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Introdução: O câncer de mama é a neoplasia maligna mais prevalente em mulheres. Em decorrência do diagnóstico tardio, a mastectomia radical modificada (MRM) permanece como tratamento cirúrgico de escolha para a maioria das pacientes portadoras da doença. Em pacientes mastectomizadas, a reconstrução mamária com retalhos miocutâneos é a técnica que apresenta melhor resultado a longo prazo. Material e métodos: O estudo compara as taxas de recorrência local e sistêmica e a sobrevida livre de doença em pacientes submetidas à MRM, associada ou não à reconstrução mamária imediata com retalho miocutâneo transverso do reto abdominal (TRAM). Resultados: O grupo submetido à TRAM apresentou recorrência local de 11,8% e sistêmica de 35,7%, e o grupo da MRM, 4,4 e 26,1%, respectivamente. A sobrevida livre de doença (tempo decorrido entre a cirurgia e a primeira recorrência) foi, em média, de 105,4 meses (IC95% 97,0-113,72) no grupo MRM e de 95,4 meses (IC95% 80,7-110,0) no grupo TRAM, não havendo diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos (P = 0,147). Conclusões: Em pacientes portadoras de câncer de mama, a reconstrução mamária imediata com retalho miocutâneo transverso do reto abdominal não influencia o prognóstico da doença, devendo ser oferecida às pacientes que não apresentam contraindicação clínica ao procedimento. / Introduction: Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignant neoplasia among women. In cases of late diagnoses, modified radical mastectomy (MRM) remains the surgical treatment of choice for most women with this disease, and breast reconstruction with myocutaneous flaps is the technique with the best long-term results. Material and methods: Local and systemic recurrence rates were compared, as well as diseasefree survival of patients who underwent MRM with or without immediate breast reconstruction using transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap (TRAM). Results: The TRAM group had a local recurrence rate of 11.8% and a systemic recurrence rate of 35.7%; for the MRM group, these rates were 4.4 and 26.1%, respectively. Disease-free survival time (from surgery to first recurrence) was 95.4 months (95%CI 80.7-110.0) in the TRAM group and 105.4 (95%CI 97.0-113.72) in the MRM group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.147). In patients with breast cancer, immediate breast reconstruction with TRAM did not affect disease prognosis, and may be indicated to all patients who undergo MRM, except those with any clinical contraindications to the procedure.

This diploma thesis analyzes the problem of line planning in urban public transport as an object of Operations Research. It is based on the Theory of Graphs, building specific model network referring to a real existing network. Each line represents the flow through part of this network, respecting additional constraints. The goal is to optimize existing routing by decreasing the number of lines in service and making the routing easier to understand and remember. On the contrary to casual models, this one has been designed to perfectly describe a real existing network, tramway service in Prague, Czech Republic. Furthermore, no set of lines is given in advance. The flow is newly computed by optimizing software to fit the demand and the capacity of each branch. So the output should give the user a concrete route of each line in operation.

Introdução: O câncer de mama é a neoplasia maligna mais prevalente em mulheres. Em decorrência do diagnóstico tardio, a mastectomia radical modificada (MRM) permanece como tratamento cirúrgico de escolha para a maioria das pacientes portadoras da doença. Em pacientes mastectomizadas, a reconstrução mamária com retalhos miocutâneos é a técnica que apresenta melhor resultado a longo prazo. Material e métodos: O estudo compara as taxas de recorrência local e sistêmica e a sobrevida livre de doença em pacientes submetidas à MRM, associada ou não à reconstrução mamária imediata com retalho miocutâneo transverso do reto abdominal (TRAM). Resultados: O grupo submetido à TRAM apresentou recorrência local de 11,8% e sistêmica de 35,7%, e o grupo da MRM, 4,4 e 26,1%, respectivamente. A sobrevida livre de doença (tempo decorrido entre a cirurgia e a primeira recorrência) foi, em média, de 105,4 meses (IC95% 97,0-113,72) no grupo MRM e de 95,4 meses (IC95% 80,7-110,0) no grupo TRAM, não havendo diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos (P = 0,147). Conclusões: Em pacientes portadoras de câncer de mama, a reconstrução mamária imediata com retalho miocutâneo transverso do reto abdominal não influencia o prognóstico da doença, devendo ser oferecida às pacientes que não apresentam contraindicação clínica ao procedimento. / Introduction: Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignant neoplasia among women. In cases of late diagnoses, modified radical mastectomy (MRM) remains the surgical treatment of choice for most women with this disease, and breast reconstruction with myocutaneous flaps is the technique with the best long-term results. Material and methods: Local and systemic recurrence rates were compared, as well as diseasefree survival of patients who underwent MRM with or without immediate breast reconstruction using transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap (TRAM). Results: The TRAM group had a local recurrence rate of 11.8% and a systemic recurrence rate of 35.7%; for the MRM group, these rates were 4.4 and 26.1%, respectively. Disease-free survival time (from surgery to first recurrence) was 95.4 months (95%CI 80.7-110.0) in the TRAM group and 105.4 (95%CI 97.0-113.72) in the MRM group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.147). In patients with breast cancer, immediate breast reconstruction with TRAM did not affect disease prognosis, and may be indicated to all patients who undergo MRM, except those with any clinical contraindications to the procedure.

