Although many businesses invest on e-commerce, some managers still have a mystery which setting up e-commerce website is almost the same as e-commerce. However, they do not spent extra time, money, and labors. The mistake is doomed to failure on e-commerce. The businesses operate e-commerce and a series of operational activities include inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and services must be implemented. The operational activities must be linked together tightly and implement carefully. By value chain, the study measures the implementation of e-commerce companies whether integrates every series of operational activities to enhance the value of products and create competitive advantage. Many studies discuss about how top managers should play a key role as business enterprises import a new information system, but few of them focus on top management support. The attitude and support of top manager will result in the success or failure. The study also found that manager¡¦s attitude and internet industry are the important factors of profit, and these will affect the top management support. If the business enterprises spent sufficient resources and effort in e-business processes and top managers support in action, we believe that staffs will try their best to achieve organizational goals

Abstract The use of antibiotics in aquaculture may cause development of antibiotic resistance among pathogens infecting cultured animals and humans. Therefore, the phages were isolated from the culture environment that can infect the pathogen and resistant bacteria. In this study, there were vibriophage and antibacterial phage isolated from CLOZ andSCKF. The small and circle plaque of vibriophage could become striking by decrease in top agar percentage. The electron micrographs of vibriophage and antibacterial phage belonged to the Podoviridae and Myroviridae family. The phages genome could be cut by HidinIII. The different size fragments were compared and matched to similar genome size of phages from NCBI. For the result, vibriophage may belong to the Picovirinae in Podoviridae. The antibacterial phage would be classified into either Mu-like viruses or unclassified Myoviridae. In the infecting test with (103 PFU/ml), the vibriophage lysing the host cell was not evident. Then, infecting with ϕA, ϕ20 and ϕ70 107 PFU/ml), the ϕA could lyse the cell and test the lowest OD after two hours by infecting. ϕ20 lysed the cell at exponential phase and antibacterial phage ϕ70 could lysed the host cell at different ages after six hours by infecting. A could lyse the cell and test the lowest OD after two hours by infecting. ϕ20 lysed the cell at exponential phase and antibacterial phage ϕ70 could lysed the host cell at different ages after six hours by infecting.

When drilling offshore, shallow gas hazards are a major concern because of their potential to cause a major blowout. This is a special concern when drilling in shallower water, where the gas influx reaches the rig sooner. A common practice used to avoid the potential dangers of shallow gas is to drill a pilot hole through the shallow gas zone with the hope that the smaller diameter hole will prevent such a large influx. The use of dual-gradient top hole drilling technology would allow for a larger hole to be drilled and the possible gas influx to be killed dynamically, which I have simulated with the use of a top hole dual-gradient simulator.

Despite an abundance of executive turnover research in the context of large public firms, little has focused on top executive change in entrepreneurial settings. This study attempts to develop a foundation of theory and evidence on management team restructuring and executive exit in new venture firms, especially for ventures which eventually go public. Taking a political perspective, the study develops and empirically tests a power model of management team restructuring and executive exit in the pre- and post-IPO periods. A central thesis of this study is that the relative power of the executive cadre shifts as an entrepreneurial firm converts from a private venture to a public company, due to the drastic change in firm political coalition structure and the skill requirements for executives. The change of power distribution among the top executives affects the likelihood of management team restructuring and executive exit. Both firm level and individual level factors were examined. The study also investigates the performance implications of pre-IPO management team restructuring and post-IPO executive exit. Empirical results support the major propositions of the power model. VC prestige was found to have a positive impact on management team restructuring and new executive entry before the IPO. Technical skills are negatively associated with pre-IPO executive exit but positively associated with post-IPO executive exit. The addition of new senior executives in the post-IPO period increases the likelihood of executive exit. In addition, when firm performance is low, adding new outside directors tends to increase the probability of executive exit in the post-IPO stage. The study found that firms that had restructured management teams before the IPO tend to have lower likelihood of executive exit in the post-IPO period. In the post-IPO stage, executives with prior public company managerial experience have a significantly lower likelihood of exit than non-managerial executives. Further, the study found that pre-IPO management team restructuring improves the firm??s pre-money market valuation at the IPO. The exits of managerial executives in the post-IPO period have negative effects on subsequent average ROA. The exits of financial executives negatively affect average shareholder return in the years following the exit events.

