While the importance of knowledge creation and management has been widely recognised as vital to an organisation's ongoing competitiveness and success since the 1990s, there has been little systematic study of knowledge creation and transfer processes in organisations. Much of what has been reported in the literature is anecdotal in nature. Particularly lacking is research within an international context, exploring issues related to the transfer of knowledge across countries and culture. It is proposed that there is a need for theory building research in the area of knowledge transfer. Given the complex and social nature of knowledge, a qualitative approach to undertaking this research was adopted. The study is an inductive, theory-building case study in relation to a multinational company. In summary, this study evaluated the effectiveness of a best practice knowledge management program in achieving knowledge transfer in sales and marketing practices throughout the markets of Europe, Middle East, Africa and Latin America. It considered the methods by which knowledge was transferred and their relative effectiveness, and those factors which may have mediated or limited the knowledge transfer processes. The research was undertaken by the company's Knowledge Manager who had created the best-practice knowledge transfer program. The implications of this situation on the study's validity and reliability are discussed, and were taken into account in the design of the questionnaire and in the analysis of all findings. The case study site was a European-based, global travel technology company. The principal data-gathering method was a structured interview conducted by telephone with senior staff from within 28 European and Latin American markets. In total, 31 interviews were undertaken. This broad-ranging interview method gathered information and feedback on the processes used for identifying and distributing best practices in sales and marketing. The interview data were supplemented by feedback questionnaires from best practice forums, intranet usage statistics, observations from best practice forums and from interviews with staff in the central organisation. While there was evidence that knowledge transfer had occurred, the results of the study highlighted the difficulties in effectively measuring the knowledge transfer process. It is the researcher's view that clear and visible measures of knowledge transfer are not universal or even generic, but rather are to be discerned in a range of indicators across actions, behaviours, attitudes and outcomes in culture-specific settings. A time based knowledge measurement model was developed to assist in this regard. Other major outcomes from the research included: * The confirmation of the critical importance of face-to-face communication mechanisms for knowledge transfer to result in knowledge uptake. * The identification of the role of technology as an enabler of communication and distribution of knowledge, but not as a driver for action or knowledge uptake. * The recognition of the relationship between the broad factors impacting on knowledge transfer such as organisational factors, external environment and individual characteristics, in a complex and non-linear manner, suggesting that knowledge transfer is a multi-factorial process involving interacting variables to an extent greater than generally accepted hitherto. A tool for use within organisational settings has been developed in this regard. * The identification of the interplay between different individual specific characteristics or factors such as personal experience of change, experience of working in a different cultural context, ego/personality, and credibility of the person transmitting the practice which influence the decision to adopt or not adopt a practice from another market. * The identification of the need for cultural similarity and high levels of homogeneity, in terms of market maturity, market size and competitive position for practices to transfer more often between countries. * The recognition that many factors operate to influence and shape the knowledge or indeed to block the transfer of practices between countries, with resistance to other practices possibly relating to an individual's need for the application of creativity, personal ownership and control. Additionally, the researcher observed that much of the language within the existing literature describing those factors which block or limit knowledge transfer is negatively framed. The researcher believes that a change in attitude about the positive influence of an individual's filtering processes, together with a change in organisational language describing resistance to knowledge transfer, would yield a positive impact on individuals' attitudes and behaviour with regard to knowledge transfer. Several areas for further research as a result of the study were identified and include individual factors such as cultural characteristics, motivation, personality and adult learning styles. Additionally, a more detailed examination and understanding of the impact of organisational factors such as leadership and generational gaps on knowledge transfer would be of significant value to the body of knowledge.