Introdução: O câncer de mama é a neoplasia maligna mais prevalente em mulheres. Em decorrência do diagnóstico tardio, a mastectomia radical modificada (MRM) permanece como tratamento cirúrgico de escolha para a maioria das pacientes portadoras da doença. Em pacientes mastectomizadas, a reconstrução mamária com retalhos miocutâneos é a técnica que apresenta melhor resultado a longo prazo. Material e métodos: O estudo compara as taxas de recorrência local e sistêmica e a sobrevida livre de doença em pacientes submetidas à MRM, associada ou não à reconstrução mamária imediata com retalho miocutâneo transverso do reto abdominal (TRAM). Resultados: O grupo submetido à TRAM apresentou recorrência local de 11,8% e sistêmica de 35,7%, e o grupo da MRM, 4,4 e 26,1%, respectivamente. A sobrevida livre de doença (tempo decorrido entre a cirurgia e a primeira recorrência) foi, em média, de 105,4 meses (IC95% 97,0-113,72) no grupo MRM e de 95,4 meses (IC95% 80,7-110,0) no grupo TRAM, não havendo diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos (P = 0,147). Conclusões: Em pacientes portadoras de câncer de mama, a reconstrução mamária imediata com retalho miocutâneo transverso do reto abdominal não influencia o prognóstico da doença, devendo ser oferecida às pacientes que não apresentam contraindicação clínica ao procedimento. / Introduction: Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignant neoplasia among women. In cases of late diagnoses, modified radical mastectomy (MRM) remains the surgical treatment of choice for most women with this disease, and breast reconstruction with myocutaneous flaps is the technique with the best long-term results. Material and methods: Local and systemic recurrence rates were compared, as well as diseasefree survival of patients who underwent MRM with or without immediate breast reconstruction using transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap (TRAM). Results: The TRAM group had a local recurrence rate of 11.8% and a systemic recurrence rate of 35.7%; for the MRM group, these rates were 4.4 and 26.1%, respectively. Disease-free survival time (from surgery to first recurrence) was 95.4 months (95%CI 80.7-110.0) in the TRAM group and 105.4 (95%CI 97.0-113.72) in the MRM group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.147). In patients with breast cancer, immediate breast reconstruction with TRAM did not affect disease prognosis, and may be indicated to all patients who undergo MRM, except those with any clinical contraindications to the procedure.

The thesis deals with problem of urban mass transportation. Theoretical part is focused on mass transportation. The thesis contains delimination of area - Olomoucky Region - and its mass transportation - integrated transport system "IDSOK". The main part of the thesis deals with Urban Mass Transportation in Olomouc. There are analyzed selected problems of urban mass transportation as comfort, adherence to time tables, new tram traces routing - operating expenses of trams and buses - and communication with passengers.

The theme of this master thesis is a way of solving tram track elongation in Brno - Lesna. The task was to draw up a tram track through the crossroad of streets Merhautova, Seifertova and Okruzni including reconstruction of crossroad. This master thesis deals with the of different variants of solution of crossroad. The most appropriate option is worked out further. In this work is also included outlining of futher tram tracking behind the crossroad and placement of the nearest tram stops. The result of this work is to elaborate of the situation including charasteristic cut sections and longitudinal profiles of tram lines. Part of this work is an estimate of the financial cost to realize this building.

The aim of this master’s thesis is to create design of a civic roadway with a tram track no.4, that is supposed to meet the transport demand of an area called Zbrojovka, which is an old industrial brownfield to be turned into a civic and business area. What is more, this roadway should provide interconnection between streets Dukelská třída and Zábrdovická. This thesis is carried out as a study. The solution is based on knowledge of Brno’s ground plan, few studies carried out by the Department of public transportation and consultations therein. All directives and standards are included in the index. This work is created using following programmes Autocad Civil 2012, Microsoft Office 2010, AutoTURN 8.1. Final solution has been reached by working in several versions and assesing the most suitable one, which is separating the tram track from the civic roadway. This separation leads to a better coverage of the area.

This thesis is focused on quietening vehicular traffic in the Náměstí Míru square in Brno and arranging it more clearly. A research on traffic, terrain and proprietary rights has been made together with familiarization with the locality and needs of residents. As the best of three conceptual options has been chosen one moving the tram loop into a new object built on estates of Brno city. Introduction of this – southern – option includes detailed drawing documentation.

The content of this diploma thesis is design of a low-floor tram, primarily intended for inner-city use. The thesis includes a brief summary of the historical development, analysis of current trends in tram design and analysis of currently used technical solutions. The main part is devoted to the design process, resulting in shape and graphical solution of the exterior and interior arrangement while respecting the structural and ergonomic requirements in respect of passengers and the driver of the vehicle.