The analysis has shown that the average energy consumption in hotels on the Adriatic coast is in the range of 159 to 180 kWh/m2 and 162 to 225 kWh/m2 for seasonal and non seasonal hotels respectively. In order to establish a relationship between different independent variables in the hotels (total floor area and number of rooms) and dependent variables, such as electricity and oil consumption, mathematical statistical methods, such as correlation and regression analysis, were implemented. The objective of this thesis was also to develop - from an energy, environmental and economical points of view - a methodology for the design and retrofit of HVAC systems in the hotels on the Adriatic coast. The methodology named HOTECO is based on a system thinking approach. With respect to the technological aspects, the first step was to analyse conventional HVAC system designs and to compare it with the three most promising alternative HVAC systems utilizing renewable energy sources for a typical hotel. Computer modelling in TRNSYS was used to assess energy consumption. TRNSYS software has been used for simulations for a number of years, is internationally recognized, and has been validated and verified. It was concluded that energy and environmental savings in hotels on the Adriatic coast could be achieved using readily available technologies. The HOTECO methodology also demonstrated a framework that supports decision making iv regarding system selection and operational strategies to limit environmental impact from HVAC systems in hotels. Four scenarios for energy consumption in hotels on the Adriatic coast with regards to current state of energy systems and improved retrofit solutions utilizing renewable energy source were given. / QC 20100929

