Dissertation Abstract Introduction to the conceptual basis of Vratislav Effenberger's thought (Dialectics of the genesis of the concept of idea models) Mgr. Šimon Svěrák The thesis introduces a reader to the basic aspects of the theoretical system of Vratislav Effenberger, the main theoretician of post-war Czech surrealism. It does so through the construction of a developmental dialectic of the main concepts of Effenberger's work of the 1960s, which culminates in the concept of so-called idea models. In this period, Effenberger primarily addresses the question of the nature of the existential forms of the concept of total meaning in the post-war social and psychological situation. He formulates his reflections as a critical reassessment of the theoretical legacy of Karl Teige and a question of the possibility of further continuity of the Surrealist worldview. The thesis demonstrates that Effenberger first rejects the notion of ultimate meaning, through which psychosocial reality can be grasped as a meaningful whole, and replaces it with a notion of conflict. However, the internal logic of his theoretical system gradually leads him to the conclusion that human consciousness cannot exist without the idea of ultimate meaning and that such meaning exists only in the form of the idea model. The idea model is...

South Africa has a high incidence of crime where violence is particularly being committed against adolescents. Trauma has a disruptive influence on the development of adolescents. There is a lack of research focussing on pastoral counselling from a postmodern perspective regarding adolescents who experience acute trauma. This study makes use of three theories to make a meaningful contribution namely those of Rudolf Otto (1869 – 1937), René Girard (1923 - ) and Donald Capps (1990, 1993, 1994,1996). This study finds Otto`s theory about the numinous useful to assist traumatized adolescents on the road to healing. A numinous experience causes two results namely an overwhelming feeling of awe and a feeling of fear that comes from respect and distance. Traumatized adolescents should be guided into a meeting with God in a confusing post-modern world. Through the appropriation of the numinous adolescents can reach infinitely more than only being a “seeker”. Girard`s (1978) theory on mimetic violence and the scapegoat mechanism has been used in this study since it throws some light on the manner in which traumatized adolescents process trauma. The scapegoat mechanism theory helps one to understand how violence can be processed by scapegoating someone or something else. Girard`s theory also enlightens on the theme of forgiveness. Forgiveness is the key to overcome the horrors of the past. Adolescents particularly need role models. These role models can be found amongst other things, on television. Role models teach adolescents about revenge and reprisal. This study demonstrates that by applying Girard`s theory to the cross of Jesus, the traumatized and crucified Jesus becomes the role model for the “seekers” rather than identification with the peer group. Girard creates a greater understanding to manage trauma by exposing the scapegoat mechanism. Capps’ theory about hope and reframing on the other hand is useful in the sense that it gives hope for the future to adolescents. Hope therapy entails reframing since the situation needs a new perspective. The work of Capps, Reframing: New method in pastoral care (1990) was used as a framework. Narrative therapy is used because it assists the traumatized in their search for meaning. Ganzevoort’s (2000) theory regarding personal narrative identity proved to be useful in pastoral care to traumatized adolescents. The same applies to Erikson’s (1963) development theory, which includes the concept that the virtue of hope develops during childhood. It can also be associated with Moltmann’s (1974) view of hope as an alternative future for suffering persons. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

