General water rights adjudications are now taking place in Arizona. The Gila River and Little Colorado River adjudications are among the largest court proceedings ever undertaken in the United States, involving more than 78,000 water rights claims scattered over 50,000,000 acres of land. The cost of individually proving such a number of individual claims in a formal trial setting would be enormous — often greater than the water's economic worth. Also, the time required to complete such a proceeding would take decades. Consequently, alternative procedures are needed to streamline the investigations and forestall a potentially serious water resource management problem. There are an estimated 22,800 stockwatering ponds (stockponds or stocktanks) in the Gila River Basin alone, and each potentially could be tried as an individual case. If small claims such as those for stockwatering could be considered de minimis in their impact on other higher priority uses, they might be adjudicated as one class of use, thereby fore-stalling a case-by-case trial of each individual water right claim. However, a major obstacle in granting special treatment to small claims lies in demonstrating to litigants that certain small water uses do not, in fact, have a discernible impact on other downstream water right holders. This study was undertaken to quantify the actual losses to a river system from stockwatering ponds, and to compare those losses to other naturally occurring impacts on the hydrologic system. Employing a watershed model, portions of the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed at Tombstone, Arizona, an area located within the San Pedro watershed, were analyzed. Storm runoff was simulated with and without the presence of stockponds. Different storm events and storage conditions were modeled in order to measure the impact of stockpond storage under a wide range of field circumstances. This study demonstrated that the hydrologic effects of stockwatering ponds are de minimis with respect to their impact on other water users many tens or hundreds of miles downstream on the river system. Stockpond numbers, capacities, volume/surface area relationships, quantification methods, and effective retention are also evaluated. Statutes in other states are reviewed for their approach to handling stockwatering uses.

Sludge accumulation, treatment and disposal can represent a high percentage of the operating cost for a wastewater system. This is especially important for small-scale and onsite wastewater treatment systems, where sludge removal can be one of the few operating costs of the system. In 2000, as a result of a large number of septic system failures, the community of Wardsville installed a Clearford Industries Inc. Small Bore Sewer™ (SBS™) system which included two-chamber 3600 L tanks located on the properties of individual homes. The tanks were collectively attached to a small bore piping system to deliver the effluent from the tanks to a small community wastewater treatment system. During the summer of 2007, a field study was initiated with a community survey, followed by a review of candidate sites, leading to the selection of 29 sites for site investigation and sampling. Sampling involved the collection of samples for sludge characterization along with the measurements of the height of solids (scum and sludge) within the tank. The data were analyzed to determine the factors having a statistically significant impact on solids accumulation rates within each of the two chambers of the tank. Household water usage was found to be the variable having the strongest association with sludge and scum accumulation, and models were estimated relating solids accumulation to water usage in order predict pump out frequency. A second field sampling program was conducted in Wardsville during April 2008, involving only the first chamber of 13 primary clarifier tanks. Overall contributions have been made in understanding and quantifying solids accumulation rates and sludge characterization in onsite primary clarifier tanks. As well, the information gained from the analysis of the data collected provides a meaningful insight into the factors influencing solids accumulation within individual residential primary clarifier tanks, and points to future research directions for understanding the factors influencing solids accumulation. / Thesis (Master, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2009-04-25 15:34:46.243