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-09-04T12:27:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 robertomarquesneto.pdf: 22258778 bytes, checksum: b0d66c273cebfa0bbd19b5eabdbcdf4c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-09-04T13:19:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 robertomarquesneto.pdf: 22258778 bytes, checksum: b0d66c273cebfa0bbd19b5eabdbcdf4c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T13:19:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 robertomarquesneto.pdf: 22258778 bytes, checksum: b0d66c273cebfa0bbd19b5eabdbcdf4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-10 / PROQUALI (UFJF) / A bacia do Rio Verde drena uma área de 6.893 km2 na parte meridional do estado de Minas Gerais, em terrenos pertencentes a Serra da Mantiqueira e ao Planalto do Alto Rio Grande. A diversidade paisagística existente em seu perímetro sinaliza para a interferência mútua entre efeitos climáticos e tectônicos atuando na evolução do relevo, que vem dando aporte a diferentes modalidades de uso da terra ao longo da história, o que repercute em diferentes quadros morfodinâmicos. Encerra-se, dessa forma, como objetivo central da presente tese perpetrar um estudo do sistema morfoclimático e morfotectônico da bacia de drenagem em questão mediante uma perspectiva sistêmica, tomando como pressuposto que a verificação integrada dos agentes endógenos e exógenos é conduta necessária para uma interpretação suficientemente abrangente da evolução morfológica da área. Em caráter mais específico, também é tomado como objetivo averiguar as conexões estabelecidas com a dimensão antropogênica através das diferentes formas de uso da terra e alterações ambientais associadas, que se integra à evolução natural da paisagem na conformação de diferentes geossistemas. O estudo das superfícies geomorfológicas subsidiou a compreensão da evolução do relevo e sua compartimentação, procurando-se interpretar os significados climáticos e tectônicos definidores do atual posicionamento das superfícies geomórficas e suas possíveis correlações. No tocante às coberturas superficiais, maior ênfase foi dada aos depósitos fluviais existentes na bacia do Rio Verde, que foram abordados sob o prisma da aloestratigrafia, de grande valia para o estudo de depósitos quaternários. Foi definida uma aloformação neoquaternária correspondente às planícies aluviais atualmente ativas do Rio Verde e principais afluentes, que foi designada como Aloformação Rio Verde, edificada fundamentalmente por sucessões de acreção horizontal e transbordamentos, conformando depósitos datados entre 600 e 1200 anos. A tectônica ativa que também figura como componente fundamental na evolução do relevo regional foi estudada mediante a execução de procedimentos de análise estrutural e interpretação das evidências no relevo e na drenagem de efeitos deformacionais recentes (neotectônicos), e que sobejam na área de estudo na forma de capturas fluviais, deflexão e migração de canais, encaixamento e retilinidade abusiva da drenagem, soerguimento de planícies de inundação, deslocamento de cristas, falhamentos atingindo depósitos recentes, entre outros. Como subsídio ao conjunto de procedimentos acionados para análise geomorfológica e estrutural, foram empreendidas datações absolutas de sedimentos pelo método da Luminescência Opticamente Estimulada (LOE), que auxiliou de forma auspiciosa as interpretações de cunho morfoclimático e morfotectônico. Foram datados depósitos de planícies aluviais soerguidas, o que acusou uma tectônica ativa em idades essencialmente neoquaternárias, compreendidas entre dois e 55 mil anos. Os resultados obtidos a partir do estudo da evolução natural do relevo foram tratados em suas conexões com a dimensão antrópica, integrados em conformidade com a abordagem geossistêmica. Tal leitura concebeu cerca de trinta unidades de mapeamento definidas a partir do relevo, variável fundamental na definição de unidades de paisagem em áreas de topografia movimentada e submetida a uma tectônica ativa, juntamente com o padrão tectônico e estrutural, a textura das coberturas superficiais, a vegetação e o uso da terra. Cada uma dessas unidades constituem classes de fácies discernidas em trinta unidades de mapeamento que se agrupam em um nível superior que, interpretados num sistema bilateral de classificação, correspondem a geomas/macrogeócoros. De forma inequívoca, a evolução natural do relevo pode ser integrada à dimensão antropogênica em uma perspectiva sistêmica, cujo resultado final consubstancia unidades de mapeamento que são reflexos de tais conexões. O caráter integrado de sua definição, exaltando as potencialidades e restrições do meio, podem subsidiar de forma direta o planejamento ambiental e a gestão do território. / Rio Verde's basin drains an 6.893 km2 in the meridional part of Minas Gerais State, in lands that belong to Serra da Mantiqueira and to Planalto do Alto Rio Grande. The paisagistic diversity in their perimeter singns to the mutual interference among climatic and tectonic efects acting in the reflief evolution, which supports different modalities in land use throughout History, deflecting in different morphodynamic pictures. Therefore, as principal aim of this thesis the study of the morphoclimatic and morphotectonic systems of the drainage basin in question supported by a systemic persperctive, taking as pressuposition that the integrated verification of the endogenous and exogenous agents is a necessary conduct towards an intepretation suficiently extensive of morphologic evolution in the area. In a more specific matter, it is also taken as an aim inquire the established conections to the anthopogenic dimension through the different ways of use of the land and associated ambiental alterations, which integrates to the natural evolution of the landscape conforming to different geossystems. The study of the geomorphologic surfaces has served as primordial basis to the comprehension of the refief's evolution and its compartimentation, objecting to interpret the climatic and tectonic significates that define the actual position of geomorphic surfaces and their possible correlation. Referring to superficial coverage, closer emphasis was given to existent fluvial deposites in the Rio Verde's basin, approached under an aloestratigraphic prisma, of great value to the study of quaternary deposites. It has been defined a neoquaternary aloformation which correponds to the currently active alluvial flat lands in Rio Verde and in its main affluents, designed as Rio Verde Aloformation, mainly built by a series of horizontal accretion and overflows, shaping deposites dated between 600 and 1200 years. The active tectonic thar also figures as fundamental component in the regional relief's evolution has been studied through the execution of structural analysis procedures and interpretation of recent (neotectonic) deforming effects evidencies in the relief as well as in the drainage, that abound in the studied area in the form of fluvial captures, deflection e migration of streams, fitting and abusive rectlinearity of the drainage, elevation of flood flat lands, crest displacement, failures achieving recent deposites, among other things. As subsidy to the procedures actuated for the geomorpholic and structural analysis, absolute sediment datings were driven by the Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) method, which assisted in an auspicous ways the interpretation in the morphoclimatic and morphotectonic take. Deposites of elevated alluvial flat lands have benn dated, that accused an active tectonic in essecially neoquartenary ages, comprehended between two and twelve thousand years. The results achieved by the study of the relief's natural evolution were treated ins their connections with the anthopic dimension, integrated in conformity with the geossystemic approach. Such view concieved about thirty unities of mapping defined from the relief, fundamental variable in the landscape unities in areas of active topography and submitted to an active tectonic, along with the tectonic and structural pattern, the texture of the superficial coverages, the use of the land and vegetation. Each one of the unities constitute several kinds of facies discerned in thirty mapping unities that group in a superior level that, interpretated under a bilateral classification system, correspond to geoms/macrogeocorics. In an unequivocal way, the relief's natural evolution may be integrated to the anthropogenic dimension in a systemic perspective, in which final results consubstantiate mapping unities that are reflexes of such connection. The integrated charcter of its definition, emphasizing the potentialities and restriction of the environment, can subsidize in a direct way o ambiental planning and the territorry management.