Disputats, Norrköping : Linköpings universitet, 2008. / Serien udg. af: Nationella forskarskolan i naturvetenskapernas och teknikens didaktik. Med litteraturhenvisninger.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The thesis is a conceptual analysis of the concept of tacit knowledge. The analysis consist of comparing the function of the concept of tacit knowledge in a number of selected theories from its origin in the philosophy of Michael Polanyi, through its introduction to organisation theory and its eventual application in knowledge management theory. Inthe work of Michael Polanyi the concept of tacit knowledge functions as the logical structure underlying all forms of knowledge. In terms of Polanyi tacit and explicit knowledge are not two separable phenomena, because all knowledge is rooted in the act of tacit integration. Ikujiro Nonaka adapted Polanyi's epistemology and within his framework the concept of tacit knowledge signifies the unstructured subjective realm that is the wellspring of individual creativity. Nonaka asserts firstly, that the phenomenon of tacit knowledge is a knowledge content that is distinct from explicit knowledge content and secondly, that it is possible to convert the one type of knowledge into the other. Nonaka's model includes a spiral process of interaction in which tacit knowledge is converted into explicit knowledge and back into tacit knowledge again. The last chapter relates the conclusions reached upon the comparison of the function of the concept in the theories of Nonaka and Polanyi, with its reception in knowledge management theory. It is argued that in knowledge management the concept of tacit knowledge denotes knowledge content that cannot be communicated as information. It is also shown how Nonaka' s model was integrated into a sender receiver model of communication, thus incorporating it into the information processing paradigm. It is furthermore conjectured that the concept of tacit knowledge forms part of an attempt to bridge an epistemological gap facing the discourse on organisational knowledge. Lastly, it is concluded that it appears to be impossible to use the concept of tacit knowledge to overcome this epistemological problem, without an ontological shift away from the information processing paradigm. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die tesis is 'n konseptuele analise van die konsep van implisiete ('tacit') kennis. Die analise bestaan uit 'n vergelyking van die funksie van die konsep van implisiete kennis in 'n aantal geselekteerde teorieë, van die oorsprong van die term in die filosofie van Michael Polanyi, deur die aanpassing van die konsep in organisasie teorie, tot die toepassing daarvan in kennisbestuursteorie. In die werk van Polanyi funksioneer die konsep as die logiese struktuur wat die onderbou van alle vorme van kennis is. In terme van Polanyi is implisiete en eksplisiete kennis nie twee aparte fenomene nie, want alle kennis is gewortel in die askie van implisiete integrasie. Ikujiro Nonaka het Polanyi se epistemologie aangepas en binne sy raamwerk funksioneer die begrip as 'n beskrywing van die ongestruktureerde subjektiewe domein wat die bron van individuele kreatiwiteit is. Volgens Nonaka is die fenomeen van implisiete kennis eerstens 'n kennisinhoud wat onderskeibaar is van eksplisiete kennisinhoud, en tweedens dat dit moontlik is om die een soort kennis om te skakel in die ander en omgekeerd. Nonaka se model sluit 'n spiral-proses van interaksie in waarin implisiete kennis omgeskakel word na eksplisiete kennis en weer terug in implisiete kennis. Die laaste hoofstuk belig die ontvangs van die konsep van implisiete kennis in kennisbestuursteorie teen die agtergrond van die vergelyking van die funksionering van die konsep in die teorieë van Polanyi en Nonaka. Daar word geargumenteer dat in kennisbestuursteorie die konsep verwys na kennisinhoud wat nie geredelik omgeskakel kan word na informasie en dus gekommunikeer kan word nie. Daar word getoon hoe Nonaka se model met 'n sender-ontvanger kommunikasie-model geïntegreer word en dus geïnkorporeer word in die informasie prossesseringsparadigma. Verder word gespekuleer dat die konsep gebruik word in 'n poging om 'n epistemologiese gaping in die diskoers rondom organisatoriese kennis te oorbrug. Laastens is die slotsom dat dit blyk onmoontlik te wees om die konsep van implisiete kennis te gebruik om die epistemologiese probleem op te los, sonder 'n fundamentele ontologiese skuif weg vanaf die informasie prossesseringsparadigma.

Knowledge and management of that knowledge have been a corner-stone for many enterprises. Creation, dissemination and preservation of knowledge is a difficult task for many organizations. This study identified knowledge transfer mechanism in a start-up company by providing a detail review of existing methods and key challenges associated with current methods. The aim of the study was to provide a comprehensive starting-point for the case company while implementing knowledge transfer mechanism within teams from different departments. This was accomplished by constructing a knowledge transfer framework for the case company. This study also scrutinized several dozens of articles and journals on knowledge transfer topic to get a better overview of existing KT processes and practices. A research gap was found in the context of knowledge transfer phenomena at SME’s and start-up companies. This study shades light on knowledge transfer mechanism and its compatibility with a start-up company. A qualitative single case study was conducted. All empirical data was collected via interviews and observations at a start-up automobile company in Lund (Sweden). Our study contributes to knowledge management literature, by emphasizing vast differences between implementing knowledge transfer activities between MNCs and SMEs or start-up companies.

