published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

Since the investigation of wear particles from rail transport started in the late 1910s, the high mass concentrations of these particles have prompted concern among researchers interested in air quality. However, effective action has yet to be taken because relevant knowledge is still missing. This thesis provides knowledge of airborne wear particles originating from rail transport. Some aspects of their characteristic parameters, such as size, mass concentration, number concentration, and morphology, were investigated in the field and in laboratory tests. We also discuss means to mitigate non-exhaust emissions, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of various test set-ups in the seven appended journal papers:Paper A reviews recent studies of exhaust and non-exhaust emissions from rail vehicles. The results, measurements, adverse health effects, and proposed or applied solutions presented in this literature are summarized in this paper.Paper B summarizes the results of field tests we conducted. The effects of curve negotiation and braking under different real conditions were investigated in a field test in which on-board measurements were made. The elemental composition and morphology of the particles emitted and their potential sources were also investigated.Paper C describes how a pin-on-disc machine can be used to reproduce real operating conditions during mechanical train braking in a controlled laboratory setting. The results were validated by comparing the field test results with the results of laboratory studies.Paper D presents comprehensive results of laboratory studies of airborne particles from different braking materials. A new index is introduced in this paper, which can be used as a quantitative metric for assessing airborne wear particle emission rates.Paper E describes the effects of using various friction modifiers and lubricants on the characteristics of airborne particles from wheel–rail contact under lubricated and unlubricated conditions.Paper F reports work to simulate thermoelastic instability in the cast-iron braking material. We simulated the fluctuation of the flash temperature by considering the temperature dependency of the material properties and the transformation of the contact state due to thermomechanical phenomena and wear.Paper G reviews new full- and sub-scale measurements of non-exhaust emissions from ground transport. The advantages and disadvantages of on-board measurements, pin-on-disc tests, dynamometer tests, and test rig studies are discussed in this paper. / <p>QC 20131025</p>

Thesis (M.Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes special report study entitled : Architecture and traffic noise. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / AstrolÃbio is a compiled corpus, with multidimensional annotation, and shared under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported licence. It is a corpus, in Brazilian Portuguese, that uses advanced technologies to text processing and corpora annotation. AstrolÃbio has multidimensional annotation based on TEI P5 guidelines, that prescribes XML metalanguage. Through these guidelines, essential structures from the annotated documents were preserved, keeping the transcription as reliable as possible to the original. By using tag <choice>, it enabled keep, in the same archive, linguistic variation phenomena, orthographic and punctuation errors, as the respectives corrected and normalized forms, and also makes possible the visualization of added and deleted terms. To automatize the integration of many levels of annotation, Astro was used, it is a software that works with several Python modules to Natural Language Processing (NLP), including Aelius and Enchant. To POS tagging, Aelius, a package that uses Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) libraries, was utilized. From Aelius, AeliusHunPosMacMorpho was chosen, it is a tagger based on HunPos and trained by MAC-Morpho, a corpus composed of journalistic texts. The 9spell checking was made by Enchant, a large library with API (Application Programming Interface) in C and C++ languages. The tagger chosen from inside training corpus MacMorpho,. AstrolÃbio's texts were produced during text production workshops from the second edition of Rota das Especiarias project, realized on first semester of 2012, with public school students from Camocim, Barroquinha e Jijoca de Jericoacoara, cities located in CearÃ. Until this moment of AstrolÃbio's creation, concluded stages are texts selection, compilation and the first step of automatic annotation by Astro. AstrolÃbio corpus is already partially avaiable at Rota das Especiarias' website (www.rotadasespeciarias.art.br). Soon, the corpus will be submitted to University of Oxford Text Archive (OTA). As we observed from corpora scene of Portuguese, there's no corpus, in Brazilian Portuguese, with this level of annotation. / AstrolÃbio à um corpus compilado, anotado multidimensionalmente e disponibilizado eletronicamente sob a licenÃa Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported. Trata-se de um corpus, em PortuguÃs brasileiro, que emprega avanÃadas tecnologias para o processamento de texto e anotaÃÃo de corpora. AstrolÃbio possui anotaÃÃo multidimensional baseada na codificaÃÃo TEI P5, que prescreve o uso metalinguagem XML. Com o uso dessa codificaÃÃo, preservaram-se caracterÃsticas essenciais da estrutura e do conteÃdo dos documentos anotados, tornando a transcriÃÃo o mais fiel possÃvel ao original. Por meio do emprego da tag <choice>, foi possÃvel reunir, em um mesmo arquivo, fenÃmenos de variaÃÃo linguÃstica, erros ortogrÃficos e de pontuaÃÃo, bem como as respectivas formas corrigidas e normalizadas, alÃm de possibilitar a visualizaÃÃo de termos que foram acrescidos ou suprimidos. Para a integraÃÃo automÃtica dos vÃrios nÃveis de anotaÃÃo, utilizou-se o Astro, um software que utiliza diversos mÃdulos em Python para o Processamento da Linguagem Natural (PLN), como o Aelius e o Enchant. Na etiquetagem morfossintÃtica, utilizou-se o pacote Aelius, que, por sua vez, recorre à biblioteca Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK). O etiquetador escolhido, dentro do Aelius, foi o AeliusHunposMacMorpho, criado a partir do etiquetador Hunpos, treinado no corpus de textos jornalÃsticos MAC-Morpho. Efetivou-se a correÃÃo ortogrÃfica com o Enchant, uma vasta biblioteca com API (Application Programming Interface) em linguagem C e C++. Os textos que compÃem esse corpus foram produzidos durante as oficinas de produÃÃo textual da segunda ediÃÃo do projeto Rota das Especiarias, realizadas no primeiro semestre de 2012, com alunos de escolas pÃblicas das cidades cearenses de Camocim, Barroquinha e Jijoca de Jericoacoara. Atà o presente momento da construÃÃo do AstrolÃbio, encontram-se concluÃdas as etapas de seleÃÃo, escanerizaÃÃo, compilaÃÃo e a primeira fase de anotaÃÃo automÃtica dos textos por meio do Astro. O corpus AstrolÃbio jà se encontra parcialmente disponÃvel no sÃtio eletrÃnico Rota das Especiarias (www.rotadasespeciarias.art.br). Em breve, serà submetido ao repositÃrio eletrÃnico University of Oxford Text Archive (OTA). Pelo que se observou do panorama de corpora do PortuguÃs, inexiste um corpus, em PortuguÃs Brasileiro, com esse nÃvel de anotaÃÃo.

The process of data acquisition and transformation of Baumann Digital and Joachim-Raff-Archiv is the subject of this poster description. The data in both projects is (meanwhile) based on TEI and MEI to obtain a machine-readable corpus. The presentation platform created for this project was initially intended as a simple form of visualization for internal use, i. e. for structuring, proofreading of digital contents and first evaluations. The xQuery-based application for eXist-db was developed in detail during the first period of the Baumann Digital project, adding the dimension of public presentation to its original purpose. This poster focuses on the process of collecting, transforming and presenting the data of these two small projects, which have different research interests but deal with similar archival material.

No description available.

Numerous examples of the "digital scholarly edition" exist online, and the genre is thriving in terms of interdisciplinary interest as well as support granted by funding agencies. Some editions are dedicated to the collection and representation of the life's work of a single author, others to mass digitization and preservation of centuries' worth of texts. Very few of these examples, however, approach the task of in-text interpretation through visualization. This project describes an approach to digital representation and investigates its potential benefit to scholars of various disciplines. It presents both a digital edition as well as a framework of justification surrounding said edition. In addition to composing this document as an XML file, I have digitized a 1794 English translation of Virgil's Aeneid and used a customized digital markup schema based on the guidelines set forth by the Text Encoding Initiative to indicate a set of poetic figures—such as simile and alliteration—within that text for analysis. While neither a translation project nor strictly a poetical analysis, this project and its unique approach to interpretive representation could prove of interest to scholars in several disciplines, including classics, digital scholarship, information management, and literary theory. The practice serves both as a case-in-point as well as an example method to replicate with future texts and projects.

The ongoing project of digitising a corpus of ancient Greek texts on papyrus dealing with medical topics raises some problematic questions involving general issues of digital papyrology. The main electronic resource of papyrological texts, the Papyrological Navigator (papyri.info), has indeed been designed to host documentary items, while the special technical, even literary nature of medical papyri (which include, besides documents related to medicine, also handbooks, school books, and treatises by both known and unknown authors) requires new ways to treat the relevant data (paratextual devices such as diacriticals, punctuation, abbreviatios, layout features). Such issues are currently under discussion by the team charged of the forthcoming Digital Corpus of Literary Papyri (DCLP), but further options need to be taken into consideration in order to develop a fully functional, interactive, dynamic database of ancient technical texts: in particular, this paper will present and discuss the potentialities of a multi-layer linguistic annotation (useful to fulfil the needs of a multifaceted technical language) and of a multitextual digital edition (helpful in consideration of the fragmentary condition of the texts and of their often problematic relationship with the known manuscript tradition).