Global ETD Search

11	The perception of comfort and fit of personal protective equipment in sport Webster, James January 2010 (has links) During the design of sports equipment, the main focus is usually on physical performance attributes, neglecting key subjective factors such as feel and comfort. The personal protective equipment worn in sport is a typical example, where injury prevention has taken precedence over user comfort, but it is anticipated that with a new approach to the design process, comfort can be improved without sacrificing protection. Using cricket leg guards and taekwondo chest guards as an example, this study aimed to develop a systematic method for assessing user perceptions and incorporating them into the design process. Players perceptions of the factors that influence the comfort of cricket leg guards and taekwondo chest guards were elicited through the use of co-discovery sessions, focus groups and individual interviews, and analysed through an inductive process to produce a comfort model. The relative importance of each different comfort dimension was identified through the use of an online questionnaire utilising the analytical hierarchy process method. Through the combination of these methods, six general dimensions were identified with a weighting regarding the amount to which each one determines a user's perceived comfort. For both cricket and taekwondo, the majority of players ranked Fit as the most important factor affecting comfort. Experimental procedures were developed to objectively test the Fit of cricket leg guards, with regards to batting kinematics, running performance and contact pressure. These methods were combined with subjective assessments of leg guard performance, to determine if there was a relationship between users perceived comfort and objective test results. It was found that shot ROM and performance were not significantly affected by cricket leg guards, despite perceptions of increased restriction whilst wearing certain pads. Wearing cricket leg guards was found to significantly decrease running performance when compared to running without pads (p<0.05). In addition, it was found that the degree of impedance depended on pad design and could not solely be attributed to additional mass. These results correlated with the subjective assessment of three different leg guards, with respondents identifying the pad which had the largest influence on their running biomechanics and impeded their performance the most, as the most restrictive pad. Contact pressure under the pad and straps was also measured for four different leg guards whilst running. The results found that the top strap applied the greatest amount of pressure to the leg, especially at the point of maximum knee flexion. The peak pressure under the top strap was found to reach up to three times that of any other area of the pad. These results were reflected in the subjective assessment of the leg guards, with all nine subjects identifying the top strap as an area of discomfort for certain pads. The results also suggested there was a preference for pads with a larger more consistent contact area, as pad movement was perceived to increase when contact area variation was greater. Finally the results from this research were used to develop a product design specification (PDS) for a cricket leg guard, specifying size, mass, contact pressure and shape. The PDS was used to develop a concept design which would maximise comfort, whilst maintaining protection. 688.7
12	Martial Arts as a coping strategy for aggressive behaviour in young adolescents Roux, Soekie 15 October 2009 (has links) Aggression has many faces in sport. For this reason, it is a complex but fascinating field for studying the nature of aggression. All athletes have to control and channel aggression constructively into skill in their sport in order to sustain optimal performance. The purpose of this research was to study aggression in sport and determine whether aggressive energies can constructively be expressed in the rules of the game and channelled into a powerful and inspiring performance by the athlete. In sport, any type of aggression can transmute into a destructive force that can debilitate and nullify performance. Through this study, the researcher wanted to determine if the participation in Martial Arts can reduce aggression and whether progression in belt rank (beginner, intermediate and advanced) in Martial Arts could cause a gradual decrease in the aggressive behaviour of young adolescents. The researcher also wanted to determine if participation in Martial Arts, other than other types of sports activities (for example, hockey) and those 16 participants absent from any sporting activity, may serve as a deterrent to aggressiveness. A secondary aim was to determine if Martial Arts could be used as a coping strategy for young adolescents to improve their overall mental wellbeing. The core focus of this study is to determine if the participation in Martial Arts (specifically Tae Kwon Do) can reduce aggressive tendencies in young adolescents. The researcher chose Tae Kwon Do from the various Martial Arts styles, because Tae Kwon Do has a very broad combination of traditional components or elements of what any Martial Arts program consist of. It also consists of elements that are incorporated within the program that may have the desired outcome on a participant taking part in such a training program. In Martial Arts, the emphasis is on physical fitness, self-confidence and training in mental control. Most combat activities are usually thought of as providing opportunities for the display of competence and masculinity, the development of self-confidence and a release of tension with the sublimation of aggressive impulses. The term “Martial Arts” will be used throughout this study. The researcher decided on a survey method to carry out this study. Standardised questionnaires were used to determine whether progression in belt rank (beginner, intermediate and advanced) in Martial Arts (group1) could cause a gradual decrease in aggressive behaviour among young adolescents. The results of the analysis of differences between the different levels of Martial Arts showed no statistically significant differences between the levels on all the aggression sub-scales. The personal growth scores, obtained from the responses to the psychological wellbeing questionnaire, were significantly lower for the beginner group than for the other two groups (intermediate and advanced). The results on the psychological wellbeing sub-scales indicated that the personal growth and self-acceptance scores of the Martial Arts group were significantly higher than those of the other two groups (hockey and non-participation). The group that did not participated in any sporting activity, had the lowest scores. Also to be determined was whether Martial Arts could be used as a coping strategy to improve the overall mental health of these adolescents. Copyright / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences / unrestricted Psychological benefits Belt rank Psychological wellbeing Coping strategies Adolescence Aggression Martial arts Tae kwon do Zen Sport psychology UCTD
13	Representative testing of personal protection equipment Walker, P. J. January 2014 (has links) The purpose of the work reported within this thesis was to design and implement a series of tests which better replicate the impact conditions experienced during a game, and allow for quantitative measurements of performance of various items of personal protection equipment (PPE). The sports of cricket and taekwondo were used as case studies. The aim was to improve on existing testing protocols making them more representative of real life, an approach that has not been previously attempted in the literature and so required design of multiple items of novel equipment. A representative cricket impact test was developed utilizing a ball canon firing a cricket ball mass at an equivalent bowling velocity of 31 m/s (70 mph) and a novel, freely suspended force acquisition system with embedded accelerometers from which the transmitted force values could be derived. Throughout the testing secondary variables of coefficient of restitution (COR), deformation and contact time were measured from high speed video footage to give further insight into the impact mechanics of the three tested leg guards. Contact times were in the range of 3 ms - 4 ms, COR between 0.38 - 0.50 and deformation between 45 mm - 52 mm. These results were compared against other benchmark tests to establish how close the representative test was to an actual human related ball-pad impact and to estimate human tolerance levels to impact. A rig to mimic a human on human kicking impact in taekwondo was designed to measure performance of the piece of body protection equipment used in training and competition, commonly referred to as a hogu. Primarily a mechanical simulator was designed to replicate the speed and mass of a human leg impacting during a roundhouse kick. A force acquisition system was manufactured, capable of integrating with the kicking robot functioning, with a human torso sized and shaped anvil, using a similar accelerometer based system of force measurement as that introduced in the cricket testing. This test was then used to measure performance levels of nine off-the-shelf hogus and protective training pads. Using transmitted peak force and time to peak force (TTPF) as indicators of protection, these values were found to range from between 0.5 kN 7.5 kN and 9 ms - 23 ms across the pads indicating a major difference in the protection provided. 620.8
14	Untersuchung auf Aggressionswerte unter Berücksichtigung soziologischer und sportpädagogischer Aspekte in Kampfstilen mit Trefferwirkung Hoffmann, Holger 07 February 2007 (has links) In der hier vorliegenden Studie wurde ein bisher noch nicht beachteter Teil der Sportwissenschaften untersucht. Nach einer umfassenden Literaturrecherche und qualitativen Interviews wurden im Zeitraum von 2005 bis 2006 von über 500 Kampfstilschülern - und Trainern Aggressionswerte sowie sportpädagogisch und -soziologisch relevante Fakten erhoben. Hierbei wurden bewusst solche Personen befragt, die Stile mit überdurchschnittlich hartem Trefferkontakt trainieren. Neben Muay Thai, Freefight und Eskrima unter anderem Krav Maga Maar, Kyushinkai Karate und Grappling. Neben der Schaffung eines umfassenden Grundlagenmaterials zu Themen wie Herkunft, Alter, Bildung, und persönlichen Interessen werden Trainingsgewohnheiten ausgewertet und Beziehungen zu folgenden Faktoren hergestellt: Spontane Aggression, Reaktive Aggression, Summenaggression, Aggressionshemmung, Erregbarkeit und Offenheit. Zur Erfassung der genannten Faktoren wurde der FAF-Test verwendet. Neben einer überdurchschnittlichen Bildung, und im allgemeinen sehr geringen Aggressionswerten konnten auch Tendenzen festgestellt werden, nachdem einige Schüler ihr erlernten Techniken für gezielte Aggressionen außerhalb des Trainings nutzen. Weitere unerwartete Ergebnisse fanden sich unter anderem in den unterschiedlichen Einschätzungen von Trainern und ihren Schülern im Bezug auf deren pädagogischen Einfluss jenseits des Techniktrainings. / The aim of this study is to investigate a field of physical education which has been ignored up to now. After a literature review and a qualitative interview analyses more than 500 martial arts coaches and students have been asked from 2005 to 2006 to collect aggressiveness values and different sports pedagogy and -sociologic relevant data .The study was targeted at "hard -style" martial arts such as Muay Thai, Freefight, Escrima, Krav Maga Maar, Kyushinkai Karate and Grappling. One of the aims was to collect substructal data such as social background, age, education and hobbies. The training data was evaluated and related to the following factors using the FAF Test: Spontaneous Aggression, Reactive Aggression, Aggressionsum, Aggression Escapement, Impulsiveness and Openness. Beside an above-average education and in general low aggressiveness factors the results of the study were a tendency towards the utilisation of martial arts techniques for violent behaviour outside the dojo. Further results include different ratings in the effectiveness of the pedagogical impact of teacher on their students. Kampfsport Kampkunst Sport Aggression Summenaggression reaktive Aggression spontane Aggression Aggressionshemmung FAF Freiburger Aggressiviätsinventar Sportpädagogik Sportpsychologie Karate Eskrima Tae Kwon Do Arnis Thaiboxen Kickboxen Selbstverteidigung Kali Streetfight Ninjutsu Dissertation martial arts combat sports aggression faf sportpedagogy sports physical education Karate Escrima Tae Kwon Do Arnis Thaiboxing Kickboxing selfdefense Kali Streetfight Ninjutsu 796 Sport 50 Sport, Spiele ZX 7100 ZX 7150 ZY 4409 ddc:796

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