164 f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-29T15:17:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Braulito Perazzo.pdf: 1818607 bytes, checksum: ffbd7f1eb15b98cbdbee75287ff9f0c8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora Lopes(silopes@ufba.br) on 2013-06-10T17:20:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Braulito Perazzo.pdf: 1818607 bytes, checksum: ffbd7f1eb15b98cbdbee75287ff9f0c8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-10T17:20:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Braulito Perazzo.pdf: 1818607 bytes, checksum: ffbd7f1eb15b98cbdbee75287ff9f0c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Partindo do pressuposto, sustentado pelo pensamento de Michael Polanyi, de que o conhecimento se constitui das dimensões tácita e explícita, nesta dissertação desenvolve-se uma análise conceitual e discursiva do programa curricular do curso de medicina da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB) em busca de manifestações do conhecimento tácito nas estratégias de ensino. Tal estratégia de ensino está amplamente baseada em uma metodologia denominada Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (ABP), que vem representando uma mudança paradigmática no Ensino Médio e na Educação Profissional em Saúde, em resposta às significativas limitações observadas nas formas tradicionais e unilaterais de transmissão do conhecimento. O referencial teórico da presente dissertação ancorou-se não apenas nos conceitos de socialização e da convivialidade desenvolvidos mais propriamente na obra Personal Knowledge de Michael Polanyi, como também no modelo de conversão do conhecimento, proposto por Nonaka e Takeuchi, intérpretes de Polanyi e teóricos da gestão organizacional . Neste sentido, buscou-se identificar nas dinâmicas dos módulos tutoriais temáticos do programa curricular do tipo ABP do curso de medicina da UESB, as instâncias onde o conhecimento tácito se manifesta e onde se verificam suas conversões. Portanto, a análise da qual essa dissertação é relato, logrou evidenciar mais especificamente, as similitudes existentes entre os princípios epistemológicos da ABP com os postulados de Polanyi e Nonaka e de Takeuchi. Pode-se observar que tal similaridade encontra-se refletida, principalmente, na abordagem sócio-prática desse modelo de ensino e aprendizagem, que se traduz como uma via essencial dos saberes tácitos. Conclui-se a dissertação sugerindo a possibilidade de se instaurar na práxis pedagógica do curso de Medicina da UESB, a abordagem do conhecimento tácito e suas instâncias, como mais um instrumento de enriquecimento epistemológico no contexto da formação dos futuros médicos. Reafirmou-se ainda, a importância de se adotar novas estratégias de ensino que venham privilegiar o conhecimento na sua forma integral, demandando para isto, estabelecer novas relações entre os atores sociais desse processo. Em outras palavras, buscou-se a identificação nas atividades de convivialidade e compartilhamento de experiências, momentos onde se verificam as formas de explicitação do conhecimento tácito. / Salvador

Submitted by Seiji Fetter (seijifetter@gmail.com) on 2012-03-25T15:05:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 seijikf dissertacao final.pdf: 455320 bytes, checksum: 36d1a9b7fd17769fb9a735a6e3ef4c8c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel (gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2012-03-26T12:40:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 seijikf dissertacao final.pdf: 455320 bytes, checksum: 36d1a9b7fd17769fb9a735a6e3ef4c8c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-03-26T12:55:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 seijikf dissertacao final.pdf: 455320 bytes, checksum: 36d1a9b7fd17769fb9a735a6e3ef4c8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-05 / Modelos teóricos de colusão tácita podem fornecer predições sobre preços ou outras variáveis estratégicas que permitam a detecção de conduta anticompetitiva. Esses marcadores de colusão geram hipóteses testáveis sobre o comportamento cíclico dos preços, sua dispersão entre concorrentes e sua variabilidade temporal. Utilizando dados municipais mensais para preços e custos da gasolina, regressões de painel dinâmico em forma reduzida são realizadas para averiguar a aderência empírica desses marcadores. Os efeitos são identificados comparando com 10 municípios que tiveram cartéis operando no varejo de combustíveis. Os resultados corroboraram as predições de preços anticíclicos e redução da dispersão dos preços, ainda que com ressalvas. Porém, não se encontrou evidências de aumento de volatilidade nos preços induzidos por choques adversos de demanda, que pretende capturar uma maior frequência de guerras de preços. A redução da volatilidade dos preços é parcialmente confirmada. / Theoretic models of tacit collusion may offer predictions over prices or other strategic variables that allow for the detection of anticompetitive conduct. These collusion markers generate testable implications on the cyclical movement of prices, its dispersion and its time series variability. Using municipal monthly data of gasoline prices and costs, reduced-form dynamic panel regressions are employed to assess the empirical adherence of these markers. The effects are identified through comparison against 10 municipalities, which exhibited episodes of cartelization. The results point to some evidence of countercyclical pricing and price dispersion reduction. However, no evidence if found for price wars, measured through increased price volatility due to adverse demand shocks. The prediction of price volatility reduction is partially sustained.

