This thesis examines a psychological model of health and well-being from an ancient Indian philosophical thought system called the tri-guna model. After an introduction in the first chapter, the second chapter establishes the theoretical basis of the model. The third chapter describes the development and psychometric properties of the Tri-Guna Scales which measure the components of the tri-guna model. The fourth chapter presents an intervention study that is focused on an intervention that was conceptualized on the basis of the tri-guna model and aimed at increasing well-being, followed by the last chapter that draws conclusions. As the second chapter illustrates, the tri-guna model proposes that the psyche is influenced by three energies that function in dependence on one another and each strive for dominance, pushing the other two aside when they gain strength. These three energies are called sattva, rajas and tamas. In short, when sattva is dominant in a person, the person has strong well-being, is calm, happy, motivated and persevering. Dominant rajas leads to stress, over-activity and restlessness. When tamas becomes dominant, it makes a person pessimistic, depressed and unmotivated. The implication of the tri-guna model is that sattva should be the dominant guna in order for a person to experience high well-being. Sattva can be strengthened by a number of interventions such as meditation, increasing spiritual awareness, self-regulation and developing virtues. Studies examining the tri-guna model have demonstrated that many of the theorized relations are supported by empirical data. The quality of the inventories used to measure the gunas in the past does not meet current methodological standards, for which reason new tri-guna scales were developed in two studies. The inventory items were derived from the working model discussed in the second chapter of the thesis. Originally, the goal was to develop one large tri-guna scale that is clearly composed of three factors, of which each corresponds to one of the gunas. However, because of the wide range of behavioral aspects that are determined by the gunas, the first exploratory factor analysis found factors that corresponded not only to one of the gunas, but also to one of the many behavioral facets inherent in the one comprehensive scale (e.g. cognition, motivation, social behavior etc.). Therefore, the items were grouped into nine separate scales that each measure the gunas in one single behavioral category. The reliability of the majority of the 27 scales corresponds to reliability values of established personality inventories: Cronbach’s α of 24 subscales is above .7. The internal consistencies of the other three subscales don’t meet this standard, but their values are still above .6. Measures determining the validity of the inventory are very good. The exploratory factor analysis of the second study shows that all scales consist of three factors, each of which can be related to one of the gunas. The correlations of the subscales amongst each other are consistent with the hypotheses and previous research, the sattva scales correlate negatively with the rajas and tamas scales, and the rajas and tamas scales have positive correlations. Furthermore, the correlations of the scales to relevant external criteria provide further evidence for the validity of the scales. As expected, the sattva scales correlate positively with measures of well-being and negatively with measures of stress, whereas the rajas and tamas scales correlate positively with measures of stress and negatively with measures of well-being. The tri-guna model not only aims at describing and explaining behavior, but also at changing it, so that well-being can increase. The fourth chapter of this thesis describes an intervention study that tested a training aimed at increasing sattva and decreasing rajas and tamas, in a multiple baseline study. 24 participants took part in an eight-week training which included a variety of the interventions detailed in the second chapter: meditation, cognitive restructuring, managing energy and will-power, and mindful decision-making and social behavior. The study results show that the training was effective: sattva increased and rajas and tamas decreased with medium to large effects. Other significant changes include an increase in psychological and physical well-being and self-regulation. All in all, this thesis demonstrates the potential of the contribution of the guna model to explaining and increasing well-being. This research provides a thorough description of the model and summary of empirical evidence in connection to the gunas. Furthermore, this work has made it possible to measure the gunas with a questionnaire of high academic standards. This will support future research on the gunas and other fields investigating interventions with an Indian background like meditation or yoga. Finally, this thesis shows how the guna model can be applied practically in a psychological training in order to improve the well-being of its participants. / Diese Dissertation untersucht ein psychologisches Modell für Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden aus der indischen Philosophie, genannt das Tri-Guna Modell. Nach einer Einleitung im ersten Kapitel, beschreibt das zweite Kapitel die theoretischen Grundlagen des Modells. Das dritte Kapitel beschreibt die Entwicklung und psychometrischen Eigenschaften der Tri-Guna Skalen, welche die Komponenten des Tri-Guna Modells messen. Im vierten Kapitel wird eine Interventionsstudie dargestellt, die ein Training untersucht, das auf der Grundlage des Tri-Guna Modells entworfen wurde und darauf abzielt Wohlbefinden zu stärken. Im Anschluss folgt das letzte Kapitel, in welchem Schlussfolgerungen und ein Ausblick dargestellt werden. Wie das zweite Kapitel darstellt, wird die Psyche laut dem Tri-Guna Modell von drei Energien beeinflusst, die in Abhängigkeit voneinander arbeiten. Jede strebt nach Stärke und verringert die Auswirkung der anderen beiden, wenn sie an Kraft zunimmt. Diese drei Energien heißen Sattva, Rajas und Tamas. Kurz gefasst erfährt eine Person Wohlbefinden, Ruhe, Glück, Motivation und Ausdauer, wenn Sattva am stärksten ist. Vorherrschendes Rajas führt zu Stress, übermäßiger Aktivität und Ruhelosigkeit. Wenn Tamas vorherrscht, ist die Person pessimistisch, depressiv und unmotiviert. Insgesamt erfährt eine Person das höchste Ausmaß an Wohlbefinden, wenn Sattva die stärkste Guna ist. Laut Tri-Guna Modell kann Sattva durch verschiedene Maßnahmen gestärkt werden, wie zum Beispiel Meditation, spirituelle Bewusstheit, Selbstregulation und das Umsetzen von Tugenden. Studien, welche das Tri-Guna Modell untersucht haben, konnten zeigen, dass viele der in dem Modell beschriebenen Beziehungen von empirischen Daten belegt werden. Die Qualität der bisher vorhandenen Inventare zur Erfassung der Gunas wird gängigen methodischen Ansprüchen nicht gerecht, weshalb in zwei Studien neue Tri-Guna Skalen entwickelt wurden. Die Items des Inventars wurden aus dem Arbeitsmodell, das im zweiten Kapitel der Disseration dargestellt wird, abgeleitet. Zuerst war das Ziel eine umfangreiche Tri-Guna Skala zu entwickeln, die aus drei Faktoren besteht, von denen jeder einer der Gunas entspricht. Aufgrund der großen Bandbreite an Verhaltensaspekten, die von den Gunas beeinflusst werden, zeigte die erste exploratorische Faktorenanalyse mehrere Faktoren, die nicht nur einzelnen Gunas entsprachen, sondern sich auch auf Teilaspekte der Gunas in bestimmten Verhaltenskategorien bezogen, die alle in der einen umfangreichen Skala enthalten waren (z.B. Kognition, Motivation, Umgang mit anderen etc.). Deshalb wurden die Items auf neun separate Skalen aufgeteilt, die jede die Gunas in einer einzigen Verhaltenskategorie messen. Die Reliabilität von 24 der 27 Subskalen entspricht den Reliabilitätswerten von etablierten Persönlichkeitsinventaren – Cronbachs α dieser Skalen ist über .7. Die inneren Konsistenzen der anderen drei Skalen werden diesem Wert nicht gerecht, ihre Werte sind jedoch über .6. Maße, welche die Validität der Skalen untersuchen, zeigen gute Werte. Die exploratorische Faktorenanalyse der zweiten Studie zeigt, dass die Items aller Skalen jeweils auf drei Faktoren laden, von denen jeder einer der Gunas zugeordnet werden kann. Die Korrelationen der Subskalen untereinander sind hypothesenkonform und entsprechen dem Bild, das sich auch bei älteren Guna-Inventaren zeigt – die Sattva-Skalen korrelieren negativ mit den Rajas- und Tamas-Skalen und die Rajas- und Tamas-Skalen korrelieren positiv. Desweiteren belegen Korrelationen der Skalen mit relevanten Außenkritieren die Validität der Skalen. Wie erwartet korrelieren die Sattva-Skalen positiv mit Maßen für Wohlbefinden und negativ mit Maßen für Stress, während die Rajas- und Tamas-Skalen positiv mit Maßen für Stress und negativ mit Maßen für Wohlbefinden korrelieren. Das Tri-Guna Modell zielt nicht nur darauf ab Verhalten zu beschreiben und zu erklären, sondern auch darauf es zu ändern, damit das Wohlbefinden zunehmen kann. Das vierte Kapitel dieser Dissertation beschreibt eine Interventionsstudie, die im Rahmen eines Multiple Baseline Designs ein Training untersucht, welches Sattva stärken und Rajas und Tamas mindern sollte. 24 Teilnehmer/innen nahmen an einem acht-wöchigem Training teil, das eine Zusammenstellung der Interventionen enthielt, welche im zweiten Kapitel beschrieben wurden: Meditation, kognitive Umstrukturierung, Energie- und Willenskraft-Management, und achtsames Entscheiden und Verhalten gegenüber anderen. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass das Training wirksam war: Sattva nahm zu und Rajas und Tamas nahmen ab mit mittleren bis starken Effekten. Andere signifikante Veränderungen schließen eine Zunahme an psychischem und körperlichem Wohlbefinden und Selbstregulation ein. Insgesamt demonstriert diese Dissertation den potentiellen Beitrag des Guna-Modells zur Erklärung und Stärkung von Wohlbefinden. Diese Arbeit liefert eine detaillierte Beschreibung des Modells und eine Zusammenfassung des empirischen Forschungsstandes in Bezug auf die Gunas. Desweiteren macht diese Forschung es nun möglich die Gunas mit Skalen von hohem akademischem Niveau zu messen. Das wird zukünftige Forschung zu den Gunas und anderen Themen, die Interventionen mit indischem Hintergrund untersuchen, wie Mediation oder Yoga, unterstützen. Schließlich zeigt diese Dissertation wie das Guna Modell in einem psychologischen Training praktisch angewandt werden kann, um das Wohlbefinden der Teilnehmer/innen zu stärken.

