Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da presença de corpo lúteo (CL) no início do protocolo de inseminação artificial a tempo fixo (IATF), no diâmetro do folículo ovulatório (DFO), na expressão de estro e na taxa de prenhez usando cipionato de estradiol (CE) ou GnRH como indutor de ovulação em novilhas de corte. No dia 0, novilhas [n = 414; 317 ± 23 kg; 3,08 ± 0,21 escore de condição corporal (escala de 1 a 5) entre 22 e 24 meses de idade] receberam um dispositivo intravaginal contendo 1g de progesterona (P4) e foram administrados 2 mg de benzoato de estradiol, IM. No dia 8, o dispositivo foi removido e as novilhas receberam 500 μg de cloprostenol sódico IM e foram divididas em dois grupos: CE [n = 213; 0,5 mg de CE, IM, no dia 8] e GnRH [n = 201; 25 μg de Licerelina, IM, no dia da IATF] e a IATF foi realizada 50 h após a remoção do dispositivo. As novilhas tiveram a região sacral pintada para verificar a expressão do estro entre a remoção do dispositivo de P4 e a IATF. No dia 0, foram realizados exames ultrassonográficos para verificar a presença de CL (com CL = 213, sem CL = 202), no dia 10 para medir o DFO e no dia 11 para confirmar a ovulação. As novilhas foram classificadas em 3 grupos de acordo com o DFO: pequeno (≤ 9,5mm), médio (9,6-11,5mm) e grande (≥ 11,6mm) para avaliar seu efeito na expressão de estro e prenhez. A expressão de estro foi confirmada quando a tinta estava removida no dia 10. A expressão de estro foi maior (P <0,05) no grupo CE em comparação com o grupo GnRH. O DFO diferiu (P <0,05) de acordo com a presença de CL ( P < 0,05), mas foi semelhante entre os tratamentos. A taxa de ovulação não diferiu nos grupos CE e GnRH. As taxas de prenhez foram semelhantes (P> 0,05) entre os grupos CE e GnRH, no entanto, a taxa de prenhez foi maior nas novilhas que expressaram estro (P <0,05), do que naquelas que não expressaram. A presença de CL no início do protocolo de IATF esteve associada a maior taxa de prenhez (P <0,05) no grupo GnRH em relação ao grupo CE, mas não diferiu entre novilhas sem CL. A manifestação de estro para novilhas tratadas com GnRH aumenta de acordo com DFO. O grupo CE apresenta alta manifestação de estro independente do DFO. A taxa de prenhez é maior à medida que o DFO aumenta. Em conclusão, as novilhas com CL no início do protocolo de IATF possuem maior folículo ovulatório, e quando tratadas com GnRH como indutor de ovulação atingem maiores taxas de prenhez. O tamanho do folículo ovulatório foi associado com o comportamento de estro e as taxas de prenhez nos tratamentos de CE e GnRH. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of presence of corpus luteum (CL) at the onset of timed AI (TAI) protocol in ovulatory follicle diameter (OFD), estrus expression and pregnancy rate using estradiol cypionate (EC) or GnRH as ovulation inductor in beef heifers. On day 0, heifers [n=414; 317±23 kg; 3.08±0.21 body condition score (1 to 5 scale) and 22-24 months of age] received a 1g progesterone (P4) intravaginal device and 2 mg of estradiol benzoate, IM,. On day 8, device was removed, heifers received 500 μg of sodium cloprostenol, IM, and were divided in two groups: EC [n=213; 0.5mg EC, IM, on day 8] and GnRH [n=201; 25 μg of Licerelin, IM, at TAI] TAI was performed 50 h after device removal. The heifers had the base of the tail painted to verify estrus expression between P4 device removal and IATF. On day 0, ultrasound examinations were performed to verify the presence of CL (with CL = 213, without CL = 202).On day 10 to measure OFD and on day 11 to confirm ovulation. Heifers were classified into three groups according to OFD: small (≤ 9.5 mm), medium (9.6-11.5 mm) and large (≥ 11.6 mm) to evaluate their effect on estrus expression and pregnancy rate. Estrus expression was confirmed when ink marking was removed on day 10. Estrus expression was higher (P <0.05) in the EC group compared to GnRH group. The OFD differed (P <0.05) according to the presence of CL (P <0.05), but was similar between the treatments. The ovulation rate did not differ in CE and GnRH groups. Pregnancy rates were similar (P> 0.05) between the EC and GnRH groups, however, the pregnancy rate was higher in heifers who expressed estrus (P <0.05) than in those who did not express it. The presence of CL at the beginning of the IATF protocol was associated with a higher pregnancy rate (P <0.05) in the GnRH group in relation to the EC group, but did not differ between heifers without CL. The estrus manifestation for heifers treated with GnRH increases as the DFO increases, while the EC heifers has a high estrus manifestation independent of the DFO. The pregnancy rate also increases as DFO increases. In conclusion, heifers with CL at the beginning of the IATF protocol have increased ovulatory follicle size, and when treated with GnRH, as an ovulation inducer, attained higher pregnancy rates. The size of the ovulatory follicle was associated with higher estrus behavior and higher pregnancy rates in the EC and GnRH treatments.

