Nanotechnology, the scientific study of manipulating matter on an atomic scale (1 to 100 nanometers) that provides new properties in materials and devices had received considerable research attention and public funding support during the last decade in the US. This emerging technology promises to improve the competitiveness of most of the US industrial sectors. Malerba (2004) an innovation system researcher has developed the theoretical framework "Sectoral System of Innovation (SSI)" to study the process by which new technologies and knowledge are produced and transferred to industrial sectors, where actors interact based on an institutional framework to generate innovation processes. In this dissertation I studied the agriculture and food processing sector, which is a key sector of the US economy that has provided with enough food for the US population, but in an unsustainable way that has harmed the environment, natural resources and human health. The US agrifood sector is facing new challenges of increasing food demand, which need to be addressed in a more sustainable way that takes consideration on economic, environment, and social aspects. The main questions that this dissertation research focuses on studying how much attention the public nanotechnology agrifood research agenda has paid to sustainability issues during the last decade in the US and what role has played the system's actors in influencing this research agenda. The analysis of the policy process in which system's actors try to influence the research agenda is framed in the Advocacy Coalition Framework (Sabatier 1993) that complemented the Sectoral System of Innovation approach in studying the formation of advocacy groups to achieve their coalition's policy goals. Three data sources were utilized to achieve my research goals, the CNS-ASU nanotechnology publications dataset 2000-2010(Porter A, Youtie J et al. 2007; De Bellis 2009)which was used to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the agrifood nanotechnology research publications in the US, semi-structured interviews with key actors and their interaction in advocacy coalition groups, and a literature review of several official documents and public hearing with respect to the US nanotechnology system to evaluate the influence of advocacy groups in the policy process. Utilizing Vantage point data mining and Nvivo qualitative analysis software I conducted the data analysis of my research. The results show increasing research attention toward environmental research and food safety issues that can indirectly impact positively on sustainability development, as well as increasing research attention in studying environmental, health and safety issues (EHS) that can reduce potential risks. The analysis of actors' interaction to influence the policy process, two advocacy coalitions was identified. On one side, a coalition that advocate for more research funding oriented to applied research to achieve the potential that this coalition members believe this technology has to revolutionize the way food is produced giving more competitiveness to the US agrifood sector, this coalition is composed by researchers, federal agency managers and industry representatives. On the other side, a rival coalition that raise concerns respect to potential risks associated to this technology that required to be addressed by the public research agenda. This coalition mainly composed by environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other social actors claim for a regulatory framework that guarantee a nanotechnology development environmental friendly that benefit the society. The influence of these two coalitions have succeed in allocating more federal funding resources to research nanotechnology in the agrifood sector, with particular emphasis in EHS research that show the right path to a sustainable development that guarantee enough resources for the future generations.

China and Russia – two giants in the group of emerging markets – continue to attract wide attention as evolving science and technological superpowers. However, both countries demonstrate mixed success in innovation development and are struggling to overcome the legacies of the former state planning system and accelerate their transition to effective national innovation systems. This study employs a number of theoretical constructs and evidence sources to evaluate the existing path dependencies and compare the achievements of China and Russia in fostering development and effective systems of innovation and governance. A detailed analysis of the state planning legacies is provided together with a study of innovation system transformation and the role of public policy in (re)building national innovation capabilities in China and Russia. The system-evolutionary approach is applied to provide a detailed assessment of the strategic effort undertaken by the governments of both countries. Several government failures and path dependencies seem to prevent the nations from implementing a more effective reform. Yet, there are a number of complementarities and opportunities for mutual learning where both countries can benefit from closer collaboration. The challenges of turning universities into research institutions, increasing productivity of state-owned enterprises, constructing effective science parks, promoting indigenous innovation, ensuring more even distribution of innovation development across regions, turning ‘brain drain’ into ‘brain gain’, and improving intellectual property rights protection are common in Russia and China. As a lens through which to identify and assess innovation systems transformation, the thesis examines emerging nanotechnology development in China and Russia. Nanotechnology is a new science and technology area where policies seem to be independent of many system weaknesses and contribute to breaking existing development lock-ins due to its explorative nature and assumed transformative capacity. Yet, a number of path dependencies do exist in this area but seem to play a marginal role in its progression. An early assessment is provided of nanotechnology impacts on broader socioeconomic development of China and Russia in six key areas: institutional development, knowledge flows, and network efficiency; research and education capabilities; industrial and enterprise growth; cluster and network development; regional spread; and product innovation.The conclusion summarizes the main findings, revisits the major research questions, links the analysis to the conceptual framework, and offers a number of policy recommendations that seem relevant to both Russia and China with a need to increase the transparency of innovation policy, improve the regulation for innovation process, and promote growth of the private sector to ensure effective technology transfer.Results from this study have been reported in various forms in the author’s articles published in Research Policy, Science and Public Policy, Review of Policy Research, International Journal of Economics and Business Research, and European Journal of Development Research as well as presented at a number of international conferences (see Appendix).