Despite the fact that cogeneration (CHP) and tri-generation (CHCP) are among the most efficient ways to produce electricity and thermal energy, there is still some unexploited potential for these techniques. One could say that the circumstances for using these techniques are better now than ever. Some of the reasons for applying CHP and CHCP are: the techniques are well understood, their application could generate some profit, and the required technology is available. Moreover, there is increasing concern in regards to energy security, the need to increase the energy efficiency in power generation and distribution as well as to lower the emissions from fossil fuel combustion. CHP/CHCP promoters and developers face difficulties when analyzing the conditions and proposing a plan of application. On one hand, there are some external barriers which have to be torn down by means of energy regulation schemes. These may include economic incentives, easy and safe interconnection to the grid to export electricity and have backup if necessary, and access to the market to sell the surplus of electricity at a fair price. On the other hand, there are some internal barriers such as the difficulty evaluating potential energy savings, emission reduction, and economic performance of a project based on the circumstances of a specific site; lack of awareness; unwillingness to invest in CHP/CHCP projects; and difficulty in selecting and sizing the equipment which would give the maximum benefits in terms of life cycle cost, energy savings and emission reduction. Nowadays, it is possible to develop software tools which use simulations and optimization algorithms to evaluate several options, compare them and chose the ones that give the optimum performance with respect to an objective function defined by the user. In this project, the general context for the application of cogeneration and tri-generation projects was studied including factors which have an impact on its feasibility and performance. Moreover, a survey of the exiting feasibility analysis tools was done, and a case study was chosen and analyzed. Next, a model was developed using the software Trnsys for the simulation and Matlab for the optimization. The model was tested by evaluating the study case. The result of the simulation and optimization gives several possible equipment size combinations. The tradeoff between two different objective functions such as net present value and primary energy savings or emission reduction is presented in Pareto front diagrams. The main conclusion of this project is that by using Trnsys and Matlab, it is possible to develop more complex models which, when applying optimization algorisms, could become a very useful and helpful tool that CHP/CHCP developers could use to speed up the analysis of projects while contributing to the goal of deploying these techniques.

