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Detta examensarbete använder ett systematiskt tillvägagångssätt för att omkonstruera ett växellådshus till ett elektriskt fordon med avsikt att förbättra prestanda med avseende på hållfasthet, livslängd och styvhet. I examensarbetet ges även en kort beskrivning av hur växellådan fungerar, vilken roll den spelar i de elektriska fordonen, samt grundläggande teori som används  vid konstruktion av liknande växellådor. Den huvudsakliga arbetsmetoden som använts för att nå målen är topologioptimering och olika lösningar har simulerats för att förenkla den framtida omkonstruktionen. Analyser av de olika resultaten har lett fram till ett grovt förslag på hur växellådshuset kan utformas. Det resultatet förkastades efter det att några extra simuleringar gjorts. Även om inget slutgiltigt förslag hittades, har detta examensarbete tagit fram en bra grund och vägvisning för att senare lyckas med uppdraget. / This thesis targets a systematic approach for redesign of the gearbox housing for an electrical vehicle, with an intention to improve its performance in terms of structural integrity, durability and compliance. Throughout the work, a brief overview of gearbox purpose, position and significance in context of electric vehicles has been presented, some theoretical background concerning design of similar gearboxes is presented and underlying theoretical fundamentals are reviewed. Topology optimization has been utilized as the main method for achieving the goals and various solving runs were performed in order to ease the subsequent redesign. Interpretations of multiple result sets led to a rough outline guess of a possible solution candidate. After supplementary studies, that solution was later discarded. In the end, although no final redesign was generated, clear and comprehensive directions for achieving the targeted goal have been formulated.

The main aim of the study was to examine and discover the use of the clarinets and bass clarinet, in combination with other instruments, to portray the libretto in Puccini's opera Tosca. • scrutiny of the literature about Puccini's life and works, • an analysis of the score with emphasis on the clarinets', bass clarinet's and singers' parts and specific attention to the demands of the libretto, and • listening to a number of recordings of the opera A variety of different aspects are organized in the following chapters: Chapter 1 consists of general information about the study. Chapter 2 offers a short biography, while Chapter 3 provides a discussion about the libretto. In Chapter 4 the author deals with tonguing and articulation. Chapter 5 examines melodic aspects and Chapter 6 consists of views on dynamic aspects. In Chapter 7 a discussion about rhythmic aspects takes place, and in Chapter 8 the author explores the combination of the clarinets and bass clarinet with other instruments. Finally, Chapter 9 is a summary of the conclusions drawn in this study. • Puccini's predilection for continuous mixing of instrumental colours sometimes makes it difficult to separate the clarinet for analytical purposes. Nevertheless, the importance of the use of the clarinets or bass clarinet can clearly be detected. • Puccini employs all creative and technical capabilities of the clarinet and bass clarinet in creating and changing the atmosphere, depicting human emotions and emphasizing dramatic moments. • Carefully chosen and applied articulation, trills, tremolos and repeated notes in the clarinet and bass clarinet parts are Puccini's gestures in the expression of love, anger and fear. However, articulation in the clarinet and bass clarinet parts mainly matches the other instrumental lines in the orchestra. • Because the clarinet and bass clarinet blend well with any instrument and with the human voice, Puccini uses them in solo parts, in unison with the singer, or as an accompaniment to the singer's line. • As a consequence of Puccini's need to consciously pay minute attention to the details of the libretto, the structure, shape and length of the clarinet phrases constantly change. • Exploring the dynamic's capabilities of the clarinets and bass clarinet presents the wide palette of colours and nuances which these instruments can produce. Puccini uses a large number of dynamic markings in the clarinet and bass clarinet parts. They range between ppp and fff. The piano dynamic level is mainly used to suggest fear and suspicion or to portray lyrical moments in the libretto, while the forte level is a tool to create drama and express human anger, pain, or the struggle between good and bad. • Puccini puts very strong emphasis on rhythm as a device for illuminating the details of the libretto, stage actions, human feelings, and different atmospheres in the opera Tosca. The different rhythmical patterns and changes of metre affect all instruments. Sometimes the clarinet line has the same rhythmical figures as the rest of the woodwind, but very often the clarinet plays a different rhythm from the rest of the orchestra or the singer's melody. / Dissertation (M Mus (Performing Art))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Music / unrestricted

