This research aims to assess the degree of compliance of |Jornal Nacional| TV News, with the requirements of plurality ensured in the document |Editorial Principles of Globo Organizations|, on the cover of the preparations for the FIFA World Cup and Confederations Cup events. The work is divided into two parts: In the first, it is discussed the concept of plurality in journalism; how this value is related to the pluralist model of democratic theories; in which political circumstances this requirement of the journalistic activity helps to legitimize the journalism as a mediation forum of antagonistics and various positions. In parallel, we identified the editorial guidance document of |Rede Globo| Network as a tool for accountability processes, which enables the monitoring of journalistic content on the part of users, in order to check if the company delivers what ensures produce. The oriented devices to charge the journalistic processes for advertising and responsability of those who produce a public service are understood as a way of strengthening the producer-audience relationship, which competes for the extension of the social responsibility´s activity. In the second part, it´s presented the evaluation of plurality, in which was employed a methodology, developed in the framework of |Program of Research on Quality, Innovation and Technology Applied to Journalism| (Qualijor), which evaluated two aspects of the company: the editorial principles document of Globo Organizations; And the coverage of Jornal Nacional| TV News on the preparations of the mentioned events, with regard to compliance with the requirements for a plural coverage: 1) media autonomy in relation to the parties; 2) debate accessibility by agents potentially involved and 3) balance in the involved participation. The |Rede Globo| Network, as a FIFA´s partner and promoter of the World Cup, hosts the debate about the event in its TV News, but it is also interested party, setting up as well, a situation of conflict of interest that puts into question the basic condition for promotion of a plural coverage, contradicting guarantees provided in its document. In this scenario, this search looks for signs of asymmetry between what is guaranteed and what, in fact, is offered by the journalism of the broadcaster in relation to the plurality; suggesting as well, the increase in the debate on supervision mechanisms of journalistic content, in reason of the quality desired by its producers. / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo avaliar o grau de conformidade da cobertura do Jornal Nacional com requisitos de pluralidade, assegurados tanto no documento Princípios Editoriais das Organizações Globo, quanto no referencial teórico proposto. A temática da cobertura observada consistiu nos preparativos para os eventos Copa do Mundo e Copa das Confederações. O trabalho está dividido em duas partes: na primeira é discutida a noção de pluralidade no jornalismo; como este valor está relacionado com o modelo pluralista das teorias democráticas; em qual conjuntura política esta exigência da atividade jornalística ajuda a legitimar o jornalismo como fórum de mediação de posicionamentos diversos e antagônicos. Em paralelo, identificamos o documento de orientação editorial da Rede Globo como possível ferramenta de accountability, que possibilita a fiscalização do conteúdo jornalístico por parte dos usuários, de modo a verificar se a empresa entrega aquilo que assegura produzir. Os dispositivos orientados para cobrar publicidade dos processos jornalísticos e responsabilização dos que produzem um serviço de natureza pública são entendidos como uma via de fortalecimento da relação produtor-usuário, que concorre para ampliação da responsabilidade social da atividade. Na segunda parte, é apresentada a avaliação da pluralidade, na qual foi empregada uma metodologia, desenvolvida no âmbito do Programa de Pesquisa em Qualidade, Inovação e Tecnologia Aplicadas ao Jornalismo (Qualijor), que avaliou dois aspectos da empresa: o documento de princípios editoriais da Globo; e a cobertura do Jornal Nacional sobre os preparativos dos eventos citados, no tocante ao respeito aos requisitos para uma cobertura plural: 1) autonomia do veículo em relação às partes envolvidas na cobertura; 2) acessibilidade ao debate pelos agentes potencialmente envolvidos e 3) equilíbrio na participação dos envolvidos. Foram analisadas 84 matérias, veiculadas entre 15/06/2012 e 15/06/2013. A Rede Globo, enquanto parceira da FIFA e promotora da realização da Copa do Mundo, sedia o debate sobre o evento em seu telejornal, mas é também parte interessada, configurando assim uma situação de conflito de interesse que põe em xeque a condição elementar para promoção de uma cobertura plural, contradizendo garantias previstas em seu documento. Neste cenário, a pesquisa apura indícios de assimetria entre o que é prometido e o que, de fato, é oferecido pelo jornalismo da emissora no tocante à pluralidade, sugerindo assim, a ampliação no debate sobre mecanismos de fiscalização do conteúdo jornalístico em razão da qualidade pretendida por seus produtores.