En la práctica profesional de la ingeniería civil, generalmente, se consideran los componentes del movimiento del suelo de forma independiente y desestimando la componente vertical en los análisis sísmicos. Sin embargo, ya existen estudios que invalidan dichos supuestos, y, es por tal, que el análisis sísmico debería considerar el efecto de todas las componentes del sismo a fin de estimar cualquier respuesta en la estructura. En este estudio se propondrán factores de amplificación para los espectros generados por los análisis uni-direcconales, con el fin de extenuar el efecto tri-direccional del sismo. Dichos factores se realizarán por medio del análisis de 54 estructuras caracterizadas por distintos parámetros dinámicos. Y, además, utilizando ángulos de incidencia cada 10° y 11 registros sísmicos para el ATH. Las respuestas máximas se compararán con las del espectro propuesto por la Norma E0.30 [1], obteniendo así reglas lineales para los factores de amplificación. / In the professional practice of civil engineering, generally, the components of the ground movement are considered independently and disregarding the vertical component in seismic analyzes. However, there are already studies that invalidate these assumptions, and, therefore, the seismic analysis should consider the effect of all the components of the earthquake in order to estimate any response in the structure. In this study, amplification factors will be proposed for the spectra generated by the uni-directional analyzes, in order to exhaust the tri-directional effect of the earthquake. Said factors will be carried out through the analysis of 54 structures characterized by different dynamic parameters. And, in addition, using incidence angles every 10 ° and 11 seismic records for the ATH. The maximum responses will be compared with those of the spectrum proposed by Standard E0.30, thus obtaining linear rules for the amplification factors. / Trabajo de investigación