Au cours des dix dernières années, la formation en travail social a subi de profondes mutations en raison des nouvelles références engendrées par le processus de Bologne. En Suisse, ces transformations répondent à une politique de valorisation de la formation professionnelle, d’adaptation des contenus de formation aux besoins des milieux économiqueset d’ouverture à la mobilité internationale. Ainsi, la création des Hautes écoles spécialisées (HES) a pour ambition de répondre aux besoins des pratiques professionnelles via des missions de haut niveau dans les domaines de l’enseignement, de la recherche et des prestations de service. Depuis la mise en place du bachelor dans les HES, la multiplication des échelons de formation débouche sur une nouvelle hiérarchisation des professions dans lechamp de l’intervention sociale et entraîne le risque d’un morcellement de l’agir professionnel.Notre projet de thèse s’inscrit de fait dans le cadre de ces transformations majeures en mettant l’accent primo sur les contenus de formation à dispenser dans une université des métiers dont la mission première est de répondre aux besoins du marché de l’emploi et secundo sur l’articulation entre connaissances et acquisition d’un savoir-faire tenu par les pratiques professionnelles, dans une perspective de formalisation des savoirs incorporés, de leursmodalités et de leurs limites; ce qui constitue, de notre point de vue, la préoccupation majeure de la formation professionnelle de niveau universitaire. Sur un plan concret, notre questionnement porte sur l’agir d’éducateurs sociaux en prise avec des situations au quotidien qui rendent compte de la complexité de l’agir où se mêlent les aspects institutionnels, professionnels et personnels. Après avoir porté notre attention sur la dialectique entre contrôle social et développement de la personne, nous avons cherché à saisir les incidences de tels positionnements dans l’accompagnement de jeunes placés en foyer. L’analyse du matériel empirique constitue la part centrale de la thèse, nous explorons trois situations professionnelles à partir de méthodes indirectes pour accéder au réel de l’activité etmettre ainsi en lisibilité la complexité de l’agir. Nous avons tout particulièrement cherché à tenir une cohérence entre l’épistémologie de la clinique de l’activité et la construction méthodologique de notre démarche - pour saisir les dimensions clés de l’agir à partir des situations dans lesquelles sont engagés les éducateurs, puis, les enrichir d’apports théoriques. [...] / During the last ten years education for social work underwent deep changes due to the new references generated by the Bologna process. In Switzerland, these transformations are answers to a policy of valuation of the professionaleducation and of the adaptation of contents to the needs of economic circles and to the need to increase international mobility. Thus, the creation of the High Specialised Schools (HSS) convey the ambition to answer the needs of profesional practices through high level missions in the domains of education, research and service performance. Since the implementation of the bachelor system in the HSS, the multiplication of education levels results in a newhierarchical organization of the professions in the field of social intervention and entails the risk of a division of the professional acting. Our thesis project hence joins these major transformations by empahsyzing, primo, the contents of curricula to be given in a university of professions - the first mission of which is to answer the needs of the employment market - and, secundo, the joining of tacit skills and acquisition of know-how belonging to the professional practices, in a perspective of formalization of the incorporated knowledge, of its modalities and its limits, which, from our standpoint, constitutes the major concern of the profesional education at the university level. Concretely, our investigation is about the acting of social educators who are involved in situations allowing the apprehension of the complexity of these situations where institutional, profesional and personal elements are interfused in daily actions. Having paid attention to thedialectics between social control and development of the person, we have tried to understand the consequences of such positions in the accompanying of the youths placed in a shelter. The analysis of the empirical data is the core of the thesis. Starting from indirect methods, we explore three profesional situations in order to reach the hart of the activity and, thus, allow the readability of the action’s complexity. Taking into account situations wherein the educators are involved, then, enriching them by theoretical contributions, we have particularly seeked to maintain a coherence between the epistemology of the clinical approach to activity and the methodological building of our approach, in order to grasp the key dimensions of the acting. [...]

