為提升台灣資本市場之競爭力與國際化，我國行政院院會於民國97年3月通過「推動海外企業來台掛牌一二三計畫」，正式宣告開放外國企業來台上市。海外企業於我國第二上市發行台灣存託憑證（Taiwan Depositary Receipt，TDR），甫開放之初，市場反應熱烈，引發股市一陣TDR追價效應，有TDR蜜月期之戲稱。然而，資訊不透明、資訊揭露不對等之問題漸漸浮現，以及隨後發生香港僑威原股停止交易兩天，但僑威TDR仍在台繼續摸黑交易、日本爾必達聲請破產保護，爾必達TDR股價連續跌停板並下市等，種種情形影響市場信心、造成投資人卻步，今年更有萬宇科技TDR及超級咖啡TDR在外流通單位數過少，因流動性不足而下市之情形，顯示TDR之制度監理仍有需要改善的空間。 本文首先介紹臺灣存託憑證之發行組織架構與近期發行現況，並就紐約證券交易所、香港交易所以及新加坡交易所對於其境內存託憑證之事前審核、上市條件、事中監理至事後投資人保護措施之制度與我國制度分析比較，並提出我國制度可參考改善之建議。 目前雖然TDR市場進入冰封期，然而臺灣資本市場仍具TDR發展之利基，為提升臺灣之全球金融證券市場地位，主管機關應全面檢討TDR市場與制度，以利外資企業來臺發展TDR市場。同時，主管機關於推動臺灣證券市場國際化之時，亦應同時兼顧我國投資人之權益保障面向，尋求二者間之平衡點，使臺灣資本市場適應國際化之商品及交易，與國際資本市場接軌。 / To advance the competitiveness and internationalization of Taiwan’s capital market, in march 2008, the Executive Yuan passed the plan for promoting foreign companies to list in Taiwan, and announced officially that welcome the foreign companies to issue TDR. At first, TDR was highly thought of by the investors, however, the TDR’s problem comes up, such as the intransparency of information and information asymmetry. The situation led investors hang back. Obviously the regulation of TDR needs to be improved. This thesis introduced the structure of issuing TDR and recent developments, and analyzed the regulation of NYSE, HKEx and SGX to provide suggestions for Taiwan’s capital market. At the present time, the market for TDR is not lively, but there are still advantages of our capital market, the authorities should modify the regulation of TDR to attract foreign companies, meanwhile, to take both internationalization of capital market and investor protection into consideration, so that allow Taiwan’s capital market in connection with international capital market.

The area of powertrain dynamics has received considerable attention over a number of years. The recent introduction of more stringent emission requirements together with economic pressure has led to a particular focus on increasing powertrain efficiency. This has seen the incorporation of on-board, real-time measurements to predict system behaviour and engine condition. In this domain, accurate models for all powertrain components are important. One strategy to improve accuracy is to evaluate the assumptions made when deriving each model and then to address the simplifications that may introduce large errors. To this end, the aim of the work presented in this dissertation was to investigate the consequences of some of the more common assumptions and simplifications made in low frequency torsional powertrain models, and to propose improved models where appropriate. In particular, the effects of piston-tocylinder friction, crank/gudgeon pin offset, and the torsional behaviour of tyres were studied. Frequency and time domain models were used to investigate system behaviour and model predictions were compared with measurements on a small single cylinder engine. All time domain engine and powertrain models also include a variable inertia function for each reciprocating mechanism. It was found that piston-to-cylinder friction can increase the apparent inertia variation of a single reciprocating engine mechanism. This has implications for the nonlinear behaviour of engines and the drivetrains they are connected to. The effect of crank/gudgeon pin offset also modified the nonlinear behaviour of the mechanism. Though, for typical (small) gudgeon offset values these effects are small. However, for large offset values, achievable practically with crank offset, the modification to the nonlinear behaviour should not be ignored. The low frequency torsional damping properties of a small pneumatic tyre were found to be more accurately represented as hysteretic rather than viscous. Time domain modelling was then used to extend the results to a multi-cylinder engine powertrain and was achieved using the Time Domain Receptance (TDR) method. Various powertrain component TDRs were developed using Laplacians. Powertrain simulations showed that piston-to-cylinder friction can provide additional excitation to the system.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-21T13:45:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 7.pdf: 1105115 bytes, checksum: fe5180e8f2e04c10f744f723b58c7b95 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-05T22:38:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 7.pdf.txt: 142101 bytes, checksum: 1874a7bad804f5a04371681db5d8c8a1 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 7.pdf: 1105115 bytes, checksum: fe5180e8f2e04c10f744f723b58c7b95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos/Farmanguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. / A busca por técnicas de gestão que possibilitem um melhor aproveitamento da capacidade instalada de plantas produtivas é o desafio constante de todos os gestores. A utilização da Teoria das Restrições (TDR) como ferramenta de gestão no ambiente produtivo deste estudo possibilitou evidenciar o uso racional dos equipamentos do parque fabril a partir da identificação dos gargalos dos processos produtivos dos produtos mapeados. O dimensionamento dos pulmões de proteção da restrição e de espaço demonstrou como é possível manter o fluxo constante de produção sem a necessidade de elevados estoques em processo entre os centros de trabalho que compõem os sistemas produtivos. A análise da capacidade global do sistema pode evidenciar os centros de trabalho com restrição de capacidade frente à demanda posta. / The quest for management techniques that enable a better utilization of productive capacity of plants is the constant challenge for all managers. Using the Theory of Constraints (TOC) as a management tool in the production environment of this study highlight the possible rational use of the equipment of the industrial park from the identification of “bottlenecks” of the production processes of products mapped. The sizing of the lungs to protect the space restriction and demonstrated how you can keep a steady flow of production without the need for high in-process inventories between the work centers that compose the productive systems. The analysis of the overall capacity of the system can highlight the work centers capacity constraint put forward the demand.