Sludge accumulation, treatment and disposal can represent a high percentage of the operating cost for a wastewater system. This is especially important for small-scale and onsite wastewater treatment systems, where sludge removal can be one of the few operating costs of the system. In 2000, as a result of a large number of septic system failures, the community of Wardsville installed a Clearford Industries Inc. Small Bore Sewer™ (SBS™) system which included two-chamber 3600 L tanks located on the properties of individual homes. The tanks were collectively attached to a small bore piping system to deliver the effluent from the tanks to a small community wastewater treatment system. During the summer of 2007, a field study was initiated with a community survey, followed by a review of candidate sites, leading to the selection of 29 sites for site investigation and sampling. Sampling involved the collection of samples for sludge characterization along with the measurements of the height of solids (scum and sludge) within the tank. The data were analyzed to determine the factors having a statistically significant impact on solids accumulation rates within each of the two chambers of the tank. Household water usage was found to be the variable having the strongest association with sludge and scum accumulation, and models were estimated relating solids accumulation to water usage in order predict pump out frequency. A second field sampling program was conducted in Wardsville during April 2008, involving only the first chamber of 13 primary clarifier tanks. Overall contributions have been made in understanding and quantifying solids accumulation rates and sludge characterization in onsite primary clarifier tanks. As well, the information gained from the analysis of the data collected provides a meaningful insight into the factors influencing solids accumulation within individual residential primary clarifier tanks, and points to future research directions for understanding the factors influencing solids accumulation. / Thesis (Master, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2009-04-25 15:34:46.243

Šiame darbe analizuojama šarvuočių rinktinės istorija, Lietuvos Respublikos kariuomenėje. Prasidėjus Lietuvos nepriklausomybės kovoms buvo ieškoma būdų šarvuočiams įsigyti. Tačiau pirmieji šarvuočiai Lietuvos kariuomenę pasiekė karo grobio pavidalu. Tai buvo šarvuoti automobiliai 1919 m. atimti iš vokiečių bei rusų kariuomenių. 1920 m. buvo suformuotas pirmasis šarvuotas traukinys. Taigi 1920 m. nepriklausomybės kovose dalyvavo Lietuvos kariuomenės šarvuotoji technika. 1924 m. Lietuvos kariuomenė iš Prancūzijos nupirko 12 „Renualt FT17“ tipo lengvųjų tankų, kurie kartu su jau minėtais šarvuočiais tais pačiais metais buvo performuoti į vientisą karinį dalinį – šarvuočių rinktinę. Kadangi toks dalinys Lietuvos kariuomenėje buvo specifiškas, todėl dalinio egzistavimui kariuomenė negalėjo greitai pasiruošti ir suteikti tinkamų sąlygų rinktinės gyvavimui. Atsirado įvairių problemų įtakojusių šio dalinio būklę Lietuvos kariuomenėje. Problemų padaugėjo ir dėl dislokacinių šio dalinio ypatybių. Šarvuočiai buvo dislokuoti įvairiose Lietuvos regionuose: Kaune, Klaipėdoje, Tauragėje, Radviliškyje ir Šiauliuose. Prasidėjus kariuomenės modernizacijos procesui, pagausėjo šarvuočių dalinys. 1934 – 1936 m. iš Anglijos buvo nupirktos 32 tanketės „Vicker Carden Loyd“, kurios nuo to laiko sudarė didžiausią šarvuočių dalinio potencialą. Šarvuotojo dalinio padėtis Lietuvos kariuomenėje pagerėjo tik 1937 m. kuomet naujoje dislokacijos vietoje Radviliškyje buvo pastatytos naujos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This study analyzes the history of armored vehicles, in the Army of the Republic of Lithuania. During the fighting of Lithuanian independence, Lithuanians were looking for ways to buy armored vehicles. However, the first armored vechiles Lithuania reached as a spoils of war. It was the armored cars that during the fighting in 1919 yr. been taken from German and Russian armies. In 1920 yr. was formed the first armored train in Lithuania. So, Lithuanian army armored vehicles took part in 1920s. Lithuania's struggle for independence. In 1924. Lithuanian army from France bought 12 “RENUALT FT17”-type light tanks, which together with the aforementioned armored vehicles in the same year was reformed into a single military unit. Because such military unit in Lithuanian army was specific, therefore army can not quickly prepare and provide suitable conditions for this type of weapon. Therefore, appeared a variety of problems influencing relatively poor condition of armored vechiles in the Lithuanian army. The problems increase and the dislocation of this unit features. Armored vehicles have been deployed in different regions of Lithuania: Kaunas, Klaipeda (Klaipėda), Taurage (Tauragė), Radviliskis (Radviliškis) and Siauliai (Šiauliai). At the start of the military modernization process in Lithuania, the number of armored unit increased. 1934 - 1936 yr. from England was bought 32 light tank "Vickery Carden Loyd”, which from that time was the largest armored unit potential in... [to full text]