Esta tese analisa as características e as condições do desenvolvimento industrial e tecnológico do setor de máquinas-ferramenta no Brasil. O trabalho parte do pressuposto de que há uma relação entre trajetória tecnológica, regime tecnológico e desenvolvimento econômico e considera que o arcabouço sobre Sistema Setorial de Inovação pode trazer importantes contribuições para o desenvolvimento tecnológico entre os setores industriais. A revisão teórica da tese aplicou a discussão sobre trajetória tecnológica, regime tecnológico e Sistema Setorial de Inovação ao caso do setor de máquinas-ferramenta mundial, destacando as características do desenvolvimento das tecnologias do setor na Inglaterra, EUA e Japão. A metodologia de pesquisa abrangeu uma análise sobre o setor de máquinas-ferramenta no Brasil. Esta análise considerou as características do desempenho industrial e tecnológico e as interações realizadas entre empresas de máquinas-ferramenta e grupos de pesquisa sediados no Estado de São Paulo. A partir da análise empírica e setorial, a tese constatou que o regime tecnológico do setor de máquinas-ferramenta do Brasil apresenta características distintas, relativamente ao setor de máquinas-ferramenta dos países analisados na revisão teórica. O Sistema Setorial de Inovação de máquinas-ferramenta no Brasil também apresenta algumas diferenças em relação ao Sistema Setorial de máquinas-ferramenta da Alemanha, Japão, EUA e Itália. A conclusão é que a escolha das empresas por trajetórias tecnológicas no passado pode repercutir um ambiente tecnológico distinto para um mesmo setor através dos países. Considera-se que as características do ambiente tecnológico de cada setor podem apresentar alguns efeitos positivos para a sua competitividade. Entretanto, no longo prazo, a dinâmica industrial e tecnológica do setor de máquinas-ferramenta nacional pode ser afetada pela escolha entre trajetórias tecnológicas. / This thesis analyzes the characteristics and conditions of the industrial and technological development of the machine tools industry in Brazil. The work assumes that there is a relationship between technological trajectory, technological regime and economic development and considers the framework of the Sectoral System of Innovation can make important contributions to technological development among industries. A theoretical review of the thesis applied the discussion on technological trajectory, technological regime and Sectoral System of Innovation in the case of machine tools industry, highlighting the features of the technology development sector in England, USA and Japan. The research methodology includes an analysis of the machine tools industry in Brazil. This analysis considered the performance characteristics of industrial and technological interactions between companies of machine tools and research groups based in São Paulo. From the empirical analysis and sector, the thesis found that the technological regime of the machine tools industry in Brazil has distinct characteristics to the machine tools industry of the countries analyzed in the theoretical review. The machine tools Sectoral System of Innovation in Brazil also have some differences from the System Sector machine tools from Germany, Japan, USA and Italy. The conclusion is that the choice of enterprises by technological trajectories in the past can influence a distinct technological environment for the same sector across countries. It is considered that the characteristics of the technological environment of each sector may have some positive effects on their competitiveness. However, in the long term, the dynamic industrial and technological sector of machine tools can be affected by national choice between technological trajectories.