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1996 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / Aerospace Report No. TOR-0059(6110-01)-3, section 1.3.3 outlines the design and performance requirements of SGLS (Space Ground Link Subsystem) services. GDP Space Systems has developed a single card slot FSK (Frequency Shift Keying)/AM (Amplitude Modulation) demodulator. An application of this service is the US Air Force Satellite Command and Ranging System. The SGLS signal is tri-tone-FSK, amplitude modulated by a modified triangle wave at half the data rate. First generation FSK/AM demodulators had poor noise performance because the signal tones were filtered and processed at IF frequencies (65, 76 and 95 kHz). Second generation demodulators suffer from "threshold" due to non-linear devices in the signal path before the primary noise filtering. The GDP Space Systems demodulator uses a 0-Hz- IF topology and avoids both of these shortcomings. In this approach, the signal is first noncoherently down converted to baseband by linear devices, then it is filtered and processed. This paper will discuss the GDP 0-Hz-IF FSK/AM (SGLS) demodulator.

This thesis aims to address a vital gap that has emerged in the digital identity regulatory discourse: how can the legal regulation of digital identity mirror the global nature of digital identity and be compatible with national local difference? Digital identity, or the digital representation of an individual, is a complex concept, which manifests in myriad forms (e.g. authenticators, claims, data or information, identifiers, presence, relationship representations and reputation) and natures. As such, it engages a gamut of legal domains ranging from criminal law, constitutional law, human rights law, law of identity schemes, contract law, intellectual property law, tort law and data protection law. Digital identity is global and local in its nature, influence and effects. Yet, the digital identity regulatory discourse has primarily developed in and focussed on the digitally advanced West, leaving out countries like India which are developing strong digital presences, with their own digital identity perceptions and needs. This situation is adverse to the sustained future of digital identity. Thus, the contribution of this thesis lies in filling this gap and preparing the ground for a dialogue between different countries with different national agendas through building international and local awareness of how similarities and differences operate in respect of digital identity, its regulation and providing a modest solution to help preserve the global and local dimensions of digital identity and its regulation. To this end, the thesis carried out comparative legal research on the legal regulation of digital identity using the UK and India as base jurisdictions. The original hypothesis was that that immense differences in the legal regulation of digital identity between the comparator countries would emerge. Yet, though differences were evident, considerable degrees of similarity also emerged, not just on the superficial level of mere identity of rules, but also in legal practice, in large part attributable to India’s penchant for legal transplants. While the transplantation of Western law did not result in a full-scale rejection of the transplanted laws in relation to digital identity in India, there are indications of anomalies caused by the imposition of Western cultural norms through law on an Indian society ill prepared for it. Thus there has resulted a tension between the local and the global, the indigenous and the externally imposed. The challenge is thus to resolve this, taking into account, on the one hand the need to maintain the global nature and relevance of digital identity and the other, the need to accommodate and be responsive to local differences. The thesis proposes a tentative solution called the tri-elemental framework (TeF) which draws from the Indian philosophical and legal concept of dharma (and its elements of Sad Achara, Vyavahara and Prayaschitta) and learns from the most universally relevant digital identity proposal, De Hert’s right to identity. The solution provides one way in which the law regulating digital identity, whatever its nature, can be made sense of and acquire cultural meaning appropriate to local contexts.

No description available.

Parmi les paramètres influençant l'inférence d'arbres phylogénétiques, nous nous sommes penchés d'une part sur (i) l'utilisation et l'efficacité de différents marqueurs et (ii) l'influence de la radiation évolutive (la succession rapide d'événements de spéciation) dans la construction d'arbres phylogénétiques et, d'autre part, sur l'applicabilité du modèle de substitution nucléotidique GTR (General Time Reversible). La première partie de ce travail étudie l'évolution des cétacés en se basant sur les séquences des génomes mitochondriaux, sur le motif d'insertion de rétroposons SINEs (short interspersed elements) nouvellement isolés et les loci nucléaires de ces derniers. Le choix des cétacés est motivé par la présence, durant leur évolution, de radiations évolutives, qui sont propices au tri différentiel de lignées généalogiques: si des séquences de gènes ou des allèles restent polymorphes entre des événements de spéciations, il est possible, et même probable, d'observer une incompatibilité entre les histoires évolutives de ces marqueurs, malgré que celles-ci soient bien correctes. Nous abordons l'étude du tri différentiel des lignées généalogiques par le biais des SINEs, dont l'insertion aléatoire et irréversible confère à ces marqueurs un risque de convergence particulièrement faible. Notre approche multi-marqueur nous permet de reconstruire un arbre robuste à partir duquel nous analysons ces différents marqueurs à l'aide des rapports signal/bruit (la qualité du contenu informatif du marqueur) et effort/signal (les efforts à mettre en oeuvre pour obtenir du signal phylogénétique). Nous discutons également les relations conflictuelles/incorrectes obtenues à partir des différents marqueurs, notamment des motifs d'insertion de SINEs pour lesquels nous décrivons un test objectif nous permettant de différencier le tri différentiel de lignées généalogiques et la convergence. Les modèles de substitutions nucléotidiques sont à la base de nombreuses méthodes d'inférence phylogénétiques. Parmi ces modèles, le modèle GTR est un des plus complets et des plus utilisés. Waddell and Steel [1997] ont décrit une procédure qui permet d'estimer les distances et les taux instantanés de substitution pour des séquences évoluant selon les hypothèses du modèle GTR. Il existe néanmoins des conditions qui rendent cette procédure, et donc l'utilisation du modèle GTR, inapplicables. Nous avons simulé l'évolution de séquences d'ADN le long de 12 arbres caractérisés par un ensemble de conditions biologiquement plausibles (différentes longueurs de branches, des conditions de (non-)homogénéité de la matrice de taux instantanés de substitution et différentes longueurs de séquences). Pour chaque ensemble de conditions, nous avons évalué (i) l'applicabilité du modèle GTR et (ii) la qualité des alignements obtenus à partir des données simulées. Nos résultats indiquent que l'inapplicabilité de la procédure de Waddell and Steel [1997] peut effectivement être considérée comme un problème pratique car elle apparaît avant les difficultés d'alignement (étape nécessaire et préalable à toute inférence phylogénétique). La probabilité de cette inapplicabilité dépend du taux de substitution et de la taille des données.

No description available.

Multi band technology helps in getting multiple operating frequencies using a single microwave device. This thesis presents the design of dual and tri band microwave devices using coupled transmission line structures. Chapter 2 presents the design of a novel dual band transmission line structure using coupled lines. In chapter 3, Design of a dual band branch line coupler and a dual band Wilkinson power divider are proposed using the novel dual band transmission line structure presented in the previous chapter. In chapter 4, Design of a tri band transmission line structure by extending the dual band structure is presented. The Conclusion and future work are presented in chapter 5.

La consommation est désormais élargie à toutes les phases et comprend le tri des déchets. Les explications avancées jusqu’ici sur la performance du tri sont insatisfaisantes. Le tri des déchets présente deux spécificités : il est porté par la famille (et non l’individu) et ses modalités sont imposées par les Pouvoirs Publics. Ce travail est ancré dans la théorie de la pratique sociale qui permet l’étude d’une routine de consommation à l’intersection entre les niveaux micro- et macro-sociaux. L’objet de cette recherche est de mettre en évidence la construction de la pratique sociale du tri des déchets dans les familles. La démarche méthodologique est qualitative, basée sur des observations participantes, des entretiens semi-directifs et des mimes. Les résultats mettent en évidence (1) la structure de la pratique organisée selon les faires, les objets et les engagements ; (2) les liens qui unissent ces éléments au travers des processus d’appropriation, de réalisation et de renforcement et (3) la dynamique de la pratique, par laquelle les familles entrent dans celle-ci. La contribution majeure de ce travail réside en l’apport d’un cadre théorique permettant la compréhension à l’échelle familiale du processus de construction de la pratique sociale du tri à l’échelle de la société. / Today, consumption is enlarged to all stages and includes recycling. Explanations on performance given so far still remain unsatisfying. Two specificities characterize recycling : it is supported by the family (and not the individual) and its rules are imposed by public policies. This research is anchored in social practice theory that allows the study of a consumption routine at the crossroads between micro- and macro-social levels. The aim of this research is to highlight the building up of recycling’s social practice in families. The methodology is qualitative, based on participant observations, semi-structured interviews and mimes. Results highlight : (1) practice structure organized around doings, objects and engagement ; (2) links unifying those elements through appropriation, realisation and reinforcement and (3) practice dynamic, that allows families involvement into it. The main contribution of this work relies on the understanding of the building process at a familial level of the recycling practice at a societal level.