Cette thèse étudie le chant "khap" de l’ethnie des Tai Dam du Laos à partir de la notion de modèle musical. Abordé au travers du concept de la pertinence, son principal objectif est la mise en lumière des compétences liées au chant, c’est-à-dire des connaissances abstraites nécessaires à l’interprétation et la catégorisation du chant. Fil rouge de ce travail, c’est au départ de la notion de modèle que sont construits les différents chapitres. Partant d’une considération d’ordre musical, sont mis au jour les mécanismes de transmission du chant, les rapports entre tons parlés et chantés, ainsi que les différents mécanismes de catégorisation musicale et identitaire. La thèse montre l’imbrication de chacun de ces aspects et la pertinence de la mobilisation de plusieurs disciplines dans la réalisation de cette recherche :musicologie, anthropologie et linguistique. C’est dans une perspective intégrant les points de vue étiques et émiques et par le développement d’une méthodologie adaptée aux particularités du sujet que sont discutés les différents axes de la recherche. / This research studies the singing named "khap" of Tai Dam ethnic group in Laos, through the notion of musical model. Its main objective, approached with the concept of relevance, is to highlight the competences linked to the singing, that is to say the abstract knowledge needed for the interpretation and the categorisation of "khap Tai Dam". The principle of musical model is the common theme of this research, and is the starting point of every chapter. Starting from musical considerations, this PhD highlights the mechanisms of musical transmission, the relationships between spoken and musical tones, as well as the different mechanisms of musical categorisation and identity categorisation. This work shows the interweaving of every of those aspects and the relevance of using different disciplines: musicology, anthropology and linguistic. The different lines of this work are approached with a perspective mobilizing etic and emic perspectives, and follow a methodology adapted to the specificities of the topic. / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Purpose: Working from lifespan development theory and the theory of Selective Optimization with Compensation (SOC), I provide theoretical analyses to inform and direct research on Taijiquan where research questions involve issues of adaptive development (optimization of gains, maintenance of function, and prevention of lost resources). I also used these frameworks to construct a biopsychosocial mind-body practices model that seeks to explain and predict the role of key aspects (curriculum, practice, context) in Taiji-related development. The above frameworks are further substantiated through a comparative analysis of health status between Taijiquan practitioners (N =120; age range = 24-83, M = 54.77) and a nationally representative sample (N = 414,629; age range = 18-99, M = 54.86) collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The model's predictive potential is explored through an analysis of health status within a subset of experienced Taiji practitioners (N = 94; age range = 24-83, M = 55.82). Design: Theoretical and cross-sectional; between- and within-group comparisons. Methods: Responses from a convenience sample of Taiji practitioners were collected using an online survey. The instrument was designed to collect data on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), lifestyle variables, and Taiji practice regimens. Data from Taiji practitioners were merged with the CDC's 2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) dataset, forming three groups: no exercise, some exercise, and Taiji exercise. Health status was regressed on exercise group while controlling for age, income, and education, as well as the interaction between age and exercise group. Further analyses were also conducted on a subset of the Taiji data (N=94). These analyses examined the relationships among self-reported health, practice regimens, and diet while controlling for age and experience. Results: In the first set of analyses (see paper one), I controlled for the effects of age, income, education, and the differential effects of age on exercise group, while determining associations between health and group membership. A significant interaction effect (p < 0.001) occurred between age and exercise group membership. This interaction showed little difference between exercise groups in the young adult age range, but among older adults, Taijiquan practitioners displayed the best HRQoL. In the second set of analyses (see paper 2), I found significant interaction effects between (a) curricular complexity and out-of-class practice (p < 0.05) and (b) curricular complexity and diet (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The extraordinary health status trajectory among Taiji practitioners may be attributable to several conditions including: (a) the implied presence of SOC-related strategies, (b) the general benefits of psychophysical expertise, and (c) concomitant structure between Taiji-related goals and health behaviors that contributes to optimal aging. Specifically, intervention designers, Taiji teachers, and practitioners should consider the potential benefits of well rounded Taiji curricula, regular out-of-class practice, and healthy diet for optimizing health-related gains and minimizing losses typically associated with aging. / Ph. D.