Esta tese analisa as características e as condições do desenvolvimento industrial e tecnológico do setor de máquinas-ferramenta no Brasil. O trabalho parte do pressuposto de que há uma relação entre trajetória tecnológica, regime tecnológico e desenvolvimento econômico e considera que o arcabouço sobre Sistema Setorial de Inovação pode trazer importantes contribuições para o desenvolvimento tecnológico entre os setores industriais. A revisão teórica da tese aplicou a discussão sobre trajetória tecnológica, regime tecnológico e Sistema Setorial de Inovação ao caso do setor de máquinas-ferramenta mundial, destacando as características do desenvolvimento das tecnologias do setor na Inglaterra, EUA e Japão. A metodologia de pesquisa abrangeu uma análise sobre o setor de máquinas-ferramenta no Brasil. Esta análise considerou as características do desempenho industrial e tecnológico e as interações realizadas entre empresas de máquinas-ferramenta e grupos de pesquisa sediados no Estado de São Paulo. A partir da análise empírica e setorial, a tese constatou que o regime tecnológico do setor de máquinas-ferramenta do Brasil apresenta características distintas, relativamente ao setor de máquinas-ferramenta dos países analisados na revisão teórica. O Sistema Setorial de Inovação de máquinas-ferramenta no Brasil também apresenta algumas diferenças em relação ao Sistema Setorial de máquinas-ferramenta da Alemanha, Japão, EUA e Itália. A conclusão é que a escolha das empresas por trajetórias tecnológicas no passado pode repercutir um ambiente tecnológico distinto para um mesmo setor através dos países. Considera-se que as características do ambiente tecnológico de cada setor podem apresentar alguns efeitos positivos para a sua competitividade. Entretanto, no longo prazo, a dinâmica industrial e tecnológica do setor de máquinas-ferramenta nacional pode ser afetada pela escolha entre trajetórias tecnológicas. / This thesis analyzes the characteristics and conditions of the industrial and technological development of the machine tools industry in Brazil. The work assumes that there is a relationship between technological trajectory, technological regime and economic development and considers the framework of the Sectoral System of Innovation can make important contributions to technological development among industries. A theoretical review of the thesis applied the discussion on technological trajectory, technological regime and Sectoral System of Innovation in the case of machine tools industry, highlighting the features of the technology development sector in England, USA and Japan. The research methodology includes an analysis of the machine tools industry in Brazil. This analysis considered the performance characteristics of industrial and technological interactions between companies of machine tools and research groups based in São Paulo. From the empirical analysis and sector, the thesis found that the technological regime of the machine tools industry in Brazil has distinct characteristics to the machine tools industry of the countries analyzed in the theoretical review. The machine tools Sectoral System of Innovation in Brazil also have some differences from the System Sector machine tools from Germany, Japan, USA and Italy. The conclusion is that the choice of enterprises by technological trajectories in the past can influence a distinct technological environment for the same sector across countries. It is considered that the characteristics of the technological environment of each sector may have some positive effects on their competitiveness. However, in the long term, the dynamic industrial and technological sector of machine tools can be affected by national choice between technological trajectories.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-04-20T14:03:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Aline Caye_.pdf: 2351829 bytes, checksum: c279bc104c17316c0cf4d257c01f624d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-20T14:03:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aline Caye_.pdf: 2351829 bytes, checksum: c279bc104c17316c0cf4d257c01f624d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / BB - Banco do Brasil / Ao introduzir atividades de maior valor agregado ao agronegócio, como é o caso do desenvolvimento do setor produtor de azeite de oliva na agroindústria do Rio Grande do Sul, amplia-se a competitividade desta atividade para a economia do Estado, que não tem tradição na produção de azeite de oliva. Essa possibilidade é uma descoberta relativamente recente, retomada com sucesso em 2003, com o cultivo de mudas de oliva, em Caçapava do Sul/RS, conforme a EMATER/RS-Ascar (2015), e vem sendo considerada um exemplo de agregação de valor e inovação para o agronegócio do RS. A temática abordada neste trabalho refere-se ao desenvolvimento do sistema setorial de inovação de azeite de oliva no Rio Grande do Sul. O objetivo geral do presente trabalho é analisar quais são e como se comportam os elementos e atores que explicam o desenvolvimento desse sistema no RS. A justificativa da pesquisa reside em aplicar um olhar sistêmico no processo de desenvolvimento de um setor produtivo de elevado valor agregado no agronegócio do RS. O recorte teórico de Sistema Setorial de Inovação (SSI) permite a compreensão de elementos que vão além da firma e sua estrutura de mercado. Para apoiar os resultados e análises, buscou-se embasamento teórico em assuntos como inovação, sistema setorial de inovação (SSI), inovação no setor agroalimentar e azeite de oliva. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados, para este estudo, caracterizaram-se como exploratórios e descritivos, utilizando como métodos a pesquisa bibliográfica, a pesquisa documental e a pesquisa de campo. A abordagem qualitativa foi utilizada para responder ao problema de pesquisa. A coleta de dados deu-se sob a forma de pesquisa de campo, através de entrevistas com diferentes atores do SSI, e pela pesquisa documental. Entre julho e dezembro de 2017 foram entrevistados vinte e um (21) atores do setor de azeite de oliva. Através destas entrevistas foi possível constatar que o sistema setorial de inovação (SSI) de azeite de oliva no RS constituiu-se com mais vigor recentemente e ainda está em desenvolvimento. O clima e o solo, as condições de manejo do olival, a sanidade da fruta, a colheita precoce, as condições e o tempo de transporte das azeitonas até o lagar e o cuidado no processamento do azeite são diferenciais que garantem qualidade ao azeite gaúcho, comprovada em guias e concursos internacionais. Além desses elementos, a troca de experiências e os fluxos de conhecimentos tecnológicos dos atores também foram e são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento deste SSI. Em geral, os produtores do azeite de oliva do RS não dependem exclusivamente da olivicultura, não fazem financiamentos bancários para adquirir o olival, tampouco, para mantê-lo, e não contratam seguro do olival. Sendo assim, entende-se que o SSI de Azeite de Oliva no RS está em desenvolvimento, com a presença de atores diversos que possuem função distintas, com firmas heterogêneas em tamanho e em possibilidades de produção e inovação. Analisar esse SSI é uma forma de relatar o desenvolvimento de um segmento produtor de um bem de valor agregado no agronegócio do RS, podendo ser considerada uma experiência relevante para analisar o potencial do agronegócio gaúcho e agregar mais valor em seus produtos finais. / By introducing higher added value activities to agribusiness, such as the development of the olive oil producing sector in the Rio Grande do Sul agro-industry, the competitiveness of this activity for the State's economy is broadened, which has no tradition in production of olive oil. This possibility is a relatively recent finding, successfully resumed in 2003, with the cultivation of olive trees in Caçapava do Sul/RS, according to EMATER/RS-Ascar (2015), and has been considered an example of aggregation of value and innovation for agribusiness in RS. The theme addressed in this study refers to the development of the sectorial system of innovation of olive oil in Rio Grande do Sul. The general objective of the present work is to analyze what are and how behave the elements and actors that explain the development of this system in RS. The research's justification lies in applying a systemic perspective to the process of developing a productive sector with high added value in the RS agribusiness. The theoretical section of Sectorial System of Innovation (SSI) allows the understanding of elements that go beyond the firm and its market structure. To support the results and analyzes, it was sought theoretical basis in subjects such as innovation, sectorial system of innovation (SSI), innovation in the agro-food sector and olive oil. The methodological procedures used for this study were characterized as exploratory and descriptive, using methods such as bibliographic research, documentary research and field research. The qualitative approach was used to answer the research problem. Data collection took the form of field research, through interviews with different SSI actors, and through documentary research. Between August and October 2017, twenty-one (21) actors from the olive oil sector were interviewed. Through these interviews it was possible to verify that the sectorial system of innovation (SSI) of olive oil in RS has been more vigorous recently and is still under development. The climate and the soil, olive tree management conditions, fruit sanitation, early harvesting, the conditions and the time of transportation of the olives to the winery and the care in the olive oil processing are differentials that guarantee quality to the gaúcho olive oil, proven in guides and international competitions. Besides these elements, the exchange of experiences and the technological knowledge flows of the actors were also and are fundamental for the development of this SSI. In general, olive oil producers in RS do not depend exclusively on olive cultivation, do not make bank financing to purchase the olive grove, nor to maintain it, and do not hire insurance from the olive grove. Thus, it is understood that SSI of Olive Oil in RS is under development, with the presence of diverse actors that have different functions, with heterogeneous firms in size and in possibilities of production and innovation. Analyzing this SSI is a way of reporting the development of a segment of a added value product in the RS agribusiness, and can be considered a relevant experience to analyze the potential of the gaúcho agribusiness to add more value to its final products.