Scania works continuously to develop internal combustion engines and after treatment systems which can achieve low pollutant emissions and high efficiency. A major principal that Scania adopted for this goal is the Simulation Driven Development (SDD) process. Here computer aided simulations aid to develop designs and improve characteristics all the while reducing the iterative prototyping and testing process. Currently, parametric modelling and Design of Experiments (DoE) is a proven and major mode of exploring designs within the various stakeholder fields of development; namely structural, fluid mechanics and acoustics.  Topology optimisation in fluid flow is a new field which promises quick exploration of design spaces. The result of topology optimisation are unintuitive designs that could serve as baseline designs which can further reduce the design process. The objective of the thesis was to explore topology optimisation and investigate a way to incorporate topology optimisation in the design process at Scania CV AB. For this task Tosca Fluid by Dassault Systèmes was chosen for its optimisation capabilities, which uses back-flow as the criteria of optimisation. The case study was conducted based on the MTX diesel one box inlet end-plate which was used as reference. The dimensional constraints of the reference product were used to model and utilise the developed workflow. Since this task involved the use of substrates for exhaust gas filtration, it was imperative to explore uniformity of flow over the substrate as an additional optimisation criterion. The project studied modelling design spaces to satisfy the design criteria and the shortcoming the software currently poses have been documented in this report. The report also mentions the tasks involved in setting up simulation cases to work well with Tosca Fluid. In the current stage of the thesis work it was not possible to incorporate uniformity as an additional criterion and hence fails in using Tosca Fluid to optimise topology for turn volumes involving the use of substrates. / Scania arbetar kontinuerligt med att utveckla förbränningsmotorer och efterbehandlings system som kan uppnå låga föroreningar och hög effektivitet. En viktig princip som Scania antog för detta mål är processen Simulation Driven Development (SDD). Här hjälper datorstödda simuleringar att utveckla mönster och förbättra egenskaper samtidigt som den iterativa prototyp- och testprocessen reduceras. För närvarande är parametrisk modellering och Design of Experiments (DoE) ett beprövat och viktigt sätt att utforska konstruktioner inom de olika intressenternas utvecklingsområden; nämligen konstruktion, fluidmekanik och akustik. Topologioptimering i vätskeflöde är ett nytt område som lovar snabb utforskning av designutrymmen. Resultatet av topologioptimering är icke-intuitiva konstruktioner som kan fungera som baslinjedesigner som ytterligare kan minska designprocessen. Syftet med avhandlingen var att utforska topologioptimering och undersöka ett sätt att integrera topologioptimering i designprocessen på Scania CV AB. För denna uppgift valdes Tosca Fluid av Dassault Systèmes för sina optimeringsmöjligheter, som använder återflöddet som kriterier för optimering. Fallstudien genomfördes baserat på MTX diesel först låda inloppsändplatta som användes som referens. Referensproduktens dimensionella begränsningar användes för att modellera och använda det utvecklade arbetsflödet. Eftersom denna uppgift innebar användning av substrat för avgas filtrering, var det absolut nödvändigt att undersöka flödets enhetlighet som ett ytterligare optimerings kriterium. Projektet studerade modellerings designutrymmen för att uppfylla design kriterierna och den brist programvaran för närvarande har dokumenterats i denna rapport. Rapporten nämner också de uppgifter som är involverade i att skapa simuleringsfall för att fungera bra med Tosca Fluid. I det aktuella skedet av avhandlings arbetet var det inte möjligt att införliva enhetlighet som ett ytterligare kriterium och misslyckas därför med att använda Tosca Fluid för att optimera topologi för sväng volymer som involverar användning av substrat.

Der Vortrag gibt einen Überblick zu plattformübergreifenden Administrationstechnologien am Beispiel der Systemplattform Windows. Einführend wird auf ein Framework zur Plattformverwaltung "ToSCA" eingegangen. Die Umsetzung der Systemwartung wird am Einsatz von cygwin und cfengine dargestellt.

Wind turbines have been utilized for centuries to harness energy from the wind. Commercial wind turbine blades are typically made from composite materials, which are difficult to recycle, leading to blades ending up in landfills at the end of their lifecycle. Additionally, these materials contribute to microplastic pollution. In response to growing environmental concerns, there has been an increased focus on addressing such issues. The Swedish company SeaTwirl AB develops offshore vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWT), and this study focuses on optimizing the weight of a blade from a new 10-15 MW VAWT concept using steel as the material. Steel has long been recyclable, making it an interesting material for wind turbine blades. The specific steel used in this study is the ultra-high-strength steel "Strenx 1300" from SSAB, which is not only extremely durable but is also expected to be fossil-free by 2026, by implementation of the manufacturing technology HYBRIT. The study found that a single blade made from Strenx 1300, when designed and optimized for 35 years of operational use, would weigh approximately 193.4 tonnes and would require 6016.8 meters of welds with a fatigue class of FAT 125. A rough estimation of the weight of a fiberglass VAWT of the same size resulted in approximately 300 tonnes. Therefore, this study concludes that it may be feasible to construct a commercially competitive VAWT blade using environmentally friendly, fossil-free steel. This approach would make wind energy a more sustainable energy source without the problems of recyclability and microplastic pollution. / Vindkraftverk har använts i århundraden för att utvinna energi från vinden. Kommersiella vindkraftverksblad tillverkas vanligtvis av kompositmaterial, vilket är svårt att återvinna och leder till att bladen hamnar på soptippar vid slutet av deras livscykel. Dessutom bidrar dessa material till mikroplastföroreningar. Som svar påväxande miljöproblem har det därför blivit ett ökat fokus på denna typ av frågor. Det svenska företaget SeaTwirl AB utvecklar vertikalaxliga vindkraftverk (VAWT) för offshore-användning, och denna studie fokuserar på att optimera vikten av ett blad från ett nytt 10-15 MW VAWT-koncept med stål som material. Stål har länge varit återvinningsbart, vilket gör det till ett intressant material för vindkraftverksblad. Det specifika stål som används i denna studie är det höghållfasta stålet "Strenx1300" från SSAB, som inte bara är extremt hållbart, men också förväntas bli fossilfritttill 2026, tack vare implementeringen av tillverkningsteknologin HYBRIT. Studien visade att ett enskilt blad tillverkat av Strenx 1300, när det är utformat och optimerat för 35 års driftstid, skulle väga cirka 193,4 ton och kräva 6016,8 meter svets med en utmattningsklass FAT 125. En grov uppskattning av vikten av en VAWT av samma storlek i glasfiber resulterade i cirka 300 ton. Därför drar denna studie slutsatsen att det kan vara möjligt att konstruera ett kommersiellt konkurrenskraftigt VAWT-blad med miljövänligt, fossilfritt stål. Detta tillvägagångssätt skulle göra vindenergi till en mer hållbar energikälla utan problemen associerade med återvinning och mikroplaster.