Cette recherche a pour objectif de comprendre le rôle des chaînes internationales d’information à l’ère de la mondialisation : la tension et l’harmonisation entre l’objectif de diplomatie publique de la chaîne internationale d’information et les principes journalistiques ; le rôle des chaînes internationales d’information pour l’espace public global dans le monde « trans-nationalisé ». Afin de répondre à ces questions, dans une perspective constructiviste, nous avons analysé les missions annoncées par les chaînes sélectionnées (CNN International, France 24, BBC World News, NHK World TV, Arirang TV et Al-Jazeera English) puis leur contenu réel : la programmation et le contenu journalistique. Les résultats d’analyse nous démontrent que les chaînes considèrent et réalisent implicitement leur rôle de diplomate public et soulignent explicitement les principes journalistiques. Enfin, nous avons trouvé que les chaînes internationales d’information fonctionnent comme une infrastructure de communication internationale, en réalisant un double objectif et une double identité à cause du croisement de deux acteurs principaux concernés au sein de la chaîne internationale d’information : le gouvernement et les professionnels du journalisme. De plus, les efforts qui peuvent montrer « l’objectivité » et « le respect des principes journalistiques » des chaînes internationales conduisent ces dernières à jouer un rôle dans la sphère publique internationale, notamment grâce aux émissions participatives et interactives, ainsi que par les dispositifs d’interaction et de discussion. / This research aims to understand the role of international 24-hour TV news channels in the era of globalization: the tension and balance between the role of the international news channel for public diplomacy and the respect for journalistic principles; the role of international news channels for the global public space in the transnationalised world. In order to answer these questions, we analysed their missions announced by the selected channels (CNN International, France 24, BBC World News, NHK World TV, Arirang TV and Al-Jazeera English) and their media content with a constructivist perspective. The results show that the channels implicitly realize their role for public diplomacy and explicitly emphasize the journalistic principles. Finally, we found that international news channels work as an international communications infrastructure phenomenally with dual goal and a dual identity. In addition, the result shows that the international 24-hour TV news channels try to play a role as international public sphere through participatory and interactive programs.

本研究以中天新聞台作為台灣電視新聞頻道國際新聞節目製播策略的初探性研究個案，以內容分析法分析其國際新聞節目「文茜的世界周報」的節目內容規劃與呈現，並深度訪談中天電視台製播部視覺中心經理、新聞部節目專案中心主任及撰述委員，探究節目的定位與角色、人員及資源配置暨節目製播流程、製作技巧與創意及節目未來規劃願景。進一步訪問三位產學界的專家學者，了解理想國際新聞節目應具備的條件、國際新聞節目製播困境與突破的方法，同時針對「文茜的世界周報」製播成效加以評估。 研究發現中天新聞台政策性支持「文茜的世界周報」製播，節目由獨立運作的節目專案中心負責製作，因此享有的人力與資源相較其它新聞台豐富。節目從命名、片頭配樂、場景與鏡面設計皆突顯主持人強烈的個人風格，分析性與故事性的文稿，成為節目的定位與特色。未來規劃開發新的題材與議題，同時深化新聞專題的深度與廣度，以提升觀眾對國際情勢的了解。 根據內容分析結果顯示，報導區域以中國大陸最多，其次是歐盟、北美、東南亞與東北亞。報導主題以經濟新聞與政治新聞最多，其次為社會和文教新聞。陳述類型則以純淨新聞與新聞訊息彙整的新聞提要為主。 產學界專家學者則認為理想的國際新聞節目應提供文化與地理接近性的新聞議題，並培養本地記者實地採訪，賦予國際新聞在地觀點，深入解析事件脈絡與意涵。然而國際新聞節目製播往往受限於收視率壓力，故電視台經營者應調整國際新聞長期被邊緣化的角色，並尋求企業界支持贊助節目製播經費，製作量質兼具的國際新聞。最後，產學界專家學者認為「文茜的世界周報」節目風格鮮明，可增加觀眾對國際新聞的興趣，但主持人與撰述記者的個人詮釋框架，應維持新聞公正客觀，硬性與軟性新聞應各佔一定的比例，亦可試圖將硬性新聞與觀眾生活連結，達到雅俗共賞的目標。 / This case study on CTITV is to investigate the international news program production strategies of 24-7 news channels in Taiwan. Based on the content analysis and the in-depth interview with the visual design manager, the special programming center director and the reporter in CTITV, we explored the orientation and function of the program, “Sisy’s World News”, the allocation of the personnel and resources, the production process, the news production techniques and creativity, and the vision of the development of this program. Moreover, we interviewed three professionals and practitioners in journalism so as to elaborate the elements of the ideal international news program, the alternatives for the predicament of international news production and the evaluation on “Sisy’s World News”. The result of the study discovered that CTITV has been supportive to its international news production. Hence, the international news program, “Sisy’s World News”, is independently operated by the special programming center which capitalizes the comparatively rich personnel and resources of international news. This international news program has been distinguished from its name, insightful news scripts, audio and visual presentations which comprehensively manifest the host’s unique personal style. In the future, the director and the reporters are going to enrich the contents and topics to broaden the audience’s horizons. According to the result of content analysis, the program focused on Mainland China, European Union, North America, Southeast Asia and Northeast Asia. The theme was mostly related to business, politics, society, culture and education. Straight news and the news headlines which summarized the weekly news from the international press were the primary approaches of the presentation. The professionals indicated that the ideal international news program should provide the issues with cultural and geographical proximity for the audience. More importantly, the reporters should get more chances covering the news in person to interpret the news by their own observations and perspectives. However, rating is always the restriction of the international news production. The administrators should break the myth of rating and find more budget supporters for the better quantity and quality of the international news programs. Additionally, the proportion of the hard and soft news should be near equal. The host and the reporters in “Sisy’s World News” should be objective and cautious about the interpretations of the news and try to make the hard news relevant and interesting to the audience as well.