研究目的 我國農地政策向以農地農有、農地農用，培養自耕農為主導。現行的農地政策，為保 護農業的生產條件，對農地有著嚴格的對人及對地的雙重管制。唯隨經濟環境改變， 近來屢有議者提出「小農經營制度，已不適於經濟原則，應由農企業公司購買農地， 實施企業化的大農經營，以促使農業升級」，則是否農地應該開放自由買賣？企業化 的大農經營是否適合當前台灣農業生產結構？開放農地買賣對農村社會又會造成什麼 影響？是為本文研究的目的。 主要參考文獻 現階段台灣農地問題之探討一劉泰英。經濟自由化與農地保護一陳明健。企業法人承 受農問題之探討一蘇志超。 研究方法 １•搜集次級資料探討當前農業問題與農業生產環境，以研究當前的農業問題之癥結 ，是否以開放農企業購買農地能有助於農業問題的舒解。 ２•以問卷調的方式，探討農家與農企業法人購地或售地意願，並進一步探討開放農 地買賣可能造成的影響。 研究內容 １•對於農業整體面，嘗試以農場經營規模，農業勞力結構轉換，農業機械化推行， 農產運銷、農業技術改良、作物、價格政策、土地管制等項目來分析。 ２•農家與企業家意願則以問卷內容為研究內容。

Hui Pui Lam Joe. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-128). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Buried in the footnotes-Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- The importance of museums --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- What are museums? --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Museums in Hong Kong --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Definitions of Museums --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3 --- Research Questions --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4 --- Research Texts: --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Background information of the ´بHong Kong Museum of History' --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Background information of the ´بThe Hong Kong Story´ة --- p.11 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Background information of the ´بTai O Cultural --- p.12 / Chapter 1.5 --- Methods of study --- p.13 / Chapter 1.6 --- Chapter outline --- p.15 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- The theoretical and critical framework / Chapter 2.1 --- ´بModernist museums´ة as gendered institutions --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- The dominant form of museum in the MH --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2 --- Literature on gender representation in art galleries and history museums --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- In the context of art galleries --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- The pragmatic approach --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- The quantitative approach --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3 --- "Gaby Porter and other museologists, works" --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Gender dualism --- p.27 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Object-centered approach --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3.2.1 --- The concept of ´بemotion material´ة --- p.35 / Chapter 2.3.2.2 --- Methods to regenerate the representation of women in history museum --- p.37 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Classification system --- p.39 / Chapter 2.4 --- New museology movement --- p.40 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Post-museum --- p.40 / Chapter 2.4.1.1 --- The characteristics of post-museum --- p.42 / Chapter 2.4.1.2 --- How does post-museum relate to gender? --- p.44 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Ecomuseum --- p.45 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Case study of the Hong Kong Story- Gender dualism and object-centered approach in exhibition / Chapter 3.1 --- General description of the Hong Kong Story (HKS) --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2 --- Displays in lower and upper floors --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Lower floor: Folk Culture in Hong Kong --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Upper floor: Birth and Early Growth of the City and Modern Metropolis and the Return to China --- p.51 / Chapter 3.3 --- Gender dualism in Exhibition --- p.53 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Male-defined experiences of work and daily life --- p.59 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Marginalization of work in domestic area --- p.63 / Chapter 3.4 --- Object-centered approach taken by curators --- p.65 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Lower floor- The representation of wedding ceremony --- p.68 / Chapter 3.4.1.1 --- Reasons behind the under-representation of women experiences in traditional wedding ceremonies --- p.69 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Upper floor- The under-representation of women experiences --- p.72 / Chapter 3.5 --- Methods to exhibit the non-material formed history and emotion material --- p.75 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Out of the box: Case Study of the Tai O Cultural Workshop / Chapter 4.1 --- Orientation of the Workshop and the role of Ms. Wong in the Workshop --- p.81 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- The Position of Ms. Wong in the Workshop --- p.82 / Chapter 4.2 --- Description of displays --- p.83 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- The interpretation of objects --- p.86 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- The importance of Ms. Wong as a guide --- p.88 / Chapter 4.3 --- A critical analysis of exhibition --- p.89 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- The role of guide in the Workshop --- p.90 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- The naming issue --- p.92 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- The ways of object interpretation --- p.95 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Objects as emotion material --- p.96 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- The position of Ms. Wong as a curator --- p.101 / Chapter 4.3.6 --- The orientation of the Workshop- Tai O as a unique and lively community --- p.104 / Chapter 4.4 --- Reasons for the success of the Workshop --- p.108 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusion / Chapter 5.1 --- Comparison between the MH and the Workshop --- p.110 / Chapter 5.2 --- Limitation of the Workshop --- p.114 / Chapter 5.3 --- The positive role of laymen to change curatorial practices --- p.115 / Chapter 5.4 --- In what ways can HKS learn from the Workshop? --- p.117 / Bibliography --- p.121 / Appendix / Appendix: Pictures of the Hong Kong Story (Chapter 3) and the Tai O Cultural Workshop (Chapter4) --- p.130

綜觀1997年亞洲金融風暴之後的泰國，泰國政府設法改善以農立國的機會點，運用大量農產品輸出提升國家整體經濟，這其中最為驚人的成就便是世界廚房的執行，政府透由單一窗口的溝通，明定清楚的營運績效指標，讓泰式料理躍上舞台成為關鍵字的搜尋，也成功的吸引無數的觀光旅客前往泰國一窺究竟，深入探訪學習泰式料理與體驗泰國文化。然而在看了別人的成功經驗之後，台灣的餐飲業是否有機會可以學習呢？因此本研究試圖由相關文獻與資料的蒐集，並深入訪問在餐飲領域學有所長的專家意見，藉由泰國政府世界廚房的營運經驗中找出成功關鍵，進而反思台灣餐飲業可以學習的作為，當中也加上中小企業鼎泰豐的營運方式說明，並引用了白地策略的商業模式思考我們日後可以運作的方法與營運法則。 經過這一連串的研究探討，茲將歸納總結出三方向的建議 一. 政府端：建議政府單位能夠仿效學習成立專責單位，儘可能簡化作業時間與文書往返的營運模式，讓權責單位能夠更具效能的執行餐飲業的推廣；再者近來的食品加工風波，亦是政府單位需要改善制度，設法成立食材履歷的改善作為，好讓餐飲業的經營除了美味更具安心。同時我們透由泰國世界廚房的營運經驗也可以發現，維護品質的稽核制度不可少。 二. 企業或組織端：透由連鎖化的營運模式壯大自己的營運成績，讓自己形塑品牌深化才能有機會在日益變遷的餐飲環境中紮根。再者應該結合台灣科技化的優勢，架構資訊平台讓營運的經驗法則能夠累積成自己的創新價值，形成關鍵流程與資源，讓自己的營運評斷基準更具說服力。 三. 顧客端：日益成熟的台灣社會，我們更應該努力成為有同理心的消費者，在購賣決策形成時，除了廉價思維之外，更應該思考商品的附加價值，讓整體的經營環境，不光只有法令、業者的努力，更有許多消費者的認可，才能讓餐飲業的發展朝光明面邁進。 