Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are a leading cause of death worldwide. Previous research supports a relationship between vitamin D and TBI outcomes; however, they rely on animal studies. This review aimed to examine the neuroprotective role of vitamin D in humans with TBIs. A search was completed (PubMed and Scopus) following PRISMA guidelines to review publications investigating the relationship between vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and TBI or the effect of vitamin D supplementation on TBI outcomes; 8 studies were identified. Patients had thefollowing ranges: 26-88% deficiency and 62-88% insufficiency compared to 24% and 49% of the general population. Supplementation reduced ventilation duration, improved the quality of consciousness, and significantly improved mini-mental status examination scores. Research showed high percentages VDD/insufficiency in TBI patients. Results remain consistent suggesting a neuroprotective effect of vitamin D. Further research is needed to understand the effect of vitamin D status and supplementation on TBIs.

Yes / Klüver-Bucy syndrome (KBS) is a rare clinical presentation following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Symptoms include visual agnosia, placidity, hyperorality, sexual hyperactivity, changes in dietary behavior, and hypermetamorphosis. The purpose of this article was to identify and synthesize the available evidence from case reports and case series on the treatment profile of KBS among adolescents and adults after TBI. Four bibliographic databases (MEDLINE OVID, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and SCOPUS) were searched for relevant literature. No date or language restrictions were applied. All case reports containing original data on KBS following TBI among adolescents and adults were included. Articles were evaluated, and data were extracted according to predefined criteria. The literature search identified 24 case reports of KBS post-TBI published between 1968 and 2017. Most case subjects were male (70.1%), and the mean age at injury was 25.1 years (range, 13–67 years). Injury to one or both temporal lobes occurred in most cases. Inappropriate sexual hyperactivity was the most common KBS symptom, followed by a change in dietary behavior and hyperorality. Visual agnosia was the least reported. In 50% of cases, the patient fully recovered from KBS. One-half of all participants described pharmacological management; the most common medication prescribed was carbamazepine. Overall, there was a lack of data available on pharmacotherapy initiation and duration. The complex presentation of KBS presents challenges in terms of treatment options. Although overall individuals who were prescribed carbamazepine had positive outcomes, given the reliance on case reports, it is difficult to make a definitive recommendation to guide clinical practice. / Institute for Safety, Compensation and Recovery Research, Monash University, Bionomics,Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, Novartis, Servier

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This autoethnography explores the phenomenon of marriage after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Capturing as its data, through a series of audio-recorded conversations and journal entries, the first-hand, co-constructed experiences of a married couple, it provides an ‘insider’ and as such, intimate perspective on life together following such an unexpected, disruptive and life-altering event. Situated within ‘a systemic constructionist’ epistemology, it spotlights, in particular, the relational aspects of the post-TBI marriage unfolding over time, rather than just the individual perspectives of each spouse at a single point in time - as most existing studies on the topic do. As a qualitative study, it made allowance for the collection and use of rich, nuanced data so as to do some justice to the complex nature of the topic being studied. David Reiss’ explanatory theory on ‘crisis and the development of the family paradigm’ was applied deductively during the carrying out of a thematic analysis of the data, with the intention of bringing new insights to the understanding of the phenomenon of the post-TBI marriage. Data were also analysed inductively, in that themes emerging from the data itself were also used. A discussion based on the findings of the data analysis was proffered. Based on these findings, recommendations on what issues therapists working from within a family-systems orientation might focus their attention on were made. A recommendation for TBI couples to receive support from early intervention and follow-up services was also made, along with identifying the consequent need for research first to be done on developing and implementing such a service / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

This autoethnography explores the phenomenon of marriage after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Capturing as its data, through a series of audio-recorded conversations and journal entries, the first-hand, co-constructed experiences of a married couple, it provides an ‘insider’ and as such, intimate perspective on life together following such an unexpected, disruptive and life-altering event. Situated within ‘a systemic constructionist’ epistemology, it spotlights, in particular, the relational aspects of the post-TBI marriage unfolding over time, rather than just the individual perspectives of each spouse at a single point in time - as most existing studies on the topic do. As a qualitative study, it made allowance for the collection and use of rich, nuanced data so as to do some justice to the complex nature of the topic being studied. David Reiss’ explanatory theory on ‘crisis and the development of the family paradigm’ was applied deductively during the carrying out of a thematic analysis of the data, with the intention of bringing new insights to the understanding of the phenomenon of the post-TBI marriage. Data were also analysed inductively, in that themes emerging from the data itself were also used. A discussion based on the findings of the data analysis was proffered. Based on these findings, recommendations on what issues therapists working from within a family-systems orientation might focus their attention on were made. A recommendation for TBI couples to receive support from early intervention and follow-up services was also made, along with identifying the consequent need for research first to be done on developing and implementing such a service / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

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Rapporten innehåller analysen av 26 olika situationer inom ishockey. Situationerna är hårda tacklingar från olika matchar och ligor. Analyserade tacklingar resulterade INTE i hjärnskakning, likadana situationer kan ge upphov till hjärnskakning. Målet med projektet är bland annat skapa en kontrollgrupp för studierna i hjärnskakning inom ishockey. Tidigare studier utfördes för situationer som resulterar i hjärnskakningar. Rapporten pekar kort på huvudet och nackens anatomi d.v.s. skalp, hjärnan och skallben. Begreppet hjärnskakning med dess symptom förklarades också. I valda video sekvenserna analyserades huvudets kinematik och kollisionssekvenser mellan huvud och den andra parten som kan vara en annans axel, huvud, arm eller is eller glasvägg(plexiglas). Resultatet ska komma överens med tidigare gjorda arbete. / The report includes analysis of 15 different situations in Ice-hockey. The situations are hard tackles from different matches and leagues. The analyzed tackles did Not resulted to concussion, but similar situations can be concussions. The goal of the project includes creating a control group for the studies of concussions in ice-hockey. Previous or parallel studies have been down to situations that result to concussions. The report indicates short to head and neck anatomy that is scalp, brain and skull. The concept of concussion with its symptoms explained in this report. The selected video sequences were analyzed head kinematics and collision sequences between the head and the other part that may be another person's shoulder, head, arm or ice or glass wall. When the video sequences were analyzed attempted to controll the head speed, head acceleration and the tackles angle. The results should agree with previous works.

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