In 2001, the Quebec Ministry of Environment modified its waste management regulation and obliged dairy farms to treat their milk house wastewaters to prevent contamination of water courses. For small dairy farms with fewer than 60 cows, conventional technologies implied an investment of at least $15 000 to comply with the new regulation. / The objective of this master's project was therefore to develop a low cost and sustainable technology for the treatment and disposal of milk house wastewaters that would permit on-farm recycling of nutrients and water. With the help of the research results of Urgel Delisle and Ass., the new system was done by modifying existing septic tank systems on two dairy farms with 40-50 cows by installing a sediment and milk fat trap before the septic tank, and building a drained 0.45ha seepage field in a pasture or cropped field, after the septic tank. / The modified septic tank system on each farm was monitored during a three year period, which involved checking the system for clogging by digging out sections of sewer pipes after two years of operation; measuring and sampling milk house wastewaters to establish the annual nutrient load, and comparing the water quality in drainage from the seepage field to that of a nearby control field. / The milk house wastewaters produced by the farms led to an average nutrient load of 60kg TN/ha/y, 50kg TP/ha/y and 80 kg TK/ha/y. The average volume of wastewater applied to the seepage field, between 16 and 19mm/month, did not saturate the soil as no sign of gleying (reduction of iron oxides) was observed when excavating the sewer pipes. In general, soil pH decreased when milk house wastewater entered the seepage field, while the NH4-N, K and Ca concentrations increased. However, soil salinity was low (<4 dS m -1) on these farms. The soil P concentration was unchanged on one farm, but there was rapid and significant accumulation of P in the 20-60 cm depth of the soil profile on the second farm. The accumulation of milk fat inside the sewer pipes on one farm resulted from the disposal of wasted milk into the septic system, the absence of a water softener and the fact that this fat was not regularly removed from the trap. The milk fat was then flowed into the septic tank harming the correct operation of the system. Drainage water quality was similar from the seepage field of the modified septic tank system as an adjacent control field. / The low cost of system modification, about $4 400 Can., and the treatment efficiency achieved meant that the concept is feasible and offers a suitable solution for small dairy farms.

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This thesis examines the growing debate around the concept of social capital. The concept has been heralded by many as a means of uniting the social sciences, particularly economics and sociology, and of overcoming ideological divisions between left and right. However, critics argue that the concept is poorly theorised and provides little insight. More radical critics have claimed the concept may be a neo-liberal ‘Trojan horse’, a mechanism by which the atomistic thinking of neoclassical economics colonises social theory. I examine these more radical claims by exploring the origins of the concept of social capital within rational choice economics. I argue that we should differentiate between two types of potential colonisation. The first is a form of methodological colonisation, whereby overly abstract, reductionist and rationalist approaches (which I term modernist) are extended into social theory. The second is a form of ideological colonisation, whereby a normative commitment to individualism and the market is extended into social theory. I argue that the concept of social capital has been the product of a trend within rational choice economics away from the extremes of modernism. In this sense the concept represents an attempt to bring economics and social theory closer together, and a willingness on the part of rational choice theorists to take more seriously the techniques and insights of the other social sciences. However, I argue that this trend away from modernism has often been associated with a reaffirmation of rational choice theorists’ normative commitment to individualism and the market. In particular, I argue the concept of social capital has been strongly influenced by elements of the Austrian economic tradition, and forms part of a spontaneous order explanation of economic and social systems. I then apply these insights to the Australian social capital debate. I argue that initially the Australian social capital debate continued an earlier debate over economic rationalism and the merits of market-orientated economic reform. I argue that participants from both sides of the economic rationalism debate used the concept of social capital to move away from modernism, but continued to disagree over the role of individualism. Finally, I argue that confusion between moving away from modernism, and moving away from market ideology, has led some Third Way theorists to misconstrue the concept as a means to overcome ideology.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 140-146).

Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία, στόχος είναι η μελέτη του προβλήματος αποσύζευξης τόσο σαν γενική προσέγγιση για την αποσύζευξη εισόδων-εξόδων και διαταραχών, όσο και η εφαρμογή των μεθόδων αποσύζευξης στο σύστημα των τριών διασυνδεδεμένων δεξαμενών. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, χωρίζουμε τη διπλωματική σε τρία κεφάλαια. Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο, παρουσιάζουμε το μοντέλο των τριών διασυνδεδεμένων δεξαμενών που υπάρχουν στο χώρο του εργαστηρίου και συνδέουμε τη φυσική διάταξη με την ύπαρξη του προβλήματος της σύζευξης στο σύστημα που μελετάμε. Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο, μελετάμε τις μεθόδους αποσύζευξης που παρουσιάζονται σε συγκεκριμένα άρθρα που αφορούν τα μη γραμμικά συστήματα και τις σχέσεις εισόδου-εξόδου και αποσύζευξης διαταραχών. Τέλος, στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο, με βάση τα αποτελέσματα που έχουμε αποκομίσει από το δεύτερο κεφάλαιο, εφαρμόζουμε μεθόδους αποσύζευξης εισόδου-εξόδου για το σύστημά των τριών διασυνδεδεμένων δεξαμενών και βγάζουμε τα συμπεράσματά μας για το αν εφαρμόζεται η κάθε μέθοδος και τι αποτελέσματα θα μας επιφέρει. / -

Silos metálicos para armazenagem de diferentes tipos de produto são muito empregados no Brasil, isso faz com que compreender melhor o funcionamento deste tipo de sistemas estrutural possa levar a soluções mais inteligentes e econômicas. Com esse intuito no presente trabalho estudam-se as colunas de sustentação de um tipo de silo metálico para armazenagem de ração animal. Neste estudo as colunas foram analisadas seguindo as determinações da norma brasileira de dimensionamento de perfis conformados a frio e com modelos numéricos de diferentes níveis de complexidade. Primeiramente se estudou o perfil conformado a frio utilizado nas colunas dos silos através do método das faixas finitas e obtiveram-se as forças axiais de flambagem local e distorcional elástica. Estes valores foram utilizados no método da resistência direta para obtenção dos índices de esbeltez associados a estes modos de flambagem. Foram definidas as forças axiais de colapso, seguindo as metodologias da norma ABNT NBR 14762:2010 (método das larguras efetivas, seção efetiva e resistência direta) para diversos comprimentos do perfil. Foi desenvolvido um modelo numérico para cálculo via método dos elementos finitos, considerando não linearidades materiais e geométricas e imperfeições geométricas iniciais. Os resultados obtidos através deste modelo numérico foram comparados com os obtidos através da norma ABNT NBR 14762:2010. Após ajuste do modelo numérico se realizou um estudo paramétrico para conhecer a influência da rigidez de fixação, entre a coluna de sustentação e o corpo silo, na força de colapso do perfil. São aplicadas diversas condições de contorno com o objetivo de aproximar o modelo numérico das condições reais de fixação da coluna. Finalmente os resultados obtidos são utilizados para determinar a relação entre a força resistente do perfil e a força solicitante na coluna do silo segundo as condições usuais de segurança referentes aos estados-limites últimos determinados pela ABNT NBR 14762:2010. / Tubular steel silos for storage of different product types are widely used in Brazil. The knowledge of these structural systems can result to smarter and economic solutions. In this work is studied the structural columns of some bulk feed tanks with the national standard design code and numeric models with several complexity level. First were studied the cold-formed steel member used in the silo’s columns with the finite strip methods, and were obtained the elastic local/distorcional buckling axial forces. These values were used with the Direct Strength Method to find out slenderness ratios associated with these modes of buckling. The axial collapse forces were defined following the conception of standard ABNT NBR 14762:2010(using the methods of effective width, effective section and direct resistance) for several members’ lengths. A numeric model was development to calculate with finite elements method, considering materials and geometrics nonlinearities with initial geometric imperfections. The results obtained by this numeric model were compared with those obtained by the standard ABNT NBR 14762:2010. After the numeric model adjust, a parametric study was made to know the influences of the connection stiffness between the column and the silo’s cylindrical wall, in the member’s allowable axial strength. Several boundary conditions were applied with the main purpose to approximate the numeric model with the actual columns' end conditions. Finally the obtained results were used to determine the ration between the axial allowable strength and the required load on the silo’s columns by the usual safety conditions using the ultimate limit state determined by the ABNT NBR 14762:2010.