關鍵詞：泰國世界廚房、白地策略、鼎泰豐、個案研究、餐飲業 / After Asian financial crisis, Thailand’s government tried to improve the department of agriculture in1997 and found the opportunity. They increased the economic growth by exporting the product of agriculture. The most of achievements is the implement of the Center for Thailand kitchen of the world. What can we learn from f the Center for Thailand kitchen of the world？What are the major reasons of their achievement? This paper will use the literature review and interview expert of restaurant industry. We also choose Din Tai Fung to be our case study and use the rules of white space. After our empirical study, we have three conclusions: 1. We thought that our government can reduce the process of paper work and provide the organization of one stop service. After the crisis of food processing，we can set up the food pedigree to improve the quality of food & beverage. According the business model of Center for Thailand kitchen of the world, we need to build the system of quality auditing. 2. The franchise system can expand the scale of business. Through the franchise model, the enterprise will have the opportunity to increase the market share in the food & beverage industry. We have the advantages of hi-tech technology in Taiwan. We can run the successful business model by accumulating these experiences on web site. 3. We should follow our consumer’s preference. On the consumption decision, we can try to add value on the product. We also need to build the suitable environment and law. Keywords：Center for Thailand kitchen of the world、White Space、Din Tai Fung、Case study、Food & Beverage Industry )

張灝先生曾指出中國近代思想具有一個轉型期。在這轉型期中，傳統概念資源在新時代命題下受到挑戰，使得中國知識分子必須在一個萬國之新世界秩序下，重新擘畫中國的位置，因此在中國要回應內在取向危機與外在列強的挑戰下，便啟動了思想轉型的旅程，上述這段從傳統到現代的發展過程，即稱之為中國近代思想史的轉型時代。「平等」觀念作為中國近代知識分子戮力追求的新價值，自然也經歷了這段思想轉型的過程；在轉型過程中隨著張灝先生所指出中國近代思想之普遍主義/特殊主義雙層建構現象，「平等」論述也呈現出普遍性平等與特殊性平等觀的雙重展演。本文即是欲從轉型時代的角度出發，觀察「平等」觀念從傳統發展至現代的過程中，如何在普遍性上成為中國近代知識分子於理想上的永恆追求；又如何在特殊性上滿足不同行動者於現實層面的生命–政治目的。追尋中國近代平等觀念在轉型時代中的發展，以及平等觀念如何回應中國近代三大兩歧命題：傳統/現代、理想/現實、政界/家界的矛盾與拉扯，即為本文之主要研究目的與論述核心所在。 本文在研究範圍上，主要以康有為、嚴復、章太炎等三人「平等」論述為主，而旁及中國近代其他知識分子的平等觀，以及與平等觀念發展相伴共生的其他相關近代論述。而在研究方法上，則採用綜合的觀念史研究法，一方面觀察宏觀面向的中國近代平等觀念史發展及其類型結構，一方面觀察微觀部分的論者個體「以言行事」(Illocutionary Act)與「以言取效」(Perlocutionary Act)的平等論述內在動機；而上述兼顧宏觀與微觀的綜合觀念史研究法，則必須透過數位人文技術(Digital Humanities)的協助才能達到研究方法循環，故本文研究即由綜合的觀念史研究法與數位人文研究法合作完成。而在研究結果上，本文分析了康有為、嚴復、章太炎等三人平等觀後，提出中國近代平等觀念的形成發展，依序有啟蒙平等、救亡平等、革命平等的歷時性發展特徵；以及三人皆各自代表了國學近代化下的儒家平等、道家平等、佛家平等觀之觀念類型。並在描繪出三人平等觀的特殊性後，更進一步地勾勒出三人平等觀的普遍性意義，即僅追求政界平等而不論家界秩序，呈現出一種有別於五四時期激進式三綱平等訴求的漸進式平等觀念形態，本文認為漸進式平等即是晚清平等觀念最為特殊之展演。 在本文研究貢獻上，則是對以往學者大都認為西方觀念一入中國，就立即挑戰了三綱，而呈現出三綱同時瓦解的主張進行商榷。本文認為以往學者忽略了晚清時期有一批知識分子，他們戮力於緩解家界倫常的平等革命而不贊成家界平等，這一行動群體的存在是前輩學者較為忽略的部份。因此本文透過康有為、嚴復、章太炎等三人，勾勒出中國近代知識分子中僅追求政界革命而反對家界革命一派的主張，並動態刻劃這個群體與主張三綱平等的無政府主義者之對詰過程，豐富清末民初歷史研究的厚度，即為本文之研究貢獻。 而在康有為以儒學本土資源完成啟蒙平等觀的建構、嚴復從道學出發建構救亡平等觀，以及章太炎從佛學會通革命平等觀的行動過程中，也標示了一個晚清階段國學再造的特殊意義，即：中國近代知識分子在意圖透過會通傳統本土資源與西方觀念，以追求啟蒙、救亡、革命目的下，也順勢促成了中國傳統國學的近代化發展。而中國近代平等觀念中所呈現出的國學近代化色彩僅為一個面向，中國近代知識分子乃是透過對於整個傳統國學觀念系統內涵的轉置，來強化國學與西方文明之間的對話能力，並完成國學從傳統邁入現代的再造歷程。故將來可從「國學近代化」的角度出發，觀察各種本土觀念如何透過與西學會通，完成中國近代思想觀念從傳統到現代的轉型過程，藉此更整全地掌握中國近代思想轉型之樣態，此即本文具有借鑑性之理論意義與推廣前景所在。

published_or_final_version / Transport Policy and Planning / Master / Master of Arts in Transport Policy and Planning