O desenvolvimento econômico e o aumento da produtividade agrícola intensificaram o uso de produtos químicos nas lavouras. Quando se pretende quantificar o impacto ambiental de tal uso é necessário empregar modelos que descrevam o fluxo de água e solutos na região não saturada do solo. Para esse fim, um dos parâmetros mais eficazes é conhecer a retenção de água no solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver funções de pedotransferência (FPTs) que estimassem a partir de análise em redes neurais artificiais (RNAs) a retenção de água nos solos da microbacia hidrográfica do ribeirão Canchim, município de São Carlos, SP. Os atributos físicos, textura (argila, silte e areia), densidade e resistência à penetração dos solos: LVAd, LVe, LVdf e NVef, manejados com e sem cobertura vegetal e sob mata foram determinados com equipamentos não convencionais na Embrapa Instrumentação Agropecuária em São Carlos, SP. Esses parâmetros foram utilizados como variáveis de entrada nas duas redes neurais artificiais. Foram obtidas, ainda, as curvas de retenção de água no solo por meio da câmara de pressão de Richards e da tomografia computadorizada, além da porosidade total e da condutividade hidráulica não saturada. O analisador granulométrico de solos e o penetrômetro associado a TDR possibilitaram a obtenção de um grande número de dados. Os atributos físicos dos solos apresentaram grande variabilidade em função da constituição granulométrica e manejos adotados. As RNAs foram eficientes no desenvolvimento de FPTs capazes de estimar a retenção de água com base em propriedades básicas de solo obtidas em grande número. / Economic development and increasing agricultural productivity have intensified the use of chemical products in farming. The quantification environmental impact of these products requires the use of models that describe the flow of water and solutes in the unsaturated region of the soil. For this purpose, one of the most effective parameters belong to the water retention curve of the soil. The purpose of this work was to develop pedotransfer functions (PTFs) to estimate the retention of water by soils of the hydrographic microbasin of the Canchim river, in the municipality of São Carlos, state of São Paulo, Brazil, based on artificial neural networks (ANNs). The physical attributes, granulometry (clay, silt and sand), density and resistance to penetration of LVAd, LVe, LVdf and NVef soils, managed with and without vegetal cover and under forest, were determined using nonconventional equipment at Embrapa Instrumentação Agropecuária in São Carlos, SP. These parameters were used as input variables for two artificial neural networks. The soils\' water retention curves were also obtained using a Richards pressure chamber and computed tomography, as well as their total porosity and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. A soil granulometric analyzer and a penetrometer allied to TDR provided a large number of data. The soils\' physical attributes displayed a wide variability as a function of their granulometric constitution and adopted managements. The ANNs were effective in developing PTFs able to estimate the water retention based on the large number of basic soil properties.

Water in porous rocks (e.g. sandstone) plays a fundamental role in their disintegration. However, the places where water enters the sandstone rocks are somewhat overlooked. At two sites in the Český ráj region, I use Karsten tube to measure capillary water absorption (CWA) of natural sandstone exposures and, using TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) method, I study movement of water in a shallow zone of ruiniform sandstone landscape. The CWA differed up to four orders of magnitude at a distance of tens of meters, mostly depending on the type of the surface. The highest CWA was measured at highly weathered surfaces, the second most absorbent were less weathered surfaces covered with a biologically-initiated rock crust. The horizontal surfaces on the tops of the rock formations were even less absorbent, probably due to clogging by fine particles from soil. Surfaces covered with iron crust were the least absorbent. The differences between those surfaces are significant. After simulated infiltration, the maximum rate of the propagation of the wet front in the sandstone was from 5,5.10-6 do 1,9.10-4 m.s-1 measured by TDR. The water propagated at this rate only to a certain depth (the first tens of cm), but then the propagation stopped or slowed down rapidly. From a long-term measurement of volumetric...

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