In the literature there is a great emphasis on the theories of regional growth and development. In many theories, the role of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in the economic growth and development of different regions has been widely discussed. Therefore, there is an emphasis upon the importance of the SMEs in the growth and development of the regional and national economies. The aim of this study is to clarify the role of local capabilities in the exporting SMEs and consequently define their role in regional growth and shed some light on the situation of the local capabilities in Ankara province. Therefore, in this study, firstly the theoretical framework of regional growth theories and the role of exporting SMEs in the regional economic growth are constructed. Secondly, the increasing role of different types of SMEs in the regional growth and their defining characteristics are discussed. Thirdly, brief remarks on SMEs in the Turkish economy and Ankara have been provided. Afterwards, the main hypothesis of this study tested through the results iv iv obtained from the survey that was done with SMEs in Ankara province and success factors of SMEs are drawn from the in-depth interviews. Finally, by making a general evaluation some policy implications have been drawn.

The sugarcane agribusiness, one of the most traditional of the country, is living a moment of reflection and change with the advent of second-generation ethanol (2G), enzymatic hydrolysis process, with the deployment of the first commercial-scale plant, the GRANBIO. Evolutionary / neoschumpeterian literature is used as a theoretical framework and a review of literature on sectoral systems of innovation, learning processes and the accumulation of technological capabilities. The main challenges direct the research areas supported by SSI and relates to the increased productivity of the raw material through the cane-energy development, and its technical difficulties are concerning the adaptation of new varieties in different edapho-climatic conditions, the adequacy of management techniques with development of planting and harvesting and storage techniques machines; Improvements in the manufacturing process are related to the development of new technologies for increased efficiency using in the new biotechnologyc paradigm. The organizational level has a necessary changes in the learning process and technological capacity to build the firm to achieve endogenous production levels of technology. It was found that all research developed in Brazil around the 2G ethanol partnership with research centers and universities, coming from Sector System sugarcane Innovation, created to sustain and support the metalworking industry, the producers of sugar and ethanol 1G. The 2G firm seeks to harness the "windows of opportunity" of new technology and from the endogenous production of knowledge can dictate the success of technology development. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / A agroindústria sucroenergética, uma das mais tradicionais do país, está vivendo um momento de reflexões e mudanças com o advento da produção de etanol de segunda geração (2G), processo de hidrolise enzimática, e com a implantação da primeira planta em escala comercial, a GRANBIO. A literatura evolucionária/neoschumpeteriana é utilizada como referencial teórico e uma revisão da bibliografia sobre sistemas setoriais de inovação, os processos de aprendizagem e a acumulação de capacidades tecnológicas. Os principais desafios direcionam as linhas de pesquisa suportadas pelo SSI e relacionam-se ao incremento da produtividade da matéria-prima, através do desenvolvimento da cana-energia, e seus gargalos técnicos relativos à adaptação de novas variedades em diferentes condições edafoclimáticas, a adequação das técnicas de manejo com desenvolvimento de máquinas de plantio e colheita e as técnicas de armazenagem; As melhorias no processo industrial relacionadas ao desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias para o aumento da eficiência utilizando o novo paradigma biotecnológico. A nível organizacional, ocorreram modificações no processo de aprendizado e de acúmulo de capacidade tecnológica da firma para alcançar níveis de produção endógena de tecnologia. Toda pesquisa desenvolvida no Brasil em torno do etanol de 2G tem parceria com os centros de pesquisa e universidades, oriundos do Sistema Setorial de Inovação sucroalcooleiro, criado para dar sustentação e suporte a indústria metal mecânica, produtora de açúcar e etanol de 1G. A firma de 2G busca aproveitar as “janelas de oportunidades” da nova tecnologia e produz conhecimento para o desenvolvimento da tecnologia 2G.