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:30:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lilian Aparecida Pasquini Miguel.pdf: 4964194 bytes, checksum: b1b7bf65d7d6f6f2bc2e7f87f0470750 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-22 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / This case study, oriented by Merriam (1998) view, was elaborated aiming to understand how signs are manifested as mediators in the tacit knowledge sharing process, among members of a cooperative organization, based on the theoretical articulation of: (a) the principles postulated by Polanyi (1962; 1966) about the tacit knowledge, whose view defends the ineffability of this kind of knowledge, (b) Peirce´s ([1931-1958] 2000) semiotic theory, for whom signs are a representation of something for someone (p.46), implying that everything in the world is a sign, and (c) the entente about the Sociology of Knowledge, of Berger and Luckmann (1996), proposing a reality created upon our daily life, through our social interaction, which evokes (d) the integrating symbolic interactionist view offered by Charon (2009). The case was a cooperative private organization, which primary data were collected by interviews, participative observations, production of still and in movement images, and secondary data, documents provided by the organization, i.e., organization chart, members´ demographic data, information existing in the organization site and promotional brochure. The data diversity demanded a methodological articulation of analysis, inspired on Grounded Theory, proposed by Charmaz (2006), Semiotic Analysis, proposed by Santaella (2002), Still Images Analysis, proposed by Penn (2008), In Movement Analysis, proposed by Rose (2008), and Audio Analysis, proposed by Bauer (2008), regarding to the qualitative data, and the statistical technique of Simple Descriptive Analysis, based on Barbetta (2002), regarding to the quantitative data. The whole effort for organizing and analyzing the data involved the utilization of the software NVivo8. Additional theoretical approaches were incorporated during the process of analysis and interpretation, in order to give a context to the signing content identified in the organization-case, analyzed through a semiotic point of view as an institution, showing a predominance signing representation of the existing tacit knowledge, pertaining to the social historical contexts, in which its members lived during the major part of their lives, which contents are summarized to locate the reader in the analysis. There are three significative contributions in the present study. The first refers to the theoretical articulation, which proposes a process of semiotic perception to the tacit knowledge sharing. Such approach could be corroborated in the field research, which allowed, as the second contribution, the proposal of a theoretical model, which allows to evaluate the organizational evolution based on the tacit knowledge sharing, as well as questioning models that do not consider related historical-social aspects. The third contribution is based on the methodological articulation applied, and refers to this study assumption about the characteristics and signs under which the tacit knowledge can be shared, including the verbal signs. Based on this, the present work perspective proposes that the tacit knowledge sharing occurs through a symbolic, interactionist and institutional way, which makes that the innovative mode depends both on internal and external conditions, involving, however, aspects out of the organizational control. / Este estudo de caso, orientado pela vertente de Merriam (1998) foi realizado com o intuito de compreender como os signos se manifestam como mediadores no compartilhamento do conhecimento tácito entre os membros de uma organização cooperativa, a partir da articulação teórica entre: (a) os princípios postulados por Polanyi (1962; 1966) sobre o conhecimento tácito, cuja visão defende a inefabilidade desse tipo de conhecimento, (b) a teoria semiótica de Peirce ([1931-1958], 2000), para quem os signos são uma representação de "algo para alguém" (p.46), implicando que tudo no mundo é signo, e (c) o tratado sobre a Sociologia do Conhecimento, de Berger e Luckmann (1996), propondo uma realidade produzida em nossa vida cotidiana, em nossa interação social, o que se articula com (d) a visão integracionista do interacionismo simbólico de Charon (2009). Como empresa-caso foi estudada uma organização privada cooperativa, cujos dados primários foram coletados por meio de entrevistas, observações participativas, produção de imagens paradas e imagens em movimento, e dados secundários, documentos fornecidos pela organização pesquisada, ou seja o organograma funcional, dados demográficos de seus membros, informações contidas em seu site, e em prospectos institucionais. A diversidade de dados demandou uma articulação de métodos e técnicas de análise, inspirados nos protocolos metodológicos da Grounded Theory, proposta por Charmaz (2006), na Análise Semiótica, proposta por Santaella (2002), nas propostas de Análises de Imagens Paradas, de Penn (2008) e de Imagens em Movimento, de Rose (2008), e Análise de Áudio, de Bauer (2008), para os dados qualitativos, e a aplicação da técnica estatística de Análise Descritiva Simples, com base em Barbetta (2002) para os dados quantitativos. O esforço de organização e análise dos dados envolveu a utilizado o software NVivo8. Aportes teóricos adicionais foram incorporados durante o processo de análise e interpretação de dados, visando à contextualização do conteúdo sígnico identificado na organização pesquisada, analisada pelo olhar semiótico como uma instituição, que apresentou uma predominância sígnica representativa do conhecimento tácito existente, pertinente aos contextos históricos sociais, em que seus membros viveram durante a maior parte de suas vidas, cujos conteúdos são apresentados de forma resumida, visando localizar o leitor na análise. Este estudo apresenta três contribuições significativas. A primeira diz respeito à sua articulação teórica, que propõe um processo de percepção semiótico do compartilhamento do conhecimento tácito. Tal proposta pode ser corroborada por meio das análises do estudo de campo, dando origem, como segunda contribuição, a um modelo teórico, que permite avaliar a evolução organizacional baseada no compartilhamento do conhecimento tácito, e questionar modelos que não considerem questões histórico-sociais relacionadas. A terceira contribuição foi possibilitada pela articulação metodológica utilizada, e relaciona-se com o posicionamento assumido neste estudo sobre as características e signos em que o conhecimento tácito pode ser compartilhado, incluindo os signos verbais. Com isto, a perspectiva deste trabalho propõe que o compartilhamento do conhecimento tácito ocorre de forma simbólica, interacionista e institucional, fazendo com que seu teor inovativo dependa de condições internas e externas à empresa, envolvendo, porém, questões fora do controle organizacional.

Submitted by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-10-25T13:42:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL.pdf: 989717 bytes, checksum: d93b3657d202cf376c85394e939405be (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-10-25T13:42:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL.pdf: 989717 bytes, checksum: d93b3657d202cf376c85394e939405be (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-10-25T13:42:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL.pdf: 989717 bytes, checksum: d93b3657d202cf376c85394e939405be (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-25T13:42:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL.pdf: 989717 bytes, checksum: d93b3657d202cf376c85394e939405be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Empresas de negócios, que são constantemente pressionados por inovação, têm na criação de conhecimento organizacional a base para a estratégia de sobrevivência. Muito desse conhecimento acumulado é tácito, encarnado em indivíduos e incorporado pela organização, e que é de difícil articulação. A necessária justificativa de um novo conhecimento torna a sua criação um processo muito frágil. Indivíduos podem sentir-se ameaçados em compartilhar insights, intuição, novas ideias, know-how, habilidades específicas, diante de devastadores mecanismos de controle social como ridículo, difamação e opróbrio, ou pela possibilidade de mau uso de um conhecimento útil e valioso. Por outro lado, com a criança logo ao nascer, e derivado do narcisismo primário, emerge a confiança básica que acompanha o indivíduo ao longo de sua existência, e que, portanto, pode levá-lo a compartilhar seus achados. Esta pesquisa, um ensaio teórico, explorou a relação entre a confiança e compartilhamento de conhecimento tácito nas organizações. Com abordagem multidisciplinar, aderente ao pensamento complexo, incorporou referenciais teóricos advindos de trabalhos de neo-schumpeterianos (Teoria Evolucionária), da sociologia e da psicologia. O percurso metodológico contemplou a busca de artigos em base de dados, leitura de resumos de artigos, busca de autores consagrados na literatura, consulta de autores referenciados nos artigos, leitura e análise de trabalhos selecionados. Mediante análise de conteúdo, que busca identificar o que está sendo dito a respeito do tema, foram criadas as seguintes categorias de análise: inovação, poder, teoria de criação de conhecimento organizacional e confiança humana. Cada uma dessas categorias compôs um capítulo desta dissertação. Embora a escassez de pesquisas empíricas relacionadas ao tema, a análise de conteúdo