Submitted by PPG Psicologia (psicologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-08T22:34:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MAILA_ROSSATO_HOLZ_DIS.pdf: 1327596 bytes, checksum: 8e58e96dcb1cc4cc6fa912a07c9c18a1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-20T11:37:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MAILA_ROSSATO_HOLZ_DIS.pdf: 1327596 bytes, checksum: 8e58e96dcb1cc4cc6fa912a07c9c18a1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-20T11:52:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MAILA_ROSSATO_HOLZ_DIS.pdf: 1327596 bytes, checksum: 8e58e96dcb1cc4cc6fa912a07c9c18a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-02 / Both health aging and mild cognitive impairment are associated with the existence of neurocognitive profiles and sociodemographic and clinical factors that may be considered as a risk for conversion to a major neurocognitive disorder. However, it is known that within this continuum between normal and pathological aging there are heterogeneous characteristics that are still little explored that need to be better understood to identify factors of cognitive reserve and demential risk. Thus, the present dissertation is composed of two studies, the first with the objective of verifying if there are subgroups of executive processing in the elderly with MCI and controls; secondarily, to examine whether the latent executive profiles are differentiated by sociodemographic, clinical and mnemonic variables. In this study 120 elderly adults (50 controls and 70 MCI patients) participated in a complete neuropsychological evaluation battery. A latent profile analysis was performed to verify possible subgroups of executive functions (EF), followed by a multivariate ANOVA controlling years of formal education and frequency of reading and writing habits (FRWH). Three executive profiles were found (1) Profile 1 with processing speed, executive attention and visuospatial initiation impairment (23.33% of the sample); (2) Profile 2 with intermediate performance in EF (45.84% of the sample); and (3) Profile 3 with superior performance in working memory, planning and verbal organization (30.83% of the sample). Comparative analysis showed differences in education, economy class, FRWH, global cognition, symptoms of depression, immediate episodic memory, recent memory, visual memory, recognition of new information learned and prospective memory. In all variables, Profile 1 had worse performance and Profile 3 had the best performance. The second study aimed at evaluating cognitive processing evolution (mnemonic, executive, linguistic, praxis and attentional), socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of elderly individuals with MCI and elderly controls, as well as verifying whether the elderly will convert the clinical condition and if there were risk factors for this conversion. In study 2, 65 elderly adults (41 MCI patients and 24 controls) participated in two complete neuropsychological assessments (time 1 and time 2). ANOVA analyzes of repeated measures were performed, controlling years of formal education and FRWH. There were differences in the evaluation one year later in the working memory, visual episodic memory, and visual and spatial cognitive flexibility variables. Eighteen participants (27.69%) converted to the clinical condition. The 11 functionality explained 12.5% of clinical conversion. The results of these two studies suggest that there is heterogeneity in the neurocognitive and executive profile within healthy aging and MCI that need to be monitored longitudinally to identify the continuum of these impairments. Variables such as processing speed, working memory and inhibitory control are essential executive measures for monitoring beyond episodic memory evaluation. Future studies should investigate transversally and longitudinally MCI severity, using factorial analyzes and composite scores of cognitive components, more specifically from executive components. These measures may be quantitative and qualitative measures of better measurement of cognitive impairment extent in elderly patients, allowing more accurate and earlier diagnoses towards the implementation of specific neurocognitive stimulation programs. / O envelhecimento seja ele saud?vel ou com Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve (CCL) tende a estar relacionado ? exist?ncia de perfis neurocognitivos e fatores sociodemogr?ficos e cl?nicos que podem ser considerados de risco para convers?o para um transtorno neurocognitivo maior. Contudo, sabe-se que dentro desse cont?nuo entre o envelhecimento normal e patol?gico existem caracter?sticas heterog?neas ainda pouco exploradas que necessitam ser mais bem compreendidas para identifica??o de fatores de reserva cognitiva e de risco demencial. Assim, a presente disserta??o ? composta por dois estudos, sendo o primeiro com o objetivo de verificar se h? subgrupos de processamento executivo em idosos com CCL e controles; secundariamente, examinar se os perfis executivos latentes se diferenciam por vari?veis sociodemogr?ficas, cl?nicas e mnem?nicas. Nesse estudo participaram 120 adultos idosos (50 controles e 70 com CCL) que realizaram uma bateria de avalia??o neuropsicol?gica completa. Foi conduzida uma an?lise de perfis latentes para verificar poss?veis subgrupos de fun??es executivas, seguida de uma ANOVA multivariada controlando escolaridade e frequ?ncia de h?bitos de leitura e de escrita (FHLE). Foram encontrados tr?s perfis executivos (1) Perfil 1 com preju?zos de velocidade de processamento, aten??o executiva e inicia??o visuoespacial (23,33% da amostra); (2) Perfil 2 com desempenho intermedi?rio em FE (45,84% da amostra); e (3) Perfil 3 com desempenho superior em mem?ria de trabalho, planejamento e organiza??o verbal (30,83% da amostra). A an?lise comparativa mostrou diferen?as quanto ? escolaridade, classe econ?mica, FHLE, cogni??o global, sintomas de depress?o, mem?ria epis?dica imediata e recente, mem?ria visual, reconhecimento de novas informa??es aprendidas e mem?ria prospectiva, sendo que em todas as vari?veis o Perfil 1 teve pior desempenho e o Perfil 3 teve o melhor desempenho. J? o segundo estudo, teve como objetivo avaliar a evolu??o do processamento cognitivo (mnem?nico, executivo, lingu?stico, pr?xico e atencional), sociodemogr?fico e cl?nico de idosos com CCL e idosos controles verificando, ainda, se os idosos iriam converter o quadro cl?nico e se existiriam fatores de risco para essa convers?o. No estudo 2 participaram 65 adultos idosos (41 CCL e 24 controles) no qual passaram por duas avalia??es neuropsicol?gicas completas (tempo 1 e tempo 2). Foram realizadas an?lises de ANOVA de medidas repetidas, controlando escolaridade e FHLE. Houve diferen?as na avalia??o um ano depois nas vari?veis de mem?ria de trabalho, mem?ria epis?dica visual, e flexibilidade cognitiva visuoespacial. 9 Dezoito participantes da amostra (27,69%) converteram o quadro cl?nico. A funcionalidade explicou 12,5% da convers?o do quadro cl?nico. Os resultados dos dois estudos sugerem que h? uma heterogeneidade no perfil neurocognitivo e executivo dentro do envelhecimento saud?vel e com CCL que precisam ser acompanhadas longitudinalmente para identificar o cont?nuo desses preju?zos. Percebe-se que vari?veis como velocidade de processamento, mem?ria de trabalho e controle inibit?rio s?o medidas executivas essenciais para acompanhamento al?m da mem?ria epis?dica. Futuros estudos que investiguem de forma transversal e longitudinal a severidade do CCL a partir de an?lises fatoriais e de escores compostos dos componentes cognitivos, mais especificamente de componentes executivos, podem ser medidas quantitativas e qualitativas de melhor mensura??o da dimens?o do preju?zo cognitivo em idosos, permitindo diagn?sticos mais acurados e mais precoces rumo ? implementa??o de programas de estimula??o neurocognitiva espec?fica.