Submitted by Luciana Bittencourt da Silva (lu_bittencourt@msn.com) on 2017-12-07T20:33:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final Luciana Bittencourt da Silva.pdf: 2252834 bytes, checksum: 2751e025163c6a9797baefa53c5cddfb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2017-12-11T15:39:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final Luciana Bittencourt da Silva.pdf: 2252834 bytes, checksum: 2751e025163c6a9797baefa53c5cddfb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-26T13:40:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final Luciana Bittencourt da Silva.pdf: 2252834 bytes, checksum: 2751e025163c6a9797baefa53c5cddfb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-01 / The main objective of this study is to characterize the country's research infrastructures and to analyze the financing contribution of Finep to the construction of a modern and competitive research infrastructure. To achieve this objective, the database of the national mapping of the national infrastructures carried out by the IPEA (2016) was used, which contains information on 1.760 research infrastructures in the country, of which 238 reported receiving financial support from Finep. In this sense, the sample was divided in two categories - infrastructures financed by Finep and infrastructures not financed by Finep - to describe the frequency of occurrence as to its central tendency, mainly the average, of the following variables: economic aspects, general conditions, activities developed and scientific production of research infrastructures. Based on the analysis of the infrastructure, the following results could be presented: (i) Finep has supported the infrastructure of higher value and has larger equipment; (ii) the infrastructures financed by Finep are more modern and advanced - compared to the best infrastructures in the country and also those observed abroad; (iii) the infrastructure financed by Finep shows a higher percentage of cooperation with companies, national and international institutions, and also a higher percentage of technology and business services, and (iv) the average number of articles produced in infrastructure financed by Finep is about 20% higher than in infrastructures not financed by Finep. One of the limitations of the study is the difficulty in specifying the monetary values of the main sources of financing of the infrastructures, so it was considered as proxy if the infrastructure had received resources from Finep or not and, we characterized the infrastructure as "with Finep support" and "without Finep support". Another point relates to the temporal aspect, since the survey was fixed in a certain period, more precisely, in the year 2012, so that similar studies can be developed at another time with the same sample and achieve different results. Finally, it is worth mentioning the limitation of this study regarding the analyzed sample, which may present selection bias, endogeny and causality. This study aimed to analyze the country's research infrastructures in the context of the National System of Innovation and the contribution of Finep to its strengthening, given the intrinsic need to have results that offer society information on the return of the public investments applied by Finep in the country's research infrastructures. / Este estudo tem como principal objetivo caracterizar as infraestruturas de pesquisa do país e analisar a contribuição de financiamento da Finep para a construção de uma infraestrutura de pesquisa moderna e competitiva. Para cumprir tal objetivo, utilizou-se o banco de dados do mapeamento inédito das infraestruturas nacionais realizado pelo IPEA (2016), que contém informações sobre 1.760 infraestruturas de pesquisa do país, das quais, 238 informaram receber apoio financeiro da Finep. Nesse sentido, a amostra dividiu-se em duas categorias - infraestruturas financiadas pela Finep e infraestruturas não financiadas pela Finep - para descrever a frequência de ocorrência quanto a sua tendência central, principalmente a média, das seguintes variáveis: aspectos econômicos, condições gerais, atividades desenvolvidas e produção científica das infraestruturas de pesquisa. A partir da análise das infraestruturas, os seguintes resultados puderam ser apresentados: (i) a Finep tem apoiado as infraestruturas de maior valor e que possuem equipamentos de maior porte; (ii) as infraestruturas financiadas pela Finep são mais modernas e avançadas – em relação às melhores infraestruturas do país e também às observadas no exterior; (iii) as infraestruturas financiadas pela Finep apresentam maior percentual de cooperação com empresas, instituições nacionais e internacionais e também maior percentual de prestação de serviços tecnológicos e para empresas, e, por fim, (iv) a média de publicação de artigos produzidos nas infraestruturas financiadas pela Finep é cerca de 20% maior do que nas infraestruturas não financiadas pela Finep. Uma das limitações do estudo diz respeito a dificuldade em se precisar os valores monetários referente às principais fontes de financiamento das infraestruturas, dessa forma, considerou-se como proxy se a infraestrutura havia recebido recursos da Finep ou não e, a partir disso, se caracterizou a infraestrutura como “com apoio Finep” e “sem apoio Finep”. Outro ponto, diz respeito ao aspecto temporal, visto que o levantamento foi fixado em determinado período, mais precisamente, no ano de 2012, de modo que estudos semelhantes podem ser desenvolvidos em outro momento com a mesma amostra e alcançar resultados distintos. Por fim, cabe destacar a limitação desse estudo quanto à amostra analisada, que pode apresentar viés de seleção, endogenia e causalidade. Este trabalho se propôs a analisar as infraestruturas de pesquisa do país no contexto do Sistema Nacional de Inovação e a contribuição da Finep para o seu fortalecimento, tendo em vista a necessidade intrínseca de se dispor de resultados que ofereça à sociedade informações sobre o retorno dos investimentos públicos aplicados pela Finep nas infraestruturas de pesquisa do país.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:53:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GabrielARO_DISSERT.pdf: 1143900 bytes, checksum: 8256306f625e33c9e6ce65bec903d081 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-27 / The transformations economical, cultural and social that happen in world ambit they are associated to the intense progress and expansion of new technologies, forcing governments, people, companies and nations to the introduction of new patterns of behavior, forcing, in that way, to the continuous renewal of products and technological processes to maintain the competitiveness, so much among nations, as in the managerial world. In that matter, the technological innovation is recognized as basic factor of maintainable economical competitiveness, being the responsible for the breaking and/or improvement of the techniques and production processes, what presupposes the systematization varied institutional arrangements that they involve firms, interaction nets among companies, government agencies, universities, research institutes, laboratories of companies and scientists and engineers activities. Those arrangements, to the if they articulate with the educational system, with the industrial and managerial section and, also, with the financial institutions, they take the form that Freeman (1987) it coined of national system of innovation, promoted through public politics of CT&I, which seek to induce and to support innovative initiatives in the companies, as well as to establish demands and to prioritize vocations and regional potentialities. In that context of government support to the technological innovation interferes this study, that it looked for to know the reasons of the fragility innovative in the pharmaceutical industry of State of Par? in Brazil, pointed for PINTEC (2005), starting from the point of view of the businessmen of that section. For such, the qualitative approach was used - with interviews directing semi and the technique of the content analysis. The results of the research pointed that the fragilities innovative of the section links to the ignorance of the government support to the technological innovation on the part of the businessmen of the pharmaceutical industry of State of Par? in Brazil / As transforma??es econ?micas, culturais e sociais que ocorrem em ?mbito mundial est?o associadas ao intenso avan?o e expans?o de novas tecnologias, for?ando governos, pessoas, empresas e na??es ? introdu??o de novos padr?es de comportamento, obrigando, desse modo, ? renova??o cont?nua de produtos e processos tecnol?gicos para manter a competitividade, tanto entre na??es, como no mundo empresarial. Nesse particular, a inova??o tecnol?gica ? reconhecida como fator b?sico de competitividade econ?mica sustent?vel, sendo a respons?vel pelo rompimento e/ou aperfei?oamento das t?cnicas e processos de produ??o, o que pressup?e a sistematiza??o de variados arranjos institucionais que envolvem firmas, redes de intera??o entre empresas, ag?ncias governamentais, universidades, institutos de pesquisa, laborat?rios de empresas e atividades de cientistas e engenheiros. Esses arranjos, ao se articularem com o sistema educacional, com o setor industrial e empresarial e, tamb?m, com as institui??es financeiras, tomam a forma que Freeman (1987) cunhou de sistema nacional de inova??o, promovido por meio de pol?ticas p?blicas de CT&I, as quais visam induzir e apoiar iniciativas inovadoras nas empresas, como tamb?m estabelecer demandas e priorizar voca??es e potencialidades regionais. Nesse contexto de apoio governamental ? inova??o tecnol?gica se insere este estudo, que buscou conhecer as raz?es da fragilidade inovativa na ind?stria farmac?utica paraense, apontada pela PINTEC 2005, a partir do ponto de vista do empresariado desse setor. Para tal, utilizou-se a abordagem qualitativa - com entrevistas semi diretivas e a t?cnica da an?lise de conte?do. Os resultados da pesquisa apontaram que as fragilidades inovativas do setor se relacionam ao desconhecimento do apoio governamental ? inova??o tecnol?gica por parte do empresariado da ind?stria farmac?utica paraense

