published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

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published_or_final_version / Sports Science / Master / Master of Science in Sports Science

One in seven women will develop breast cancer. Most will suffer medically and psychologically from the disease. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) interventions such as tai chi and spiritual growth groups have proven to be beneficial for this population, however, many questions remain regarding the mechanisms of action in these techniques. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychosocial effects and mechanisms of two 10-week interventions (tai chi and spiritual growth groups) within the context of a larger randomized, controlled NCI-funded study (R01 CA114718, Nancy McCain, PI) in women recently diagnosed with breast cancer. The present study evaluated dispositional predictors (optimism, attentional style, emotional intelligence) as well as the effects of these interventions on measures of mood, coping, and quality of life (QOL) in a subsample of 40 women enrolled in the larger study. Participants were primarily Caucasian (73%) with a mean age of 49 years. Data were collected just prior to beginning chemotherapy when the interventions began, and again 10 weeks later. Twenty-nine participants completed the interventions and had both time 1 and time 2 data. There were 15 women in the tai chi group, 6 in the spiritual growth group, and 8 in the control group. Results from this subsample revealed differential effects of the interventions on total mood disturbance, depressive symptoms and QOL. Optimism was a significant predictor of TNF-α levels, monitoring was a significant predictor of changes in anxiety and QOL, and emotional intelligence was a significant predictor of changes in QOL. These findings give promise to future studies aimed at cross-validating with a larger sample. This research could potentially guide the treatment of women with breast cancer by providing enhanced understanding of how tai chi and spiritual growth groups affect this population psychologically, behaviorally, and biologically.

Title: The effect of selected exercise trends activating core stability system in dialysed patients - overview of the literature. Objective: Objective of this diploma thesis was to obtain and compare available studies dealing with exercise trends such as yoga, pilates, tai chi and balance training devices and to evaluate their effect on core stability system of dialysed patients. Methods: This diploma thesis has descriptively-analytical character and is structured in a form of literary review. Results: Issue of dialysis in connection with core stability system has not been sufficiently explored yet in literary sources. In conclusion, there were no studies found dealing with effects of particular exercise trends on core stability system of dialysed patients. In order to comprehend this issue an overview was written to define the effect of such trends on dialysed patients. Also, complications arising from renal failure and dialysis were mentioned such as hypertension, diabetes melitus and obesity. The effect of these trends on core stability system of healthy population as well as patients suffering from chronic back pain was described too. Conclusion: Some extent of coherence was found between strengthening core stability system and its effect on dialysed patients however further in- depth research...

Três experimentos foram desenvolvidos para avaliar protocolos hormonais de sincronização de estro e ovulação em fêmeas Nelore, extratificadas nas três principais categorias de fêmeas (vacas secas, novilhas e vacas paridas) comumente encontradas nas propriedades. Os experimentos possuíam objetivos de comparar a performance reprodutiva das categorias supra citadas, sobre a taxa de detecção do estro, taxa de prenhez na IA (exp. I e II) e/ou IATF (exp III) e no repasse, de fêmeas submetidas a protocolos de sincronização do estro e ovulação. EXP I: Foram utilizadas vacas Nelore não lactantes (n=286), blocadas em um esquema fatorial 2x3, e receberam no D0 o CIDR e 2mg de benzoato de estradiol (BE). O CIDR permaneceu por 5 dias (D5) ou 7 dias (D7), no dia da remoção do CIDR, as vacas receberam PGF2&alpha; (12,5mg, 25mg ou 50mg), formando os tratamentos: 5d12,5mg, 5d25mg, 5d50mg, 7d12,5mg, 7d25mg e 7d50mg. O estro foi detectado em 83.2% (238/286) das vacas, onde D7 (88,0%) foi superior (P<0,05) ao D5 (78,7%). Não houve diferença no tempo médio para detecção do estro que foi de 70,1 ±17,2 h. A taxa de concepção não diferiu entre os tratamentos. A taxa de prenhez à IA foi maior (P<0,05) para o D7 (54,2%) quando comparado ao D5 (39,6%). A taxa de prenhez no repasse e na prenhez total não diferiram entre os tratamentos. EXP II: Utilizou-se 407 novilhas Nelore pré-puberes, blocadas em um esquema fatorial 4x2, as novilhas receberam no D0 o CIDR e 2 mg de BE, o CIDR permaneceu por 5, 7, 9 ou 11 dias. No dia da remoção do CIDR, as novilhas receberam 25mg de PGF2&alpha; e 300 UI eCG. Além disso metade das novilhas receberam 1 mg de BE 48 horas após a retirada do CIDR. A detecção do estro foi maior (P<0,05) para as novilhas que receberam BE (87,3%) quando comparado aos s/BE (54,6%). O tempo médio para detecção do estro foi de 68,1 ±17,3 h. A taxa de concepção não foi influênciada pelos tratamentos, porém a taxa de prenhez da inseminação da sincronização foi maior para o grupo BE (18,8%) quando comparado ao s/BE (12,4%). A taxa de prenhez final não diferiu entre os tratamentos e foi de 62,3%. EXP III: Foram utilizadas vacas Nelore lactantes (n=191), divididas em dois tratamentos: 1xPGF-5d (as vacas permaneceram com o CIDR por 7 dias, sendo que 25mg de PGF2&alpha; foi aplicada no D5); 2xPGF-0/7d (as vacas permaneceram com o CIDR por 7 dias, sendo realizadas duas aplicações de 12,5mg de PGF2&alpha;, no D0 e D7). O CIDR foi retirado no D7, e aplicou-se 0,3 ml de ECP e 300 UI de eCG. Após 50 horas todas as vacas foram submetidas à IATF. No momento da inserção do CIDR 24% das vacas estavam ciclícas. O estro foi detectado em 54,45% (104/191) das vacas, sendo similar entre os tratamentos. O tempo médio para detecção do estro foi de 36,4 ± 8,7 h. Não houve diferença na concepção à IATF, que foi de 59,5 e 59,6% para os tratamentos 1xPGF-5d e 2xPGF- 0/7d, respectivamente. A taxa de prenhez ao final da estação de monta não diferiu e foi de 82,9% para 1xPGF-5d e 86,6% para 2xPGF-0/7d. Em todos os experimentos foi realizada a detecção do estro, com o auxilio de rufiões por até 5 dias após a remoção do CIDR, sendo novamente detectado 10 dias após por um periodo de até 10 dias. Os animais dos exp. I e II foram inseminadas de acordo com o protocolo AM/PM. O diagnóstico de gestação foi realizado de acordo com a caracteristica de cada experimento, mas sempre com o objetivo de identificar e quantificar a origem da prenhez (IA ou repasse). Em vacas Nelore não lactantes, a utilização de protocolos de 7 dias, possui uma performance reprodutiva melhor do que 5 dias de permanência do CIDR. Em novilhas pré-puberes a utilização de BE 48 horas após a remoção do CIDR, aumentou a taxa de detecção de estro, impactanto diretamente no incremento da taxa de prenhez à IA. A utilização do protocolo 7d BE+CIDR, apresenta bons resultados reprodutivos, sendo que podemos reduzir o número de manejos sem o comprometimento da performance reprodutiva, realizando a aplicação de 12,5mg na inserção e na retirada do CIDR. / Three experiments were designed to evaluate estrus synchronization protocols in Nellore females of three different class (dry cows, heifers and lactating cows) commonly found in properties. The experiments had aim to compare a reproductive performance of the categories mentioned above, at the estrus detection, pregnancy rate at AI (exp. I and II) or TAI (exp. III), pregnancy rate at rebreeding, of females submited to estrus synchronization program and ovulation. EXP I: Nonlactating Nellore cows (n=286), were randomized in a 2x3 fatorial arrangement. All animals received the CIDR and 2 mg of EB at D0, the CIDR remained for 5 days (D5) or 7 days (D7). At day of CIDR removal, cows received PGF2&alpha; treatments (12.5mg, 25mg and 50mg), the treatments followed: 5d12.5mg, 5d25mg, 5d50mg, 7d12.5mg, 7d25mg and 7d50mg. Estrus was detected in 83.2% (238/286) of cows, where D7 (88.0%) was higher (P<0.05) than D5 (78.7%). The onset of estrus did not differ among groups and was 70.1 ± 17.2 hours. Conception rate did not differ among treatments. The pregnancy rate at AI was greater (P<0.05) for D7 (54.2%) compared to D5 (39.6%). The pregnancy rate at rebreeding and overall pregnancy did not differ among treatments. EXP II: Prepubertal Nellore heifers (n=407), randomized in a 4x2 factorial arrangement. Heifers received CIDR and 2 mg EB at D0, CIDR remained for 5, 7, 9 or 11 days. On day of CIDR removal, heifers received 25mg of PGF2&alpha; and 300 IU of eCG. Half of the heifers received 1 mg of EB 48 hours after CIDR removal. Estrus detection was greater in EB (87.3%) when compared to NoEB (54.6%). The onset of estrus did not differ among treatments and was 68.1 ± 17.3 hours after CIDR removal. Conception rate was similar among treatments. The pregnancy rate at AI of synchronization was higher for EB (18.8%) compared with NoEB (12.4%). The final pregnancy rate did not differ among treatments. EXP III: Lactating Nellore cows (n=191) were randomized in two groups, 1xPGF-5d (cows received CIDR for 7 days, and 25 mg of PGF was applied on D5); 2xPGF-0/7d (cows received CIDR for 7 days, and two injections of 12.5mg of PGF, on D0 an D7). CIDR was removed on D7, and was associate with injections of 0.3 ml ECP and 300 IU of eCG. TAI was performed 50 h after CIDR removal. Estrus was detected in 54.45% (104/191), and did not differ between groups. The onset of estrus did not differ, and was 36.4 ± 8.7 hours after CIDR removal. The conception rate at TAI did not differ and was 59.5 and 59.6% for 1xPGF-5d and 2xPGF-0/7d, respectively. The final pregnancy rate at the end of breeding season did not differ and was 82.9% for 1xPGF-5d and 86.6% for 2xPGF- 0/7d. All experiments were performed estrus detection with teasers for 5 days after CIDR removal, and was detected again after 10 days, and performed for 10 days. All animals of exp. I and II were inseminated according AM/PM protocol. The pregnancy diagnosis was performed according to caracteristic of each experiment, but always with the goal of identifying and quantifying the origin of pregnancy (AI or rebreeding). Data were analyzed using the statistical program SAS 9.9, for binominal variables we used GLIMMIX procedure and MIXED procedure for continuous variables. In nonlactating Nellore cows, the use of protocols for 7 days, has a better reproductive performance than 5 days of CIDR. In prepubertal heifers using BE 48 hours after CIDR removal, allows for greater estrus detections and increased number of inseminations, and increasing the pregnancy rate at AI. The use of 7d EB+CIDR program yields good reproductive results, and we can reduce a number of handlings without reduce a reproductive performance.

論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2002. / 參考文獻 (p. 341-355). / 中英文摘要. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / Lun wen (Zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2002. / Can kao wen xian (p. 341-355).

Thesis (M.S.W.)--University of Hong Kong, 1975.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1976.

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture