Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:36:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FRANCISCO LOPES DE AGUIAR.pdf: 964649 bytes, checksum: bd7a7ef9df7a5159678e74ad5dc86eca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-14 / The objective is to understand the theoretical-conceptual and methodologies particularities that compose the vocabulary control elaboration (documentary process) and the controlled vocabulary (documentary product) under the archivist view. In a close-search approach of quality nature tries to review, from the dialogue with the Information Science, particularly with the Organization and Information Treatment area, with the purpose of learning the main postulates theoretical-conceptual and methodologies to assist the construction of this process. Shows evolutive stage of thinking and archivist making, aiming at understanding the social-historical movement of its area, schemes a brief systematization distinguishing some differences and institutional similarities among: Archives, Libraries and Documentation Cores. It is also shown the chief contributions of Documentation Movement in the deconstruction of paradigms and its impact in the organization practices and information treatment. Reviews the concept evolution of triad: Archive, document and information since custodial paradigm to post-custodial, moreover delimits reputably the particularities of archivist information. Emphasizes the need to understand the archivist institutions as to information system in the informational perspective imposed by the context of post-modernity, with eminence to theoretic-concepts implications related to representation process and recovery of documental contents trying to delimit reputably the elements: documents, data, information and knowledge as a matter of management in the recovery information system. Approaches the framework theoreticalconceptual concerning to organization process, representation and recovery of archivist information. Schemes some considerations as for the legitimate of subject/theme, as access point to permanent files. Shows a brief contribution to General Terminology Theory, in order to, contribute to the vocabulary control process, Moreover, systemize a short historic and theoretical-conceptual course of controlled vocabulary (documentary product). At last, presents prepositions in search for a methodology to the development of Controlled vocabularies in the archivist scope. It follows that the control of vocabulary and the controlled vocabulary contemplate recourses and methodological devices to assist the organization and treatment of archivist information. / Objetiva compreender as especificidades te?rico-conceituais e metodol?gicas que comp?em a elabora??o de controle de vocabul?rio (processo document?rio) e o vocabul?rio controlado (produto document?rio) sob a ?tica da Arquiv?stica. Numa abordagem explorat?ria e de natureza qualitativa procura revisitar, a partir do di?logo com a Ci?ncia da Informa??o, especificamente com a ?rea Organiza??o e Tratamento da Informa??o com a finalidade de apreender os principais postulados te?rico-conceituais e metodol?gicos para subsidiar a constru??o desse processo. Apresenta panorama evolutivo do pensar e do fazer arquiv?stico, visando compreender o movimento hist?rico-social da ?rea, tece breve sistematiza??o, assinalando algumas diferen?as e similaridades institucionais entre: Arquivos, Bibliotecas e Centros de Documenta??o. Tamb?m ? apresentado as principais contribui??es do Movimento da Documenta??o na des(constru??o) de paradigmas e seu impacto nas pr?ticas de organiza??o e tratamento da informa??o. Revisita a evolu??o conceitual da tr?ade: arquivo, documento e informa??o desde o paradigma custodial ao p?s-custodial, al?m de demarcar conceitualmente as especificidades da informa??o arquiv?stica. Enfatiza a necessidade de se compreender as institui??es arquiv?sticas enquanto sistemas de informa??o diante da perspectiva informacional imposta pelo contexto da p?s-modernidade, com destaque para as implica??es te?rico-conceituais relacionadas com os processos de representa??o e recupera??o de conte?dos documentais, procurando delimitar conceitualmente os elementos: documento, dado, informa??o e conhecimento como objetos de gest?o dos sistemas de recupera??o da informa??o. Aborda o arcabou?o te?rico-conceitual concernentes aos processos de organiza??o, representa??o e recupera??o da informa??o arquiv?stica. Tece algumas considera??es em torno da legitimidade do assunto/tema como ponto de acesso nos arquivos permanentes. Apresenta uma breve contribui??o da Teoria da Terminologia Geral para subsidiar no processo de controle de vocabul?rio, al?m de sistematizar um breve percurso hist?rico e te?ricoconceitual do vocabul?rio controlado (produto document?rio). E por fim apresenta proposi??es em busca de uma metodologia para o desenvolvimento de vocabul?rios controlados no ?mbito da Arquiv?stica. Conclui-se que o controle de vocabul?rio e o vocabul?rio controlado contemplam recursos e dispositivos metodol?gicos para subsidiar a organiza??o e tratamento da informa??o. arquiv?stica.

Jörn Sieglerschmidt, Bibliotheksservice-Zentrum Baden Württemberg, Konstanz, führte seine Zuhörer durch die schwierigen Aufgaben bei der Vertextung von Museumsgut, wobei er deutlich machte, dass anders als im Bibliothekswesen die Grenzen zwischen Formal- und Sacherschließung fließend sind: http://titan.bsz-bw.de/cms/museen/musis/publ/sieglerschmidt_freiburg2007.pdf

Die ZBW möchte mit der Implementierung eines automatischen Sacherschließungsverfahrens einerseits dem Umstand einer stetigen Zunahme an Onlinedokumenten Rechnung tragen und andererseits bei der Inhaltserschließung neue Wege beschreiten. Neben der Entlastung der intellektuellen Erschließung durch ein semi- oder vollautomatisches Verfahren soll es darüber hinaus möglich sein, ZBW-fremde digitale Informationsressourcen jeglicher Art mit maschineller Hilfe zu indexieren und in einem gemeinsamen Suchraum auffindbar zu machen. Im derzeitigen Projekt werden hierzu die in der ZBW zur Anwendung kommenden Vokabulare (verbale Sacherschließung mit Standard-Thesaurus Wirtschaft, bzw. klassifikatorische Erschließung mit der Standardklassifikation Wirtschaft) für das maschinelle Verfahren angepasst, trainiert und evaluiert. Die Erfahrungen der ZBW mit der organisatorischen Implementierung automatischer Sacherschließung sowie die Möglichkeiten der Auswertung dieser Verfahren stehen im Mittelpunkt des Vortrages.

This study investigates, within the current health care situation, the interrelationship of the user, resources and tool in the design of a prototype WELLNESS database-driven web site. A shift has taken place in health care, in which the base of conventional medicine has broadened to integrate other systems, practices and worldviews. These include complementary and alternative medicine, health promotion, disease prevention and wellness. Emphasis is placed on the need to take personal responsibility for one's own health and wellness. The global burden of chronic disease, reaching epidemic proportions, is increasingly linked to risk factors resulting from personal lifestyle choices. The growing evidence of the user's need to make personal, informed, lifestyle choices and their reliance on the Web for health information, required investigation. WELLNESS, a specific orientation to health and wellness, formed the framework within which the user and resources were defined and the tool designed. The user was profiled as the WELLNESS health information seeker, hereby contributing significantly to an understanding of the user in this new context. The user profile informed the establishment of resource selection criteria and tool design. The identification of WELLNESS content selection criteria, within a five-dimensional model, was required to ensure quality, relevant and credible resources. The tool is comprised of the WELLNESS thesaurus and WELLNESS database-driven web site. The WELLNESS thesaurus was constructed based on a combination of relevant thesauri. It will be used as an indexing tool. An investigation of existing health information web sites highlighted the importance of designing a specific WELLNESS database-driven web site. A database host was identified against which the original study's conceptual schema was assessed. A low-fidelity prototype web site was designed as the interface between the WELLNESS health information seeker and the database of WELLNESS health information resources. This study has epidemiological, philosophical, epistemological, sociological and psychological relevance. The provision of access to WELLNESS health information resources, made available in the WELLNESS database-driven web site, for personal, informed lifestyle choice by the WELLNESS health information seeker could potentially contribute to the reduction of the global burden of chronic disease. / Information Science / D.Litt. et Phil. (Information Science)

Semantic distance is a measure of how close or distant in meaning two units of language are. A large number of important natural language problems, including machine translation and word sense disambiguation, can be viewed as semantic distance problems. The two dominant approaches to estimating semantic distance are the WordNet-based semantic measures and the corpus-based distributional measures. In this thesis, I compare them, both qualitatively and quantitatively, and identify the limitations of each. This thesis argues that estimating semantic distance is essentially a property of concepts (rather than words) and that two concepts are semantically close if they occur in similar contexts. Instead of identifying the co-occurrence (distributional) profiles of words (distributional hypothesis), I argue that distributional profiles of concepts (DPCs) can be used to infer the semantic properties of concepts and indeed to estimate semantic distance more accurately. I propose a new hybrid approach to calculating semantic distance that combines corpus statistics and a published thesaurus (Macquarie Thesaurus). The algorithm determines estimates of the DPCs using the categories in the thesaurus as very coarse concepts and, notably, without requiring any sense-annotated data. Even though the use of only about 1000 concepts to represent the vocabulary of a language seems drastic, I show that the method achieves results better than the state-of-the-art in a number of natural language tasks. I show how cross-lingual DPCs can be created by combining text in one language with a thesaurus from another. Using these cross-lingual DPCs, we can solve problems in one, possibly resource-poor, language using a knowledge source from another, possibly resource-rich, language. I show that the approach is also useful in tasks that inherently involve two or more languages, such as machine translation and multilingual text summarization. The proposed approach is computationally inexpensive, it can estimate both semantic relatedness and semantic similarity, and it can be applied to all parts of speech. Extensive experiments on ranking word pairs as per semantic distance, real-word spelling correction, solving Reader's Digest word choice problems, determining word sense dominance, word sense disambiguation, and word translation show that the new approach is markedly superior to previous ones.

Semantic distance is a measure of how close or distant in meaning two units of language are. A large number of important natural language problems, including machine translation and word sense disambiguation, can be viewed as semantic distance problems. The two dominant approaches to estimating semantic distance are the WordNet-based semantic measures and the corpus-based distributional measures. In this thesis, I compare them, both qualitatively and quantitatively, and identify the limitations of each. This thesis argues that estimating semantic distance is essentially a property of concepts (rather than words) and that two concepts are semantically close if they occur in similar contexts. Instead of identifying the co-occurrence (distributional) profiles of words (distributional hypothesis), I argue that distributional profiles of concepts (DPCs) can be used to infer the semantic properties of concepts and indeed to estimate semantic distance more accurately. I propose a new hybrid approach to calculating semantic distance that combines corpus statistics and a published thesaurus (Macquarie Thesaurus). The algorithm determines estimates of the DPCs using the categories in the thesaurus as very coarse concepts and, notably, without requiring any sense-annotated data. Even though the use of only about 1000 concepts to represent the vocabulary of a language seems drastic, I show that the method achieves results better than the state-of-the-art in a number of natural language tasks. I show how cross-lingual DPCs can be created by combining text in one language with a thesaurus from another. Using these cross-lingual DPCs, we can solve problems in one, possibly resource-poor, language using a knowledge source from another, possibly resource-rich, language. I show that the approach is also useful in tasks that inherently involve two or more languages, such as machine translation and multilingual text summarization. The proposed approach is computationally inexpensive, it can estimate both semantic relatedness and semantic similarity, and it can be applied to all parts of speech. Extensive experiments on ranking word pairs as per semantic distance, real-word spelling correction, solving Reader's Digest word choice problems, determining word sense dominance, word sense disambiguation, and word translation show that the new approach is markedly superior to previous ones.

This study investigates, within the current health care situation, the interrelationship of the user, resources and tool in the design of a prototype WELLNESS database-driven web site. A shift has taken place in health care, in which the base of conventional medicine has broadened to integrate other systems, practices and worldviews. These include complementary and alternative medicine, health promotion, disease prevention and wellness. Emphasis is placed on the need to take personal responsibility for one's own health and wellness. The global burden of chronic disease, reaching epidemic proportions, is increasingly linked to risk factors resulting from personal lifestyle choices. The growing evidence of the user's need to make personal, informed, lifestyle choices and their reliance on the Web for health information, required investigation. WELLNESS, a specific orientation to health and wellness, formed the framework within which the user and resources were defined and the tool designed. The user was profiled as the WELLNESS health information seeker, hereby contributing significantly to an understanding of the user in this new context. The user profile informed the establishment of resource selection criteria and tool design. The identification of WELLNESS content selection criteria, within a five-dimensional model, was required to ensure quality, relevant and credible resources. The tool is comprised of the WELLNESS thesaurus and WELLNESS database-driven web site. The WELLNESS thesaurus was constructed based on a combination of relevant thesauri. It will be used as an indexing tool. An investigation of existing health information web sites highlighted the importance of designing a specific WELLNESS database-driven web site. A database host was identified against which the original study's conceptual schema was assessed. A low-fidelity prototype web site was designed as the interface between the WELLNESS health information seeker and the database of WELLNESS health information resources. This study has epidemiological, philosophical, epistemological, sociological and psychological relevance. The provision of access to WELLNESS health information resources, made available in the WELLNESS database-driven web site, for personal, informed lifestyle choice by the WELLNESS health information seeker could potentially contribute to the reduction of the global burden of chronic disease. / Information Science / D.Litt. et Phil. (Information Science)