dos artigos examinados permitiram concluir que a confiança interpessoal mantém relação de poder simétrico entre indivíduos e assim é capaz de acessar o conhecimento tácito enraizado na mente de indivíduos. Dessa forma, com a pesquisa aqui apresentada, espera-se ter contribuído para a literatura e práticas organizacionais relacionadas à gestão de conhecimento. Por fim, foram relatadas limitações no trabalho e sugestões para futuras pesquisas. / Business enterprises, which are constantly pressured by innovation, have organizational knowledge creation as the basis for survival strategy. Much of this accumulated knowledge is tacit, embodied in individuals and embedded by the organization, and which is difficult to articulate. The necessary justification of new knowledge makes its creation a very fragile process. Individuals may feel threatened to share insights, intuition, ideas, know-how, specific skills, in front of devastating social control mechanisms such as ridicule, slander and opprobrium, or the possibility of misuse of a useful and valuable knowledge. On the other hand, like the child right after birth, and derived from primary narcissism, there emerges a basic confidence that accompanies the individual throughout his existence and, therefore, may lead him to share his findings. This research, a theoretical essay, explored the relationship between interpersonal trust and sharing of tacit knowledge in organizations. With a multidisciplinary approach, adhering to complex thinking, this research has incorporated theoretical work stemming from neo-schumpeterian (Evolutionary Theory), sociology and psychology. The methodological approach included the search of articles in databases, reading abstracts, search by renowned authors in the literature, consultation of the authors cited in the articles, reading and analysis of selected works. Through content analysis, which seeks to identify what is being said on the subject, the following categories were established: innovation, power, theory of knowledge creation and human trust. Each of these categories has composed a chapter of this dissertation. Despite the paucity of empirical research related to the theme, the content analysis of the articles examined enabled to conclude that interpersonal trust has symmetrical power relationship between individuals and thus is able to access the tacit knowledge rooted in the minds of individuals. Thus, with the research presented here, it is expected to have contributed to the literature and practices related to organizational knowledge management. Finally, it was reported some work limitations and suggestions for future research.

Abstract The research of the thesis is a human- and context-oriented qualitative study in the field of information systems (IS) discipline. The thesis has five research concepts: human resource information systems (HRIS), leadership, human resource management (HRM), tacit knowledge and emotional intelligence (EI). HRIS and leadership are two main concepts of the research, whereas HRM provides an application area and managerial activities of leadership for HRIS. Tacit knowledge and EI, for their part, are used to describe and interpret actions that make good leadership activities human, sensitive and successful. The theoretical framework of the thesis consists of two ideas, 1) when thinking and acting in the current way, what kind of information systems it produces, and 2) when thinking and acting in another way, what kind of information systems it creates. The framework has its base on thinking and acting in a conventional, routine and stereotyped way, which hinders the process of observing, finding out, applying and using alternative thoughts and actions although they might provide useful and innovative solutions or activities for IS design. The research has been carried out and accomplished using hermeneutic phenomenography as a research method to understand, interpret and to describe the phenomenon of the activities of good leadership and the phenomenon of the role of HRIS in the case organizations. As a result of the interviews, the good leaders’ main activity is to learn to know their employees. The essential finding is that the role of HRIS is partly unclear and even non-specific in organizations. The results indicate that the leaders do not use HRIS willingly. In their opinion HRIS do not serve or support their leadership activities. The use of HRIS is more a burden for them than a useful system. The data of HRIS benefits the managerial activities partly but does not benefit the human activities that the leaders have described and emphasized. Thus, a construct of hermeneutic phenomenography has been developed as a contribution to describe the research phenomena and to demonstrate how the role of HRIS could be developed for the activities of good leadership.