The multi-billion dollar per year lithography industry relies on the fusion of chemistry, materials science, and engineering to produce technological innovations that enable continual improvements in the speed and storage density of microelectronic devices. A critical prerequisite to improving the computers of today relies on the ability to economically and controllably form thin film structures with dimensions on the order of tens of nanometers. One class of materials that potentially meets these requirements is block copolymers since they can self-assemble into structures with characteristic dimensions circa three to hundreds of nanometers. The different aspects of the block copolymer lithographic process are the subject of this dissertation. A variety of interrelated material requirements virtually necessitate the synthesis of block copolymers specifically designed for lithographic applications. Key properties for the ideal block copolymer include etch resistance to facilitate thin film processing, a large interaction parameter to enable the formation of high resolution structures, and thin film orientation control. The unifying theme for the materials synthesized herein is the presence of silicon in one block, which imparts oxygen etch resistance to just that domain. A collection of silicon-containing block copolymers was synthesized and characterized, many of which readily form features on approximately the length scale required for next-generation microelectronic devices. The most important thin film processing step biases the orientation of block copolymer domains perpendicular to the substrate by control of interfacial interactions. Both solvent and thermal annealing techniques were extensively studied to achieve orientation control. Ultimately, a dual top and bottom surface functionalization strategy was developed that utilizes a new class of "top coats" and cross-linkable substrate surface treatments. Perpendicular block copolymer features can now be produced quickly with a process amenable to existing manufacturing technology, which was previously impossible. The development of etching recipes and pattern transfer processes confirmed the through-film nature of the features and the efficacy of both the block copolymer design and the top coat process. / text

<p>A simultaneous measurement of three Standard Model cross-sections using 4.7 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is presented. Collision data were collected using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The signal production cross-sections studied are for top quark pair production, charged weak boson pair production, and Drell-Yan production of tau lepton pairs with invariant mass greater than 40 GeV. A data sample is defined from events with isolated high-energy electron-muon pairs arranged in a phase space defined by missing transverse momentum and jet multiplicity. A binned maximum likelihood fit is employed to determine signal yields in this phase space. Signal event yields are in turn used to measure full cross-section values and cross-section values within a fiducial region of the detector, and unlike conventional measurements the signal measurements are performed simultaneously. This is the first such simultaneous measurement of these cross-sections using the ATLAS detector. Measured cross-sections are found in good agreement with the most precise published theoretical predictions.</p> / Dissertation

Problem determination is the identification of problems and performance issues that occur in an observed system and the discovery of solutions to resolve them. Top-k analysis is common task in problem determination in database management systems. It involves the identification of the set of most frequently occurring objects according to some criteria, such as the top-k most frequently used tables or most frequent queries, or the top-k queries with respect to CPU usage or amount of I/O. Effective problem determination requires sufficient monitoring and rapid analysis of the collected monitoring statistics. System monitoring often incurs a great deal of overhead and can interfere with the performance of the observed system. Processing vast amounts of data may require several passes through the analysis system and thus be very time consuming. In this thesis, we present our lightweight top-k analysis framework in which lightweight monitoring tools are used to continuously poll system statistics producing several continuous data streams which are then processed by stream mining techniques. The results produced by our tool are the “top-k” values for the observed statistics. This information can be valuable to an administrator in determining the source of a problem. We implement the framework as a prototype system called Tempo. Tempo uses IBM DB2’s snapshot API and a lightweight monitoring tool called DB2PD to generate the data streams. The system reports the top-k executed SQL statements and the top-k most frequently accessed tables in an on-line fashion. Several experiments are conducted to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of our approach. The experimental results show that our approach achieves low system overhead. / Thesis (Master, Computing) -- Queen's University, 2009-08-31 12:42:48.944