O etanol produzido a partir da cana-de-açúcar já faz parte da matriz energética do Brasil há tempo considerável. Agora, com a perspectiva de escassez de petróleo, o etanol passa a ser uma opção de combustível para muitas outras nações no mundo. No entanto, para que isto ocorra, existe uma forte pressão para que este combustível se adéqüe a formas de produção que prezem pela sustentabilidade do sistema, com base no tripé: econômico, ambiental e social. Soma-se a isso um brutal aumento da demanda pelo combustível, o que leva os grupos do setor sucroalcooleiro a buscarem melhor formas para aumentar a competitividade do produto. Com isso os produtores independentes de cana-de-açúcar passam a ser vistos como um agente importante para o crescimento deste sistema. Um setor que é conhecido por verticalizar o processo da produção passa a encontrar nestes fornecedores independentes uma fonte de fornecimento de matéria-prima competitiva e fundamental. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar a estrutura de governança utilizada pelos grupos do setor sucroalcooleiro, bem como eles gerenciam o relacionamento com fornecedores. Isto foi alcançado através de uma pesquisa desk research, com foco na teoria da Economia dos Custos de Transação, modelos eficientes de estrutura de governança e uma análise do sistema agroindustrial da cana-de-açúcar no Centro-Sul do Brasil, junto com um estudo multi-casos com 4 grupos do setor sucroalcooleiro do Estado de São Paulo. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que a definição da estrutura de governança utilizada pelos grupos não ocorre de maneira pontual, e sim levando em conta aspectos ligados a capacidade dos fornecedores e a capacidade das usinas em lidar com esses relacionamentos. Outro resultado obtido diz respeito ao fato que a maior participação desses fornecedores acaba por estimular a especialização do agentes em sua atividade fim. / Sugar-cane ethanol has long been part of Brazils energy matrix. Recently, with the prospect of oil shortages, ethanol has become an option of fuel for many other nations around the world. Nevertheless, for this to occur, the ethanol industry has been pressured to adopt sustainable production processes, based on the tripod of sustainability: profit, environment and society. In addition to that, the blast on the demand for this fuel has been leading the industry towards enhancing the products competitiveness. Therefore, independent sugar-cane producers have become important players for the growth of the system. A sector known for verticalizing the production process now finds on these suppliers an important source of competitive rawmaterial. This paper aims to analyze the governance structure utilized by the sugar and ethanol industry, as well as the way it manages the relationship with suppliers. This has been reached through a desk research focused on the Theory of Transaction Costs, efficient models of governance structures and an analysis of the sugarcane commodity system in Central- Southern Brazil, along with a multi-case study involving 4 groups of the sugar and ethanol industry of the State of Sao Paulo. The results show that the definition of the governance structure utilized by the groups do not occur out of a context, but taking into account aspects related to the capacity of suppliers and mills in dealing with these relationships. Another result regards the fact that the participation of suppliers stimulates the specialization of the agents in their own core business.

The subject of this work is a theoretical analysis of the quality requirement for the part in the pre-series phase and quality tools. The thesis focuses on the synergy of selected quality tools. The practical part focus on comparison of software, which can be used to create and maintain tools, Subsequently the application od selected methods in a manufacturing company supplying the automotive industry.

Presented dissertation thesis has focused on the project management; its objective has been to achieve set main goal applying used methodology, i.e., to propose a model of management of project financial flows. The pre-requisite of achievement of said main goal has been the primary research undertaken in the monitored area of processing industry, following criteria established in advance. These criteria have been formulated in particular in harmony with the evaluation of current condition of given issue both in the Czech Republic and abroad; furthermore, by interviews made in qualitative research, the verification of which has applied the combination of quantitative and qualitative research, as well as statistical verification of formulated hypotheses. On the basis of such acquired and verified data the model of management of project financial flows has been generated based, among others, on the application of so-called system approach, the pre-requisite of which has been the optimization of managerial approach and decision-making reflected in the process of budget creation in mutual links with three-imperative during project planning.

Yes / Whole-systems approaches are being adopted to tackle physical inactivity. The mechanisms contributing to changes resulting from whole-systems approaches are not fully understood. The voices of children and families that these approaches are designed for need to be heard to understand what is working, for whom, where and in what context. This paper describes the protocol for the children and families' citizen science evaluation of the Join Us: Move, Play (JU:MP) programme, a whole-systems approach to increasing physical activity in children and young people aged 5-14 years in Bradford, UK. The evaluation aims to understand the lived experiences of children and families' relationship with physical activity and participation in the JU:MP programme. The study takes a collaborative and contributory citizen science approach, including focus groups, parent-child dyad interviews and participatory research. Feedback and data will guide changes within this study and the JU:MP programme. We also aim to examine participant experience of citizen science and the suitability of a citizen science approach to evaluate a whole-systems approach. Data will be analysed using framework approach alongside iterative analysis with and by citizen scientists in the collaborative citizen science study. Ethical approval has been granted by the University of Bradford: study one (E891-focus groups as part of the control trial, E982-parent-child dyad interviews) and study two (E992). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and summaries will be provided to the participants, through schools or directly. The citizen scientists will provide input to create further dissemination opportunities.