The purpose of this three-essay dissertation was to expand knowledge and theory regarding soft systems methodologies (SSMs) and data visualization approaches in business, engineering, and other social sciences. The first essay depicts a bibliometric analysis study of the historic impacts of SSM from 1980-2018 on business, engineering, and other social sciences fields. This study found 285 articles that described or employed SSM for research and included outcomes such as top SSM authors, author citation impacts, common dissemination outlets, time-bound distribution of publications, and other relevant findings. This study provided a picture of who, what, why, when, and where SSM has had the greatest impact on academic thought and practice. The second essay presents research on the academic impact of Systemigrams, an associated data visualization approach, finding examples of conceptual or research development that employed Systemigrams to depict complex problem situations. Recommendations for improvement of designing these data visualizations to increase their field use resulted from this study. The final essay leverages a selection of the articles as use cases to produce a grounded theory study to identify phenomena that arose from the use of SSM for operations and firm strategy research. This study identified two broad themes including (i) scope, structure, and process challenges and (ii) performance and evaluation limitations. These themes were explained by six patterns that emerged from the publications. Each produced change recommendations for SSM process, practice, and reporting to support its continued viability and adoption in business and operations research.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur införandet av barnfridsbrott påverkade några yrkesgrupper som arbetar med barn som upplever våld i familjen, samt om arbetet förändrades efter tillägget i 4 kap. 3 § Brottsbalken. Syftet besvarades genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med socialsekreterare, barnutredare inom polisen samt en samordnare från barnahus. Studiens resultat visade att barnfridsbrott bar med sig ett fåtal förändringar vilka inte upplevdes särskilt omfattande. Därtill varierade förändringarna i dess omfattning mellan respektive yrkesgrupp. Det framkom även att det finns ett flertal hinder i samverkan och samarbetet mellan de olika yrkesgrupperna. I analysen framkom det att barnfridsbrott inte bidragit med omfattande förändringar i varken arbetet, eller för barn som upplever våld i familjen. Detta kan vara en följd av organisationers svårigheter att frångå en redan etablerad arbetsform, samt att samverkan tenderar att försvåras av yrkesgruppernas skilda arbetssätt och målsättningar. / In July 2021 the Swedish legal system introduced a new penal provision called barnfridsbrott which can be found in Chapter 4 of the Swedish Penal Code. The new provision stipulates that a family member or any other close relative exposing children to acts of violence, shall be held responsible in the court of law. The aim of this study was to examine how the new provision had affected the professional work with children who has experienced violence between family members or other close relatives. The study included interviews with different professionals such as social workers, children’s investigators from the police and a coordinator from the Swedish welfare agency barnahus. The results showed that the new provision only had resulted in minor changes which also varied between the professionals. Furthermore, the professionals discussed a number of obstacles that hindered effective co–ordination between them. This essay intended to study these results.

Enligt den svenska socialtjänstlagen ska allt klientarbete som utförs vara av hög kvalitet (SFS 2001:453). Socialt arbete beskrivs som känslomässigt krävande och därför framställs handledning som ett viktigt stöd för socialarbetare i deras yrkesroll. Syftet med denna studie var att belysa socialsekreterares erfarenheter av extern och intern handledning inom Socialtjänsten. Metoden som valdes för denna studie var kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex olika yrkesversamma socialsekreterare inom ekonomiskt bistånd i Södra Sverige. Vid analysen av våra resultat tillämpade vi systemteorin baserat på Parrish, Öquist, Pettit och Olsons sammhälsvetenskapliga tillämpning av teorin. Detta för att ilustrera förhållandet mellan handledning och den kunskap som det ger socialsekreteraren samt arbetsmiljön som en cirkulär process. Denna studie fann att socialsekreterare upplever handledning som något positivt. Intern handledning hjälper dem att utföra sina arbetsuppgifter, medan extern handledning hjälper dem på ett emotionellt plan. Dessutom framhäver de socialsekreterare som deltar i denna studie erfarenheter av otillräcklig handledning. Otillräcklig handledning kan uppstå när handledaren saknar kompetens, när tid inte avsätts för handledning eller när den tillhandahållna informationen inte är anvädbar i deras arbete. Detta resulterar i att handledning istället blir en källa till stress. Denna studie har därför försökt lyfta fram vikten av handledning för professonell kompentens samt handledningens betydelse i relation till socialsekreterares funktionalitet på arbetsplatsen. Om handledning utförs på rätt sätt blir det en tillgång för socialsekreterarens yrke. / According to the Swedish social services act, all client work performed should be of high quaitly (SFS 2001:453). Social work is stated as emotinally demanding therefore supervision i described as an essential aid for social workers in their professional role. The aim of this study was therefore to highlight social workers experiences of external and internal supervision within social services. The method chosen for this study was qualitative semistructured interviews with six different professional social workers within economic support int the southern region of Sweden. In analysing our results, we applied the system theory based on Parrish, Öquist, Pettit and Olson's societal application of the theory, to illustrate the relationship between supervision and the knowledge it brings the socialworkers and the atmosphere as a circular process. This study found that social workers experience supervision as something positive. Internal supervision helps them in carrying out their tasks, while external supervision helps them in an emotional sense. Furthermore, the social workers participating in this study highlight experiences regarding inadequate supervision. Inadequate supervision may occur when the supervisor lacks competence, when time is not given for supervision or when the information provided is not useful in their work. This results in supervision becoming a source of stress. This study has therefore attempted to bring out the importance of supervision for professional competence. Also the significance of supervision in relation to social workers functionality in the workplace. I supervision is carried out correctly, it becomes an assest to the social workers profession.