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the international particle physics laboratory CERN in Switzerland is currently the most powerful particle accelerator on earth. This thesis presents analyses of proton-proton collisions at the energy √s = 7 TeV, recorded by ATLAS, one of the detectors at the LHC. The goal of the LHC and its detectors is to find new phenomena not described by the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics.The top quark is the heaviest known elementary particle and it is produced in very large numbers at the LHC. Measuring the production cross-section of top pairs (ttbar) is important for many reasons: for validating the strong production mechanism of the SM, for commissioning and calibration of the detector and analysis software and because several scenarios for physics beyond the SM predict changes to the ttbar production cross-section.Five different measurements of the ttbar cross-section will be presented in this thesis. The first three are measurements of the total cross-section, the fourth is a simultaneous measurement of the ttbar, Zττ and WW cross-sections and the fifth is a measurement of the relative differential ttbar cross-section. The most accurate measurement of the total cross-section is 176 pb with a total uncertainty of 9%, and the relative differential cross-section for ttbar-masses above ~ 1 TeV is 0.007 1/TeV with an uncertainty of 43%. Both values agree with the SM predictions.Measurements or searches in particle physics often have to be conducted in the presence of uninteresting background processes.  Reducing and providing estimates of these backgrounds is one of the main analysis tasks. Many backgrounds can be simulated with sufficiently good accuracy. However, the background due to mis-identified leptons cannot be accurately simulated. This thesis presents and evaluates a method for estimating this background from data, and this is then used in the total ttbar cross-section measurements. / LHC (Large Hadron Collider) vid det internationella partikelfysiklaboratoriet CERN i Schweiz är för närvarande världens mest kraftfulla partikleaccelerator. I den här avhandlingen presenteras anlyser av proton-protonkollisioner vid $\sqrt{s}=7\TeV{}$, registrerade med ATLAS som är en av detektorerna vid LHC. Målet med LHC och dess detektorer är att upptäcka nya fenomen som inte kan beskrivas av partikelfysikens nuvarande standardmodell (SM). Toppkvarken är den tyngsta elementarpartikeln man känner till och den produceras i stort antal vid LHC. Att mäta produktionstvärsnittet för par av topkvarkar (\ttbar{}) är viktigt av flera skäl: för att validera den starka produktionsmekanismen i SM, och för att testa och kalibrera detektorn och analysverktygen. Dessutom förutsäger flera teoretiska utvidgningar av SM ändringar av tvärsnittet för \ttbar{}. Fem olika mätningar av tvärsnittet för \ttbar{} presenteras i den här avhandlingen. De första tre är mätningar av det totala tvärsnittet, den fjärde är en simultan mätning av tvärsnitten för produktion av \ttbar{}, $WW$ och \Ztt{} och den femte är en mätning av det \emph{relativa differentiella} tvärsnittet. Det mest noggranna mätningen av det totala tvärsnittet är $176 $ pb med $9 \%$ total osäkerhet, och det relativa differentiella tvärsnittet för \ttbar{}-massor över $\sim 1 \TeV{}$ är $0.007 \TeV^{-1}$ med $43\%$ osäkerhet. Båda mätresultaten stämmer med respektive förutsägelse från standardmodellen. Mätningar eller sökningar inom partikelfysiken måste ofta utföras i närvaro av ointressanta bakgrundsprocesser. Att reducera och skatta dessa bakgrunder är en av huvuduppgifterna inom en dataanalys. Många bakgrunder kan simuleras med tillräcklig precision. Men bakgrunden av felidentifierade leptoner kan däremot inte simuleras tillräckligt noggrant. Den här avhandlingen presenterar och utvärderar en metod för att skatta bakgrunden av felidentifierade leptoner från data, och resultatet används i mätningarna av det totala tvärsnittet för \ttbar{}. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 5: Manuscript.</p>

No description available.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 48-50). / vi, 50 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm