In this thesis I study the problem of logical constants with respect to logical truth and logical consequence. In order to do that, I focused on the following two questions. First, what is a logical constant and what kind of relation there is between a logical truth, logical consequence and logical constant? Second, what are the solutions to the problem and to what extent these criteria can solve it? The main argument of my thesis is to determine that all of the examined systems are satisfactory to considerable level still none of these is completely acceptable.

Το θέμα στην ουσία αφορά την Αξιωματική θεμελίωση του Ευκλείδη (καθ'ύλη αξιωματική) που έχει ως αντικείμενο την μελέτη της γεωμετρίας του φυσικού χώρου, και επομένως διατηρεί τον εμπειρικό της χαρακτήρα. Επομένως ο φυσικός αυτός χώρος εφοδιάζει τον μελετητή και με μια ισχυρή γεωμετρική διαίσθηση. Από την άλλη μεριά η αφηρημένη αξιωματική του Hilbert, και η σχετική θεμελίωση της Γεωμετρίας, καταφέρνει να εξοβελίσει την γεωμετρική διαίσθηση. Από κει και πέρα η αλγεβροποίηση των μαθηματικών, εξοβελίζει και αυτή την γεωμετρική άποψη. / We present the axiomatic method of Euclid's elements in geometry (~300 B.C.) and the axiomatization of Euclid's geometry later (first quarter of the twentieth century) by Hilbert and Tarski (formalization).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:12:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5621.pdf: 971098 bytes, checksum: c5d30431f6d74b2c37a4e7b0a76b6491 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-28 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The purpose of this thesis is analyze the changes in the thinking of Rudolf Carnap in relation to the analysis of language before the innovations of the work of Alfred Tarski. To this end, we will seek to explain the syntactic analysis of language presented by Carnap in his work "Logical Syntax of Language". Secondly, the semantic analysis of the language proposed by Alfred Tarski. To then discuss the influence of Tarski in the later work of Rudolf Carnap. / Esta tese tem por finalidade examinar as mudanças do pensamento de Rudolf Carnap em relação à análise da linguagem frente às inovações dos trabalhos de Alfred Tarski. Para tanto, buscaremos esclarecer a análise sintática da linguagem apresentada por Carnap em sua obra a Sintaxe Lógica da Linguagem , e a análise semântica da linguagem proposta por Alfred Tarski, para, então, discutir a influência de Tarski nos trabalhos posteriores de Rudolf Carnap.

Orientador: Itala Maria Loffredo D'Ottaviano / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T08:48:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Suguitani_LeandroOliva_M.pdf: 498724 bytes, checksum: 92a1cd68fc996cc91200b7596bd9188e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Em 1975, Alfred Tarski, um dos maiores lógicos contemporâneos, visitou o Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Ciência da Computação (IMECC) da Unicamp. Nessa oportunidade, foi organizado um evento, o Simpósio de Lógica Matemática, para recebê-lo. Tarski apresentou então sua axiomatização para o cálculo de relações, conhecida como álgebra de relações (RA). A RA, como teoria formal desenvolvida por Tarski, foi apresentada em duas conferências, que foram pioneiramente gravadas em fita de vídeo e atualmente fazem parte do acervo dos Arquivos Históricos do Centro de Lógica, Epistemologia e História da Ciência (CLE) da Unicamp. Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma transcrição das conferências de Tarski e examinamos o seu conteúdo, inserindo-o no contexto histórico do desenvolvimento da teoria do cálculo de relações, cujo início remonta à alguns trabalhos de De Morgan, Peirce e Schröder. Tendo em vista que a origem dessa teoria já foi devidamente abordada, concentrar-nos-emos mais no conteúdo das conferências de Tarski proferidas no Brasil, sobre RA, dando especial atenção aos problemas deixados em aberto nessa ocasião, e no recente desenvolvimento de sua teoria. / Abstract: In 1975, Alfred Tarski visited the Instituto de Matemática, Estatástica e Ciência da Computação (IMECC) at Unicamp, Brazil. In that ocasion, an event was organized to welcome him, the Simpósio de Lógica Matemática. Tarski's talking was about his axiomatization on the calculus of relations, which in that time was already known as Relation Algebra (RA). In Brazil, the formal theory of RA developed by Tarski was introduced to his audience in two lectures, which were taped and nowadays belongs to the historical files of Arquivos Hist'oricos do Centro de Lógica, Epistemologia e História da Ciência (CLE) at Unicamp. Our work aims to bring Tarski's conferences for public access through our transcription of them, and besides that, it is also our aim to analize Tarski's lectures and put it into the historical context of the development of RA, which origin goes back to some works of De Morgan, Peirce and Schröder. Our focus is on the content of the conferences, specially on the open problems left by Tarski and on the recent development of his theory. / Mestrado / Mestre em Filosofia

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Cette étude introduit à la problématique de la construction sémantique du concept de vérité, lorsqu'il s'agit de saisir le sens du prédicat « vraie » dans l'énoncé « La proposition P est vraie » à l'intérieur de la pluralité des modèles relevant de langages formalisés. Y sont exposés les principaux résultats auxquels Alfred Tarski est parvenu dans Le concept de vérité dans les langages formalisés ainsi que les conditions méthodologiques ayant permis leur fondation métalogique.

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I here develop a specific version of the deflationary theory of truth. I adopt a terminology on which deflationism holds that an exhaustive account of truth is given by the equivalence between truth-ascriptions and de-nominalised (or disquoted) sentences. An adequate truth-theory, it is argued, must be finite, non-circular, and give a unified account of all occurrences of “true”. I also argue that it must descriptively capture the ordinary meaning of “true”, which is plausibly taken to be unambiguous. Ch. 2 is a critical historical survey of deflationary theories, where notably disquotationalism is found untenable as a descriptive theory of “true”. In Ch. 3, I aim to show that deflationism cannot be finitely and non-circularly formulated by using “true”, and so must only mention it. Hence, it must be a theory specifically about the word “true” (and its foreign counterparts). To capture the ordinary notion, the theory must thus be an empirical, use-theoretic, semantic account of “true”. The task of explaining facts about truth now becomes that of showing that various sentences containing “true” are (unconditionally) assertible. In Ch. 4, I defend the claim (D) that every sentence of the form “That p is true” and the corresponding “p” are intersubstitutable (in a use-theoretic sense), and show how this claim provides a unified and simple account of a wide variety of occurrences of “true”. Disquotationalism then only has the advantage of avoiding propositions. But in Ch. 5, I note that (D) is not committed to propositions. Use-theoretic semantics is then argued to serve nominalism better than truth-theoretic ditto. In particular, it can avoid propositions while sustaining a natural syntactic treatment of “that”-clauses as singular terms and of “Everything he says is true”, as any other quantification. Finally, Horwich’s problem of deriving universal truth-claims is given a solution by recourse to an assertibilist semantics of the universal quantifier.

Inhalt der Dissertation ist der Einfluß, den die von Alfred Tarski formulierte mathematische Logik auf die Entstehung der drei Computerkonzepte des Konrad Zuse hatte.

In dieser Arbeit möchte ich dem Wesen des Auswahlaxioms auf den Grund gehen und verstehen, inwieweit es problematisch sein könnte, es zu benutzen, aber auch wie nützlich es ist, dieses mächtige Instrument als Mathematiker zu besitzen.