L’architecture change parce que le monde change. L’impact des enjeux environnementaux sur la pensée de l’architecture, sur les idées et sur les formes architecturales est le sujet de cette recherche. Le secteur du bâtiment est aujourd’hui considéré comme un levier important pour résoudre la crise environnementale. Cependant, des décalages s’affirment entre des impératifs urgents et règlementaires d’atteindre des objectifs quantitatifs précis, et la nécessité pour l’architecture d’être pensée en lien avec une nouvelle culture environnementale. Transition énergétique. Transition environnementale. Transition architecturale ? Dans quel processus de néomorphisation sommes-nous ? Ce travail de recherche concerne la période de transition engagée à la fin des années 1990 et dont les scénarios se construisent à horizon 2050. L’objectif est de définir des concepts et des outils, pour caractériser de façon ouverte et pluridisciplinaire la transition architecturale vers une architecture environnementale et fournir matière à penser. Les concepts de néomorphisme architectural et de Potentiel Néomorphique (PN) sont créés, pour répondre au contexte d’une transition en cours. Par analogie avec le néologisme désignant un mot nouveau qui renouvelle et enrichit le langage, le néomorphisme architectural désigne une forme nouvelle. Il est de la même façon issu d’un processus morphologique créatif, expérimental, riche et complexe, propre aux périodes de transition. Les Potentiels Néomorphiques de l’architecture environnementale qui en découlent, désignent les nouvelles idées à l’origine des nouvelles formes architecturales. La spécificité de ce travail de recherche repose sur une approche originale de la pensée de l’architecture, des idées aux formes et des formes aux idées, et sur la création d’espaces analogiques. Les espaces analogiques sont constitués à partir de la confrontation de trois corpus : un corpus d’idées (les PN), un corpus de formes architecturales manifestes et un corpus de formes artistiques subversives. Ils sont conçus pour nourrir le débat, questionner la notion de justesse et pour stimuler la pensée de l’architecture, la soustraire au prêt-à-penser et permettre l’impensé. Ces éléments théoriques sont réinvestis dans la réalisation de la maquette d’un thésaurus. Le « Thésaurus de l’architecture environnementale, des idées aux formes et des formes aux idées » est un outil de veille et de connaissance. Il permet de découvrir, s’approprier et penser l’architecture environnementale à travers un nouveau cadre descriptif et des espaces analogiques. Proposé sur le principe d’un outil collaboratif en ligne, il invite à une approche pluriculturelle de l’architecture et permet le partage d’un savoir vivant et réactif. La maquette du Thésaurus de l’architecture environnementale ouvre la voie à des prolongements pédagogiques orientés sur l’identification de nouvelles références. Son ambition est de contribuer à la construction d’une histoire contemporaine des idées et des formes de l’architecture environnementale. / Architecture is changing because the world is changing.The impact of environmental issues on the way of thinking architecture, and also on architectural ideas and architectural forms, is the subject of this research.The building sector is now considered as an important tool in order to solve the environmental crisis. However, discrepancies are increasing between, on the one hand, urgent and regulatory requirements to achieve specific quantitative targets and, on the other, the need for architecture to be thought of in connection with a new environmental culture.Energy transition. Environmental transition. Architectural transition?How to define this neomorphisation process.This research concerns the transition period that started in the late 1990s and where the scenarios are projected up to the 2050s. The objective is to define concepts and tools, to characterize the architectural transition towards an environmental architecture, in an open and multidisciplinary manner, and to provide food for thought.The concepts of “architectural neomorphism” and “Neomorphic Potential” (PN) are created, in response to the context of a transition in progress. By analogy with the neologism which designates a new word that renews and enriches language, architectural neomorphism indicates a new form. In the same way, it results from a morphological process, creative, experimental, rich and complex, specific to transition periods. The resulting “Neomorphic Potentials” of environmental architecture describe the ideas which are behind the new architectural forms.The specific quality of this research work is based on an original approach to architectural thought, from ideas to forms and from forms to ideas, and on the creation of “analogical spaces”. They are composed as a result of the confrontation of three corpora : a corpus of ideas (PN), a corpus of manifest architectural forms and a corpus of subversive artistic forms. They are designed to active debate, to question the concept of accuracy and to stimulate our thinking about architecture, to escape standard ways of thinking and to promote outside-the-box thinking.These theoretical elements are reinvested in making a model of a thesaurus.The "Thesaurus of environmental architecture, from ideas to forms and from forms to ideas" is both a monitoring tool and a resource centre. It gives the opportunity to discover, to take on board and to think environmental architecture through a new descriptive framework using analogical spaces. Offered on the principle of an online collaborative tool, it calls for a multicultural approach to architecture so that knowledge can be shared in a lively, interactive way.The model of the Thesaurus of environmental architecture opens up the way for new teaching methods directed towards the identification of new references. Its ambition is to contribute to a contemporary history of ideas and forms of environmental architecture.

The master's thesis deals with Information Retrieval. It summarizes the knowledge in the field of Information Retrieval theory. Furthermore, the work gives an overview of models used in Information Retrieval, the data and the actual issues and their possible solutions. The practical part of the master's thesis is focused on the implementation of methods of information retrieval in textual data. The last part is dedicated to experiments validating the implementation and its possible improvements.

CHARLES UNIVERSITY - FACULTY OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND ELT METHODOLOGY Relationships between the borrowed Old Norse adjectives in English and their Old English counterparts MA THESIS Supervisor: prof. PhDr. Jan Čermák, CSc. Author: Světlana Müllerová Abstract: The aim of this MA thesis is to examine the relationship between six word pairs, each comprising an Old Norse adjectival borrowing in Middle English and its Old English counterpart along with its Middle English reflex for further reference. The inquiry into their relationship involves an analysis of: their (i) formal aspects, (ii) syntactic properties, (iii) semantic fields and (iv) external factors possibly contributing to their obsolescence or survival, such as the restriction to certain text types or geographic localization, as suggested by the individual linguistic profiles in the Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English and Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English. The description of individual semantic fields of the given words is based on their semantic classification within the Historical Thesaurus of English. This analysis is based on the occurrences of the individual words as taken from the dictionaries Middle English Dictionary and Dictionary of Old English, and related corpora Dictionary of Old English Corpus and...