自從2004年台澳簽署「打工度假」(Working Holiday)協定以來，每年台灣青年赴澳人數不斷增加，在國內掀起一股「壯遊」的熱潮。然而相關新聞報導與國內的研究卻發現，到澳洲打工旅遊的台灣年輕人，因為語言能力比不上當地人，所以多從事耗費體力的工作，而且工作穩定度低、危險性高、容易遭遇黑工問題等等，使台灣打工旅遊者的勞動環境越形惡劣。但在筆者的研究中，發現打工旅遊者卻輕忽勞資問題，必且拒絕承認自己為「台勞」。因此，本文的焦點在於探討台灣打工旅遊青年如何從自身「主體」性的眼光，去看待自己同時打工、又同時旅遊的行為？他們對自己抱持著怎麼樣的「想像」來理解打工旅遊的經驗？這樣的「想像」又是如何被塑造出來？ 本研究採質性研究方法，包括深入訪談、參與觀察、線上民族誌與非侵入性研究，並使用這些不同來源的資料進行交叉分析，以確認資料之信度與效度。在分析架構上，從「結構」和「個體」這兩者的互動展開，首先討論澳洲與台灣政府在塑造「打工旅遊」上扮演的角色，再來探討台灣青年在打工旅遊的過程中，對於自我身分的認同如何演變的過程。最後，本研究使用Giddens (1991)所提出的「現代性的反思性」來理解台灣青年如何將打工旅遊理解為自我敘事的一部份：逃離台灣變成一種自我實現的追尋，與既有的生命歷程斷裂。本文以此研究結果，來回應既往文獻研究的不足之處，並提醒台灣打工旅遊者對於「壯遊」的想像，可能會掩蓋澳洲惡劣的工作環境與勞動剝削的事實。 / Since Australia’s “Working Holiday Maker Visa Agreement” was signed with Taiwan in 2004, the number of Taiwanese working-holiday makers in Australia has grown rapidly every year. “Grand Tour” became a popular concept in Taiwan. According to the related literature, most Taiwanese working-holiday makers had no choice but to participate in the primary labor market in Australia due to the lack of English ability. They usually encountered highly risky, unstable, and even illegal working environment. However, the study found that Taiwanese working holiday makers ignored the nature of their employment and refused to call themselves “Tai Lau” (Taiwanese laborers). As a result, the study analyzed how Taiwanese working holiday makers think of themselves when they worked and traveled at the same time? What imagination did they have on their working holiday experience? In what ways was the “imagination” structured? The study was conducted by using qualitative research methods, which included in-depth interviewing technique, participant observation, unobtrusive methods, and online ethnography. Data collected through different channels and methods were triangulated to check the reliability and validity of data. The analytical framework focused on the interaction between “social structure” and “individual.” First, the study examined how Australian and Taiwanese governments both played the important roles in shaping and enforcing the working holiday policy. Second, this study explored the process in which Taiwanese working-holiday makers’ self-identities were changed when they were in Australia. Glidden’s (1991) concepts of modernity and self-identity were found to be particularly relevant in understanding Taiwanese working holiday makers’ self-narratives. They escaped from Taiwan to seek self-fulfillment, and their lives and identities in Australia were separated from their original life trajectories. The findings of this study can contribute to current tourism research by pointing out that the imagination of a “Grand Tour” may cover up the difficult working environments and exploitation faced by working-holiday makers.

Eak Tai Ahn is not only the first generation of Korean musicians, composers and conductors to have studied Western music and given successful musical performances in Western countries, but also is among the first to introduce the music of Korea to the West utilizing the Western music system. Korea Fantasy is an important work that helped Ahn win international acclaim. Korea Fantasy is an orchestral piece that evolved along with Ahn's unique life experiences shaped by the state of his native country. The piece is programmatic, depicting the history of Korea, which utilizes musical devices, such as rhythms and quotation that are distinctive musical elements of Korea. This document discusses the political and social history of Korea during Ahn's life time, offers an overview of Ahn's education and musical footsteps, and describes the premiere and reception of Korea Fantasy. Moreover, a discussion of his compositional traits and a musical analysis of Korea Fantasy are presented.