In this article we establish a bridge between dynamical systems, including topological and measurable dynamical systems as well as continuous skew product flows and nonautonomous dynamical systems; and coalgebras in categories having all finite products. We introduce a straightforward unifying definition of abstract dynamical system on finite product categories. Furthermore, we prove that such systems are in a unique correspondence with monadic algebras whose signature functor takes products with the time space. We substantiate that the categories of topological spaces, metrisable and uniformisable spaces have exponential objects w.r.t. locally compact Hausdorff, σ-compact or arbitrary time spaces as exponents, respectively. Exploiting the adjunction between taking products and exponential objects, we demonstrate a one-to-one correspondence between monadic algebras (given by dynamical systems) for the left-adjoint functor and comonadic coalgebras for the other. This, finally, provides a new, alternative perspective on dynamical systems.:1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 Preliminaries and Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.1 Preliminaries related to topology and measure theory . . . . . . . . 4 2.2 Basic notions from category theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.3 Classical dynamical systems theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 3 Dynamical Systems in Abstract Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 3.1 Monoids and monoid actions in abstract categories . . . . . . . . . . 31 3.2 Abstract dynamical systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 3.3 Nonautonomous dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 4 Dynamical Systems as Algebras and Coalgebras . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 4.1 From monoids to monads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 4.2 From abstract dynamical systems to monadic algebras . . . . . . . 48 4.3 Connections to coalgebras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 4.4 Exponential objects in Top for locally compact Hausdorff spaces . . 52 4.5 (Co)Monadic (co)algebras and adjoint functors . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

In this dissertation, we focus on two fundamental problems related to the navigation of ground robots and small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAVs): cooperative localization and path planning. The theme running through in all of the work is the use of bearing only sensors, with a focus on monocular video cameras mounted on ground robots and UAVs. To begin with, we derive the conditions for the complete observability of the bearing-only cooperative localization problem. The key element of this analysis is the Relative Position Measurement Graph (RPMG). The nodes of an RPMG represent vehicle states and the edges represent bearing measurements between nodes. We show that graph theoretic properties like the connectivity and the existence of a path between two nodes can be used to explain the observability of the system. We obtain the maximum rank of the observability matrix without global information and derive conditions under which the maximum rank can be achieved. Furthermore, we show that for the complete observability, all of the nodes in the graph must have a path to at least two different landmarks of known location. The complete observability can also be obtained without landmarks if the RPMG is connected and at least one of the robots has a sensor which can measure its global pose, for example a GPS receiver. We validate these conditions by simulation and experimental results. The theoretical conditions to attain complete observability in a localization system is an important step towards reliable and efficient design of localization and path planning algorithms. With such conditions, a designer does not need to resort to exhaustive simulations and/or experimentation to verify whether a given selection of a control strategy, topology of the sensor network, and sensor measurements meets the observability requirements of the system. In turn, this leads to decreased requirements of time, cost, and effort for designing a localization algorithms. We use these observability conditions to develop a technique, for camera equipped UAVs, to cooperatively geo-localize a ground target in an urban terrain. We show that the bearing-only cooperative geo-localization technique overcomes the limitation of requiring a low-flying UAV to maintain line-of-sight while flying high enough to maintain GPS lock. We design a distributed path planning algorithm using receding horizon control that improves the localization accuracy of the target and of all of the UAVs while satisfying the observability conditions. Next, we use the observability analysis to explicitly design an active local path planning algorithm for UAVs. The algorithm minimizes the uncertainties in the time-to-collision (TTC) and bearing estimates while simultaneously avoiding obstacles. Using observability analysis we show that maximizing the observability and collision avoidance are complementary tasks. We provide sufficient conditions of the environment which maximizes the chances obstacle avoidance and UAV reaching the goal. Finally, we develop a reactive path planner for UAVs using sliding mode control such that it does not require range from the obstacle, and uses bearing to obstacle to avoid cylindrical obstacles and follow straight and curved walls. The reactive guidance strategy is fast, computationally inexpensive, and guarantees collision avoidance.