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The interface between science and technology and the society has led to the notion of science as a social contract, in which scientists, politicians and the general public are called upon to acknowledge the urgency of using all fields of science and technology to address human needs. Science and technology is used as an instrument of change for a better quality of life and sustainable development for the present and future generations. The object of science and technology policies is to achieve specific development objectives. It is thus imperative to adopt science and technology policies that support the national development strategies. It is also important to set up science and technology structures to facilitate the proper functioning of the science and technology system. Competitiveness constitutes one of the most important challenges facing Southern Africa today. With globalization and the expansion of world trade competition, it has become more difficult for Southern African enterprise to keep up with the pace of technological developments. In the light of these challenges, most countries are driving towards the adoption of a national system of innovation (NSI) to encourage the interaction of policies, research and development, human resource development and industrial development. The study is induced by major science and technology set backs, which are common across countries in Southern Africa namely, poor co-ordination mechanisms, poor science and technology infrastructure and a lack of funding. The study provides background information on the theoretical framework of the concept of NSI. For the research method, a qualitative research design was followed with content analysis of existing documents. Published documents were used to provide information on the three countries, which were used as case studies namely Malawi, Namibia and South Africa. The main focus of the case studies is on the following: an outline of the policy goals of each of the three countries, the concept of the NSI as it is expressed by each of the countries and the science and technology structures in the three countries. The study identified poor co-ordination of science and technology activities as the key problem of all three countries. The structures differ slightly and in particular, the placement of the management of science and technology determines the efficiency of the system. The South African NSI is well established as its network is strengthened by the National Advisory Council for Innovation and the National Research and Development Strategy. Next is Namibia which has a system in place, while Malawi is still at the initial stages of setting up its NS!. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die koppelvlak tussen wetenskap en tegnologie en die gemeenskap het gelei tot die siening van wetenskap as 'n sosiale kontrak waarin wetenskaplikes, politici en die algemene publiek versoek word om te erken dat dit nodig geword het om alle vertakkinge van wetenskap en tegnologie aan te wend om menslike nood te verlig. Wetenskap en tegnologie word gebruik as 'n instrument om verandering teweeg te bring ter bevordering van 'n beter kwaliteit lewe en volhoubare ontwikkeling vir die huidige en toekomstige generasies. Die doel van 'n wetenskap en tegnologiebeleid is om spesifieke ontwikkelingsdoelstellings te verwesenlik. Dit is dus noodsaaklik dat hierdie beleid in ooreenstemming met die nasionale onwikkelingsstrategieë ontwerp moet word. Dit is ook belangrik om wetenskap en tegnologiestrukture in plek te stel wat die effektiewe funksionering van die sisteem kan vergemaklik. Mededingbaarheid is een van die grootste uitdagings wat Suider Afrika tans in die gesig staar. Met globalisering en die uitbreiding van wêreldhandel het dit moeiliker geword vir Suider Afrikaanse ondernemings om in pas te bly met tegnologiese ontwikkeling. In die lig van hierdie uitdagings stuur die meeste lande in die rigting van 'n Nasionale Sisteem vir Innovasie (NSI) om interaksie tussen beleid, navorsing en ontwikkeling, menslike hulpbronontwikkeling en industriële ontwikkeling aan te moedig. Wat aanleiding gegee het tot hierdie studie is die wetenskap en tegnologieprobleme wat algemeen voorkom in die lande in Suider Afrikaanse, naamlik onvoldoende koërdinasie meganismes, swak wetenskap en tegnologie-infrastruktuur en 'n gebrek aan fondse. 'n Kwalitatiewe navorsingsontwerp is gevolg waarin analise van die inhoud van dokumente as navorsingsmetode gebruik is. Die studie verskaf agtergrond-inligting oor die teoretiese raamwerk van die NSI konsep. Gepubliseerde dokumente is gebruik om inligting te verskaf oor die drie lande wat as gevallestudies dien, naamlik Malawi, Namibië en Suid-Afrika. Die hooffokus van die gevallestudies is soos volg: 'n raamwerk van die beleidsdoelstellings van elk van die drie lande, die konsep NSI soos toegepas deur elkeen en die wetenskap en tegnologiestrukture in elk van die betrokke lande. Die studie het swak koërdinasie van wetenskap en tegnologie-aktiwiteite as die sleutelprobleem van aldrie lande geïdentifiseer. Die strukture verskil effens van mekaar en veral die plasing van die wetenskap en tegnologiebestuur bepaal die effektiwiteit van die stelsel. Die Suid Afrikaanse NSI is goed gevestig omdat sy netwerk versterk word deur die Nasionale Adviesraad vir Innovasie en die Nasionale Navorsing- en Ontwikkelingstrategie. Volgende is Namibië wat 'n sisteem in plek het, terwyl Malawi nog maar in die beginstadium is van die daarstelling van hul NSI.