169 f. / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2012-12-17T20:44:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 5757575757.pdf: 2911611 bytes, checksum: c8e2a74e66ebbe487551d547a0a46a12 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-12-17T20:44:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5757575757.pdf: 2911611 bytes, checksum: c8e2a74e66ebbe487551d547a0a46a12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / A temática da segurança tem ganhado cada vez mais importância no cenário global diante dos crescentes desafios abarcados pelas transformações econômicas, políticas, ambientais, humanitárias e culturais contemporâneas. Estes desafios contribuíram para alimentar o debate em torno de uma concepção mais ampla de segurança internacional, tensionando perspectivas mais tradicionais das relações internacionais juntamente com novas abordagens que priorizam os indivíduos como centro da análise e ampliam os estudos de segurança para áreas até então desconsideradas pelo viés mais estrutural e geopolítico. Paralelo a essa tensão, encontram-se os Estados Unidos e seu posicionamento na ordem internacional pós-1989, que apresentou e apresenta, por meio de sua estratégia de segurança nacional, uma política externa que tem fortes impactos no cenário internacional, destacando a contínua relevância deste país para o mundo em constante transformação. De modo a colocar essas diversas questões em diálogo, tanto no que diz respeito às muitas dimensões da segurança internacional como a posição dos Estados Unidos para uma arquitetura mundial (tendo em mente que sua posição é efeito de um aparato complexo que envolve não somente os EUA, mas sua interação com os demais atores no cenário global), este trabalho resgata a concepção foucaultiana de governamentalidade, extrapolando este conceito para a esfera internacional através das análises das relações entre saber/poder e discurso. A governamentalidade é definida por Michel Foucault como o “conjunto constituído pelas instituições, procedimentos, análises e reflexões, cálculos e táticas que permitem exercer esta forma bastante específica e complexa de poder, que tem por alvo a população, por forma principal de saber a economia política e por instrumentos técnicos essenciais os dispositivos de segurança”, tendo como fundamento de sua existência um regime de verdade que consiste basicamente no livre mercado. A ideia de governamentalidade da ordem internacional consiste essencialmente na percepção de que o regime de verdade em torno dos mercados aponta para uma série de práticas organizadas, as quais podem ser provenientes da ação de um ou mais atores internacionais, individualmente ou em conjunto, tendo como objeto de atuação as populações e repercutindo internacionalmente. Os Estados Unidos se encontram no cerne da discussão uma vez que suas estratégias de segurança internacional refletem uma razão de Estado que tem no regime liberal sua premissa maior, constituindo dispositivos de segurança em defesa de uma ordem internacional liberal. Esta relação não é construída unicamente pelo governo norte-americano, mas conta com o suporte de importantes atores de política externa nos Estados Unidos, as think tanks, organizações de pesquisa e advocacy promotoras e propagadoras de ideias. Estas possuem um importante papel na governamentalidade da ordem internacional não apenas pela influência que exercem junto ao governo na formulação de estratégias políticas e à opinião pública norte-americana, mas também porque compartilham do regime de verdade defendido pelo Estado norte-americano. Este trabalho traz o exemplo de três importantes think tanks norte-americanas (The Brookings Institution, Council on Foreign Relations e American Enterprise Institute) a fim de mostrar o papel que elas desempenharam na governamentalidade da ordem internacional pós-1989, tendo como foco o próprio campo da segurança internacional. / Salvador