If cooling towers are poorly maintained there is a risk of microbial growth such as Legionella which in turn might spread via aerosols and infect humans. This may lead to an outbreak of legionnaires’ disease. The purpose of this study was to highlight the risks of Legionella and cooling towers along with investigating the legal responsibility of businesses and supervision authorities in this regard. The study also investigated whether business should be obligated to register their cooling towers at supervising authorities. The study was partly based on a survey which was sent to Sweden’s 290 municipalities and 21 county administration boards to investigate their knowledge regarding Legionella and cooling towers and if they had inventoried which of their facilities that uses cooling towers. The results of the survey showed that 16% of the municipalities and none of the county administration board had inventoried which of their facilities that uses cooling towers. Half of the municipalities do not have any knowledge if any of their facilities uses cooling towers. Moreover, 45% of the municipalities and 30% of the county administration boards consider that business should register their cooling towers. The results showed that many of Sweden’s municipalities and county administration boards have shortcomings in their knowledge and supervision. Legislation and priorities need to be assessed and regulatory guidance from the Public Health Agency of Sweden is necessary for future progress.

Orientador: Roger Josef Zemp / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T15:18:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_IgorMacieldeOliveirae_M.pdf: 2922871 bytes, checksum: 4b7ffbcbf31e3be71d4453d00d6c7592 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Sistemas de água de resfriamento são o método mais comum de rejeição de calor na indústria. Sistemas convencionais de água de resfriamento recirculante possuem uma rede de trocadores de calor em uma configuração paralela, demandando grande quantidade de circulação de água e torres de resfriamento. Embora a reutilização de água de resfriamento reduza a quantidade de água que é necessária no sistema e aumente o desempenho e capacidade da torre de resfriamento, a queda de pressão na rede de trocadores de calor pode aumentar devido ao seu arranjo em série-paralelo. Este estudo introduz uma metodologia para projetar diferentes sistemas de água de resfriamento e para analisar os impactos da reutilização de água sobre a queda de pressão na rede de trocadores de calor e sobre a torre de resfriamento. A partir de um modelo de super-estrutura, utiliza-se um algoritmo combinatorial com o auxílio da ferramenta de otimização Solver do Microsoft Excel para resolver um problema não-linear (NLP) de cada estrutura de rede de trocadores de calor. A queda de pressão em redes de trocadores de calor é avaliada por uma metodologia baseada na Teoria dos Grafos e utiliza os algoritmos de ordenação por topologia e de caminho crítico. Utiliza-se o método de Merkel para modelar a altura de uma torre de resfriamento e poder avaliar o volume necessário de uma torre de resfriamento para cada rede de trocadores de calor. Um estudo de caso é utilizado para ilustrar cada passo a medida que a metodologia é desenvolvida, buscando prover fundamentos para um estágio conceitual durante o projeto de um sistema de água de resfriamento / Abstract: Cooling water systems are the most common method of waste heat disposal in industry. Conventional recirculating cooling water systems have a heat exchanger network in a parallel arrangement, demanding not only substantial cooling water flow, but also large cooling towers. Although cooling water reuse reduces the amount of water that is recirculated in the system, thereby increasing the cooling tower capacity and performance, the pressure drop in the heat exchanger network may significantly increase due to series-parallel arrangements. This study introduces a methodology to design different cooling water systems and to analyse the cooling water reuse impacts on the heat exchanger network pressure drop and on the cooling tower size. From a superstructure model, a combinatorial algorithm in conjunction with the optimisation tool Solver in Microsoft Excel is used to solve a non-linear problem for each heat exchanger network structure. Pressure drop in heat exchanger networks is evaluated by a methodology that is based on Graph Theory and that uses topological sorting and critical path algorithms. Merkel's method is used to model the cooling tower height and to assess the required cooling tower volume for each heat exchanger network. A case study is used to illustrate each step as the methodology is developed, aiming to provide a basis for a conceptual stage during the cooling water system design / Mestrado / Engenharia Química / Mestre em Engenharia Química

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 乙第13306号 / 論人博第52号 / 新制||人||219(附属図書館) / 2019||論人博||52(吉田南総合図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科文化・地域環境学専攻 / (主査)教授 水野 尚之, 教授 廣野 由美子, 准教授 小島 基洋, 教授 中川 優子 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

Detta arbete gick ut på att skapa ett stort tower defense spel i 3D där spelaren kan omplacera sina torn. Tanken med omplacering är att det leder till att spelaren blir mer aktiv, även när spelet håller på länge. Spelet spelades av olika personer och det mättes till vilken grad omplacering skedde och vilken påverkan omplacering har på spelarnas framgång. Resultaten visar på att spelare använder sig omplacering under hela spelets gång. Ur resultaten och datan som mättes gick det inte att med säkerhet avgöra vilken påverkan omplacering har på spelarnas framgång. Detta lämnar rum för vidare utveckling där omplacering är klart essentiell för att spelarna ska spela framgångsrikt.

This paper studies the stone towers on Gotland which are known as kastal in Swedish. This paper aims to answer the question of why they were built and also who ordered their construction. In order to answer these questions, the aim of this paper is to contextualise the kastal by understanding their construction chronology. In order to accomplish this, both the activities and the political actions that have been linked to the kastal by other scholars and analysed. Those activities include trade, Medieval ideologies, the Baltic crusades and residential farms. A case study is also made through researching the kastal's function, form,age and the artefacts found within them. The research conducted here indicates that no clear originator can be determined , although it is clear that some social organisation was the driving force behind the building phase. This is seen for example at Bulverket, a wooden fort built in Lake Tingstäde in northern Gotland during the twelfth century, showing the Gotlanders were able to organise and coordinate building structures on a massive scale. Whether this organisation was formed around a single aristocratic individual or around a collective group, cannot be determined within this paper. It seems that no direct link can be said to place all the kastal within one unified phase or singular incident. However, the differnet activities analysed in this research could have had a significant impact in the construction of the towers.

Executive functioning usually refers to one’s ability to regulate one’s behavior, set goals, be mentally flexible, and understand the consequence of one’s actions. However, certain neurodevelopmental disabilities such as Autism, often can negatively impact executive function processes. Although applied behavior analytic (ABA) treatment is the most recommended intervention for autism treatment practitioners rarely assess or target executive functioning within their treatment planning. The present study assessed the relationship between direct and indirect executive functioning scores and a language assessment used by ABA providers. Thirty-nine children with autism spectrum disorder were administered a variety of scales including the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF 2), Comprehensive Executive Functioning Inventory (CEFI), Tower of London (TOL), and the PEAK Comprehensive Assessment (PCA). Obtained data yielded a moderate, negative relationship between the total BRIEF and total PCA scores (r=-0.521, p=.032) and a moderate, positive relationship between CEFI planning and PCA scores (r=0.394, p=.017). However, there was a strong correlation between total PCA scores and TOL scores (r=0.708, p=.005).

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What started as an exploration of the relationship between collage and architecture, developed into a tower of separations and ambiguities, separation of rooms and objects, ambiguity of meaning and placement. What started as a secluded room in the forest, developed into a tower that secludes itself and its rooms. The thesis is process and finality, always changing, always complete. The object is shelter of object. The purpose is to contain both material things and purpose. / Master of Architecture

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