Barn enligt Barnkonventionen ska ges förutsättningar till att uttrycka sina åsikter i frågor som rör dem. Trots detta lyfts i tidigare forskning, samt av flertalet myndigheter, brister kring hur barn i praktiken görs delaktiga i barnavårdsutredningar. Syftet med studien är att undersöka socialsekreterares upplevelser och erfarenheter av hur de med stöd av arbetsmetoden Signs of Safety involverar barn i utredningar. Utifrån en kvalitativ ansats genomfördes sju semistrukturerade intervjuer med socialsekreterare i socialtjänsten som arbetar med barnavårdsutredningar utifrån Signs of Safety. Genom en tematisk analys framkom det att socialsekreterare kan identifiera en del hinder och svårigheter med delar av Signs of Safety men att de i hög grad anser att Signs of Safety stöttar dem till att involvera barn i utredningar. / According to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, children shall be provided the opportunity to express their views in all matters that affect them. Despite this, research and several public authorities highlight several shortcomings concerning the participation of children in child welfare practice. The purpose of the study is to investigate social workers' experiences with involving children when using the Signs of Safety working method. The study is based on a qualitative approach and seven semi-structured interviews with social workers in social services who work with child welfare assessments based on Signs of Safety. A thematic analysis indicated that social workers could identify some obstacles and difficulties with parts of Signs of Safety. However, they largely believe that Signs of Safety supports them to involve children.

The purpose of the study was to examine how different welfare actors perceive and work with child poverty in Söderhamn. Through a qualitative approach, empirical data was collected from semi-structured interviews with social workers and representatives from voluntary organizations. The empirical data was analyzed through thematic analysis. The theoretical starting points of the study were system theory and theories on social exclusion. The results showed that child poverty is expressed in Söderhamn on individual, group and society level, the children are socio-economically, physically and mentally affected. All informants agreed that there are both structural and local causes of child poverty in Söderhamn: closures of large companies, few jobs, migration of refugees and lack of integration. The challenges of child poverty in Söderhamn were comprehended employment, integration and lack of collaboration with other welfare actors. The opportunities highlighted were free time activities and employment for the parants.

Arbetet syftade till att finna en passande modell för Moraberg AB:s beställningsrutiner för två färskvaror av anledning att optimera lagernivåer och minska matsvinn. Då efterfrågan hos Moraberg AB var okänd togs en modell fram för att prediktera och undersöka ifall det fanns ett linjärt samband mellan ett par parametrar och efterfrågan. Parametrarna som undersöktes var veckodag, temperatur, nederbörd och antal smittade personer i Covid-­19. Modellen baserades på historisk försäljningsdata för åren 2018– 2020. Två efterfrågemodeller togs fram, den första modellen innehöll alla nämnda parametrar förutom antal smittade personer i Covid­-19 och den andra modellen innehöll alla parametrar. Resultatet visade att temperatur, nederbörd och antal smittade personer i Covid­-19 har ett svagt beroende med efterfrågan hos företaget men parametern veckodag visade ett högt beroende med efterfrågan. Analys av modellerna visade att det inte existerade multikollinearitet samt att de inte bröt de fem antagandena om regression. Vidare visade resultatet att modell 2 presterade bättre än modell 1. Lageroptimeringsmodellen som var lämpligast för Moraberg AB, med avseende på de resurser och begräsningar som fanns inom ramen av detta arbete, var den deterministiska periodiska inspektions modellen som kan lösas med dynamisk programmering. Ett numeriskt exempel genomfördes på den valda lageroptimeringsmodellen med hjälp av modell 2. Det numeriska exemplet baserades på prognoser från vecka 17 år 2021. / This thesis aimed to find a suitable inventory model for Moraberg AB’s ordering routines to optimize inventory levels and reduce food waste for two perishable products. As the demand at Moraberg AB was unknown, a regression model was developed to predict and investigate whether there was a linear relationship between a few parameters and the demand. The parameters examined were weekday, temperature, precipitation, and number of infected people in Covid­19. The model was based on historical sales data for the years 2018–2020. Two demand models were developed, the first model contained all the mentioned parameters except the number of people infected in Covid-­19 and the second model contained all parameters.  The results showed that temperature, precipitation, and number of people infected in Covid­-19 have a weak dependence with the demand, however the parameter weekday showed a dependence with the demand. Analysis of the two models did not show any signs of multicollinearity and they did not violate the five assumptions regarding regression. Furthermore, the results showed that model 2 performed better than model 1.  The inventory model that was most suitable for Moraberg AB, regarding the resources and limitations that existed within the framework of this thesis, was the deterministic periodic ­review model that could be solved by dynamic programming. A numerical example was solved using the suitable inventory model and with the second demand model. The numerical example was based on forecasts from week 17 year 2021.