Abstract The use of antibiotics in aquaculture may cause development of antibiotic resistance among pathogens infecting cultured animals and humans. Therefore, the phages were isolated from the culture environment that can infect the pathogen and resistant bacteria. In this study, there were vibriophage and antibacterial phage isolated from CLOZ andSCKF. The small and circle plaque of vibriophage could become striking by decrease in top agar percentage. The electron micrographs of vibriophage and antibacterial phage belonged to the Podoviridae and Myroviridae family. The phages genome could be cut by HidinIII. The different size fragments were compared and matched to similar genome size of phages from NCBI. For the result, vibriophage may belong to the Picovirinae in Podoviridae. The antibacterial phage would be classified into either Mu-like viruses or unclassified Myoviridae. In the infecting test with (103 PFU/ml), the vibriophage lysing the host cell was not evident. Then, infecting with ϕA, ϕ20 and ϕ70 107 PFU/ml), the ϕA could lyse the cell and test the lowest OD after two hours by infecting. ϕ20 lysed the cell at exponential phase and antibacterial phage ϕ70 could lysed the host cell at different ages after six hours by infecting. A could lyse the cell and test the lowest OD after two hours by infecting. ϕ20 lysed the cell at exponential phase and antibacterial phage ϕ70 could lysed the host cell at different ages after six hours by infecting.

No description available.

Master of Science / Department of Clinical Science / Elizabeth Davis / Background: While there is a commercially-available vaccine for Streptococcus equi subsp. equi licensed for the intranasal route of administration, some equine practitioners are administering this vaccine orally despite a lack of evidence for its efficacy by this route of administration. Objectives: To compare systemic and local immune responses following intranasal or oral administration of the USDA-approved, live-attenuated Streptococcus equi subspecies equi vaccine (Pinnacle IN®, Zoetis, Florham Park, New Jersey). Study Design: Experimental, randomized clinical trial Methods: Eight healthy horses with low Streptococcus equi M protein (SeM) titers (<1:1600) were randomly assigned to an intranasal or oral two-vaccine series. SeM-specific serum immunoglobulins G (IgG) and A (IgA) and nasal secretion IgA were assessed using a commercially-available ELISA (Equine Diagnostic Solutions, LLC, Lexington, Kentucky) and a novel magnetic microsphere assay utilizing fluorescence. A general linear mixed models approach was used for statistical data analysis. Results: As expected, intranasal vaccinates showed substantial increases in both serum SeM-specific IgG and IgA levels post-vaccination (P=0.0006 and P=0.007, respectively). Oral vaccinates showed an increase in serum SeM-specific IgG post-vaccination (P=0.0150), though only one-third the magnitude of intranasal vaccinates. Oral vaccinates showed no evidence of change in SeM-specific IgA post-vaccination (P=0.15). Main Limitations: Changes in mucosal antibody responses were not identified in this study which may be related to small change in antibody response, timing of sample collection, or method of nasal secretion collection. Conclusions: Results indicate that intranasal or oral vaccine administration resulted in increased serum SeM-specific IgG, though the magnitude of response differed between routes.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(社会健康医学) / 甲第24806号 / 社医博第130号 / 新制||社医||12(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科社会健康医学系専攻 / (主査)教授 松田 文彦, 教授 YOUSSEFIAN Shohab, 教授 永井 洋士 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Public Health / Kyoto University / DFAM