Nubo is a broker-less and decentralized edge cloud marketplace that provides APIexposure for integration between entities of the marketplace, i.e., service providers and customers of edge cloud. The core functionalities of this marketplace are implemented by using Hyperledger Fabric blockchain. Some of the marketplace features are Subscription to a service, Service registration, Service onboarding, and Application onboarding. Although it has many features, the Nubo marketplace does not provide performance assurance to the customers, which is one of the main reasons for the lack of trust between the service providers and customers. The SLA management can resolve this issue, and it builds a trusted environment in the marketplace. SLA management facilitates the generation of a formal contract between the service provider and the customer, in which the parties agree on the service’s anticipated performance level (measured in terms of QoS indicators). It also involves consequences in the form of a penalty when the expectations are not achieved during the contract period. One of the challenges in SLA management in the marketplace is to describe the SLA considering different edge cloud characteristics such as multi-parties, network services, etc. In this thesis, we studied the specific requirements for describing the edge cloud SLA and SLA intent, and then we proposed TOSCA models that can be used to describe SLA and SLA intent in the marketplace. In the end, we evaluated the proposed models with the help of an edge cloud use case. / <p>Due to the covid pandemic, I made my presentation online.</p>

Der Vortrag gibt einen Überblick zu plattformübergreifenden Administrationstechnologien am Beispiel der Systemplattform Windows. Einführend wird auf ein Framework zur Plattformverwaltung "ToSCA" eingegangen. Die Umsetzung der Systemwartung wird am Einsatz von cygwin und cfengine dargestellt.

Sustainable engineering within product development is becoming increasingly important with the ever-growing amounts of resources used to sustain the human way of life in modern times. An effective way of helping to deal with this problem is to reduce the resources used in products and components across the world. This thesis explores the effectiveness of the topology optimization method in achieving significant material reductions whilst maintaining structural strength and integrity when designing an aircraft component. The part is an engine handling mounting bracket which will be optimized to be produced by additive manufacturing, and so restrictions imposed by traditional manufacturing methods are not considered, allowing for larger material reductions to be achieved. The original bracket part was provided by GE Electric, and the computer software Abaqus computer aided engineering with integrated TOSCA was used to solve the problem. Two trials were conducted, with the first being used to gain knowledge and understanding of the optimization features of the software. The basic requirements for the optimized design were that it should be able to withstand four given static load cases without undergoing plastic deformation, and these load cases were applied separately in trial 1 for simplicity. The second trial was conducted with a higher complexity, utilising multi-objective topology optimization which allowed the load cases to be weighted individually whilst being applied simultaneously during optimization. The resulting bracket part that was created with the help of the optimized topology from trial 2 reduced the volume of the original part by over 75%. This also left potential for further material reductions as the optimized part did not undergo plastic deformation when subject to any of the four load cases of the study. In conclusion, topology optimization seems to be extremely helpful when designing components that have clearly defined load cases, producing results that designers and engineers can have confidence in. The method does however have its flaws, such as difficulties in utilising the optimized topology directly to create a computer aided design part file. The post-processing process needed to achieve such a part is also time-consuming although it must be implemented to create a digital part that can be analysed and verified by FEA.

This thesis deals with a comparatice analysis, where there are original literary productions (proses, dramas), that were then used for creating librettos of operas productions. The thesis focus on opera performances presented on stages of South Bohemian Theatre in last few years, and also belongs to canon of tradition of world's opera. The analysis is following the way of adaptation of the original piece, it means the conversion of the production, originally defined for a quiet reading, into the genre based on performing and accented his performance's nature. The thesis follows conventional and inventive characters by original literary production, and also by opera's text "adaptation". The thesis specifically follows the relationship of these productions: Victorien Sardou: Tosca and Giacommo Puccini: Tosca; Prosper Mérimée: Carmen and Georges Bizet: Carmen; Pierre - Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais: The Marriage of Figaro and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: The Marriage of Figaro; Antonio García Gutiérrez: Il Trovatore and Giuseppe Verdi: Il Trovatore; and also the productions without the original literar artwork: Giuseppe Verdi: Aida and Antonín Dvořák: Rusalka.