Trombocyter är suspenderade i plasma som innehåller antikroppar mot de blodgruppsantigen som saknas på erytrocyterna. För att minimera risken för en hemolytisk reaktion bestäms titern av anti-A och anti-B. Gelkortsteknik används för att detektera antikropp-antigensreaktioner och baseras på agglutinationer i en gel. Syftet med studien var att undersöka titern av anti-A och anti-B i trombocytenheter, samt att utvärdera en rutinanalys och utveckla en screeningmetod. I studien analyserades enheter av blodgrupp O och A. De kontrollerades mot anti-A och/eller anti-B både för IgG och IgM antikroppar. En screeningmetod utvecklades för att kunna screena O-enheterna och en gräns på 1:100 respektive 1:250 undersöktes. Resultatet kunde påvisa en stor skillnad i titer mellan O-och A-enheter. Titern skiljer sig signifikant beroende på om titern bestäms i plasma eller från den färdiga (utspädda) enheten. En screeningmetod på 1:100 påvisade att 86 % av enheterna hade bedömts som hög titer och en screeningmetod på 1:250 visade att andelen sjönk till 31 %. Geltekniken är en känslig metod och är beroende av kompetent personal vid avläsning. En del studier visar liknande resultat men andelen enheter med hög titer varierar och likaså metoder och titergräns. Detta påvisar svårigheterna i att bestämma en kritisk titer och att förutse risker hos patienten. Andra faktorer tros också kunna påverka riskerna. Införande av en screeningmetod på 1:250 kan öka antalet enheter som kan transfunderas över ABO-barriären. / Platelets are suspended in plasma containing antibodies to the blood group antigen missing on the erythrocytes. To minimize the risk of hemolytic reaction, the titrers of anti-A and anti-B are determined. The gel test is used to detect antibody-and antigen responses and is based on agglutinations in gel. The purpose was to investigate the titers of anti-A and/or anti-B in platelets. A routine analysis was evaluated and a screening method was implemented. In the study, units of blood group O and A were analyzed. They were checked against anti-A and anti-B for both IgG and IgM antibodies. A screening method was developed to screen the O-units and a limit of 1:100 and 1:250 was used. The results showed great difference in titers between O and A units. The titers differ significantly depending on whether the titers are determined in plasma or from the finished (diluted) unit. A screening method at 1:100 showed that 86 % of the units was rated as high titer while a screening method of 1:250 showed that this was reduced to 31 %. Gel technology is a sensitive method and is dependent on competent staff when reading the agglutinations. Some studies show similar results, but the proportion of high titer units, methods and critical titers varies. It proves the difficulty in determining a critical titer and predicting risks for the patient. Other factors are also believed to influence the risks. Implementation of a 1:250 screening method is believed to increase the number of units that can be transfused over the ABO barrier.

A erliquiose monocítica canina (EMC) é uma doença infecciosa de ocorrência mundial e transmitida pelo carrapato Rhipicephalus sanguineus. As manifestações clínicas são inespecíficas e multissistêmicas. Pode apresentar as fases aguda, assintomática e crônica, as quais podem cursar com alterações hematológicas como trombocitopenia, discreta anemia e leucopenia durante a fase aguda, discreta trombocitopenia na fase assintomática, e pancitopenia nos casos crônicos graves. O estabelecimento de indicadores prognósticos para a doença pode ser de grande valia para o direcionamento do tratamento clínico. O estudo do título de anticorpos em cães infectados poderia auxiliar no diagnóstico da EMC bem como no monitoramento do tratamento. A fim de identificar as principais alterações clínicas, hematológicas e sorológicas de cães infectados por E. canis, foram selecionados 82 animais com diagnóstico etiológico de EMC (positivos a Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase PCR). Os cães foram subdivididos em grupos de animais assintomáticos (n=12), doentes e sobreviventes (n=51) e doentes e não sobreviventes (n=19). Foi realizado ainda acompanhamento clínico, hematológico e sorológico de 28 animais tratados com medicação preconizado, no período de até 180 dias após o tratamento. Na análise clínica, não houve predisposição sexual ou racial, porém cães maiores de 8 anos de idade apresentaram maior frequência. Os sintomas observados mais frequentemente em todos os cães, exceto nos assintomáticos, foram palidez de mucosas, apatia, hiporexia, letargia e gastrenterite. As alterações hematológicas encontradas no grupo dos cães doentes foram anemia e trombocitopenia, que variaram apenas na intensidade quando da comparação dos animais sobreviventes com os não sobreviventes, porém apenas a anemia e a leucopenia apresentaram-se como fatores prognósticos negativos para a doença. Altos títulos de anticorpos (&ge; 2.560) foram observados em grande parte dos animais infectados, porém não puderam ser considerados indicadores de persistência da infecção. Em dois dos 28 animais com monitoramento pós tratamento houve reinfecção, face aos resultados novamente positivos na pesquisa de material genético para E.canis, associados à recidiva de alterações hematológicas em um dos dois animais, e abrupto novo aumento do título de anticorpos. Em outros animais, apesar da rápida ascensão do título concomitante à recidiva de alterações hematológicas, não houve amplificação de DNA erliquial, sugerindo diagnóstico molecular falso negativo. Concluiu-se que alterações clínicas e hematológicas sugestivas da doença foram encontradas nos animais doentes, apenas a anemia e leucopenia podem ser indicadores prognósticos da doença, e que a interpretação do título de anticorpos deve ser feita em consonância com alterações clínicas e hematológicas do cão suspeito. / The canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is an infectious disease occurring worldwide and is transmitted by the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The clinical manifestations are nonspecific and multisystemic. It may present acute, asymptomatic and chronic phases, which may be presented with haematological changes such as thrombocytopenia, mild anemia and leukopenia during the acute phase, mild thrombocytopenia in asymptomatic phase, and pancytopenia in severe chronic cases. The establishment of prognostic indicators for the disease may be of great value to guide clinical treatment. The study of antibodies titer in infected dogs could help in the diagnosis of CME and in monitoring treatment. In order to identify the main clinical, hematological and serological changes in dogs infected with E. canis, 82 animals were selected with etiologic diagnosis of a CME (positive to Polymerase Chain Reaction - PCR). The dogs were subdivided into groups of asymptomatic animals (n = 12), sick and survivors (n = 51) and sick and non-survivors (n = 19). It was also conducted clinical, hematological and serological monitoring of 28 animals treated with recommended medication for the period until 180 days after treatment. In clinical analysis, there was no racial or sexual predisposition, however dogs older than 8 years of age had a higher frequency. The most frequently reported symptoms in all dogs except the asymptomatic patients were pale mucous membranes, apathy, appetite loss, lethargy and gastroenteritis. Hematological changes found in the group of sick dogs were anemia and thrombocytopenia, which varied only in intensity when comparing the survivors to the nonsurvivors, but only anemia and leukopenia were presented as negative prognostic factors for the disease. High titers of antibodies (2560 &ge;) were observed in most infected animals, but they could not be considered indicators of persistent infection. In two out of the 28 monitored animals after treatment there was reinfection, compared to positive results back on the research of genetic material to E.canis, associated with relapse of hematological changes in one of the two animals, and sudden new increase in antibody titer. In other animals, despite the rapid rise of the concurrent title of relapse hematological changes, there was no erliquial DNA amplification, suggesting molecular diagnostic to be false negative. It was concluded that clinical and hematologic changes suggestive of the disease were found in sick animals, only anemia and leukopenia may be prognostic indicators of the disease, and that the interpretation of antibody titers should be done in line with clinical and hematologic changes of the suspect dog.

No description available.

A erliquiose monocítica canina (EMC) é uma doença infecciosa de ocorrência mundial e transmitida pelo carrapato Rhipicephalus sanguineus. As manifestações clínicas são inespecíficas e multissistêmicas. Pode apresentar as fases aguda, assintomática e crônica, as quais podem cursar com alterações hematológicas como trombocitopenia, discreta anemia e leucopenia durante a fase aguda, discreta trombocitopenia na fase assintomática, e pancitopenia nos casos crônicos graves. O estabelecimento de indicadores prognósticos para a doença pode ser de grande valia para o direcionamento do tratamento clínico. O estudo do título de anticorpos em cães infectados poderia auxiliar no diagnóstico da EMC bem como no monitoramento do tratamento. A fim de identificar as principais alterações clínicas, hematológicas e sorológicas de cães infectados por E. canis, foram selecionados 82 animais com diagnóstico etiológico de EMC (positivos a Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase PCR). Os cães foram subdivididos em grupos de animais assintomáticos (n=12), doentes e sobreviventes (n=51) e doentes e não sobreviventes (n=19). Foi realizado ainda acompanhamento clínico, hematológico e sorológico de 28 animais tratados com medicação preconizado, no período de até 180 dias após o tratamento. Na análise clínica, não houve predisposição sexual ou racial, porém cães maiores de 8 anos de idade apresentaram maior frequência. Os sintomas observados mais frequentemente em todos os cães, exceto nos assintomáticos, foram palidez de mucosas, apatia, hiporexia, letargia e gastrenterite. As alterações hematológicas encontradas no grupo dos cães doentes foram anemia e trombocitopenia, que variaram apenas na intensidade quando da comparação dos animais sobreviventes com os não sobreviventes, porém apenas a anemia e a leucopenia apresentaram-se como fatores prognósticos negativos para a doença. Altos títulos de anticorpos (&ge; 2.560) foram observados em grande parte dos animais infectados, porém não puderam ser considerados indicadores de persistência da infecção. Em dois dos 28 animais com monitoramento pós tratamento houve reinfecção, face aos resultados novamente positivos na pesquisa de material genético para E.canis, associados à recidiva de alterações hematológicas em um dos dois animais, e abrupto novo aumento do título de anticorpos. Em outros animais, apesar da rápida ascensão do título concomitante à recidiva de alterações hematológicas, não houve amplificação de DNA erliquial, sugerindo diagnóstico molecular falso negativo. Concluiu-se que alterações clínicas e hematológicas sugestivas da doença foram encontradas nos animais doentes, apenas a anemia e leucopenia podem ser indicadores prognósticos da doença, e que a interpretação do título de anticorpos deve ser feita em consonância com alterações clínicas e hematológicas do cão suspeito. / The canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is an infectious disease occurring worldwide and is transmitted by the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The clinical manifestations are nonspecific and multisystemic. It may present acute, asymptomatic and chronic phases, which may be presented with haematological changes such as thrombocytopenia, mild anemia and leukopenia during the acute phase, mild thrombocytopenia in asymptomatic phase, and pancytopenia in severe chronic cases. The establishment of prognostic indicators for the disease may be of great value to guide clinical treatment. The study of antibodies titer in infected dogs could help in the diagnosis of CME and in monitoring treatment. In order to identify the main clinical, hematological and serological changes in dogs infected with E. canis, 82 animals were selected with etiologic diagnosis of a CME (positive to Polymerase Chain Reaction - PCR). The dogs were subdivided into groups of asymptomatic animals (n = 12), sick and survivors (n = 51) and sick and non-survivors (n = 19). It was also conducted clinical, hematological and serological monitoring of 28 animals treated with recommended medication for the period until 180 days after treatment. In clinical analysis, there was no racial or sexual predisposition, however dogs older than 8 years of age had a higher frequency. The most frequently reported symptoms in all dogs except the asymptomatic patients were pale mucous membranes, apathy, appetite loss, lethargy and gastroenteritis. Hematological changes found in the group of sick dogs were anemia and thrombocytopenia, which varied only in intensity when comparing the survivors to the nonsurvivors, but only anemia and leukopenia were presented as negative prognostic factors for the disease. High titers of antibodies (2560 &ge;) were observed in most infected animals, but they could not be considered indicators of persistent infection. In two out of the 28 monitored animals after treatment there was reinfection, compared to positive results back on the research of genetic material to E.canis, associated with relapse of hematological changes in one of the two animals, and sudden new increase in antibody titer. In other animals, despite the rapid rise of the concurrent title of relapse hematological changes, there was no erliquial DNA amplification, suggesting molecular diagnostic to be false negative. It was concluded that clinical and hematologic changes suggestive of the disease were found in sick animals, only anemia and leukopenia may be prognostic indicators of the disease, and that the interpretation of antibody titers should be done in line with clinical and hematologic changes of the suspect dog.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第21683号 / 医博第4489号 / 新制||医||1036(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 河本 宏, 教授 玉木 敬二, 教授 髙折 晃史 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

(1) Background: No information is available on how dogs with hypothyroidism (HypoT) respond to vaccination. This study measured pre- and post-vaccination anti-canine parvovirus (CPV) antibodies in dogs with HypoT treated with levothyroxine and compared the results to those of healthy dogs. (2) Methods: Six dogs with HypoT and healthy age-matched control dogs (n = 23) were vaccinated against CPV with a modified-live vaccine. Hemagglutination inhibition was used to measure antibodies on days 0, 7, and 28. The comparison of the vaccination response of dogs with HypoT and healthy dogs were performed with univariate analysis. (3) Results: Pre-vaccination antibodies (≥10) were detected in 100% of dogs with HypoT (6/6; 95% CI: 55.7–100) and in 100% of healthy dogs (23/23; 95% CI: 83.1–100.0). A ≥4-fold titer increase was observed in none of the dogs with HypoT and in 4.3% of the healthy dogs (1/23; CI95%: <0.01–22.7). Mild vaccine-associated adverse events (VAAEs) were detected in 33.3% of the dogs with HypoT (2/6; 95% CI: 9.3–70.4) and in 43.5% (10/23; 95% CI: 25.6–63.2) of the healthy dogs. (4) Conclusions: There was neither a significant difference in the dogs’ pre-vaccination antibodies (p = 1.000), or vaccination response (p = 0.735), nor in the occurrence of post-vaccination VAAEs (p = 0.798). The vaccination response in dogs with levothyroxine-treated HypoT seems to be similar to that of healthy dogs.