[pt] A dissertação em tela foi desenvolvida com o intuito de proporcionar ao professor de matemática uma introdução ao estudo das Geometrias Não Euclidianas, um assunto carente em nossas salas de aulas tanto do Ensino Básico como das Licenciaturas em Matemática. Em consonância com os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais, são historicamente construídos os conhecimentos matemáticos apresentados para discutir o Quinto Postulado dos Elementos de Euclides e para apresentar a descoberta de novas geometrias. Para ser apresentada de forma mais detalhada, foi escolhida uma Geometria Não Euclidiana que pode ser facilmente entendida e contextualizada por alunos do Ensino Médio: a Geometria do Táxi. Tal geometria, além de possibilitar ligações com outros conteúdos do Ensino Básico também é um modelo para a geografia urbana, oferecendo ao alunado a possibilidade de interação com questões motivadoras, interdisciplinares e próximas do seu cotidiano. É apresentada uma sugestão de dinâmica que compara os conceitos das distâncias euclidiana e do táxi além de discutir a definição de circunferência e sua representação tanto na Geometria Euclidiana como na Geometria do Táxi. Além disso, alguns resultados da aplicação da referida dinâmica em turmas do 3o. ano do Ensino Médio do C.E. Professor Ney Cidade Palmeiro, localizado na cidade de Itaguaí no Rio de Janeiro, também são relatados. Pretende-se que este trabalho seja mais uma contribuição para o aprimoramento da formação continuada dos professores das escolas de ensino básico no país. / [en] The present dissertation was developed with the intention of providing the mathematics teacher an introduction to the study of Non Euclidean Geometry, one lacking subject in our classrooms as much as the basic education and undergraduate mathematics. In line with the National Curriculum Parameters, mathematical knowledge presented to discuss the Fifth Postulate of Euclid s Elements, and to present the discovery of new geometries are historically constructed. To be presented in more details, we choose a non Euclidean Geometry that can be easily understood and contextualized by high school students: the Taxicab Geometry. This geometry, in addition to allowing connections with other content of basic education, such geometry is a model for urban geography, offering the pupils the opportunity to their everyday issues. A suggested activity to be developed in the classroom by students who compares the concepts of taxi distance and euclidean distance and besides discussing the definition of a circle and its representation in both Euclidean Geometry as in the Taxi appears. Futhermore, some results of implementing this activity in class 3rd. year of high school the Colégio Estadual Professor Ney Cidade Palmeiro, located in Itaguaí in Rio de Janeiro, are also reported. It is intended that this work is a futher contribuition to the improvement of continuing education of teachers of primary schools in the country.

Problem-posing is recognized as an important component in the nature of mathematical thinking (Kilpatrick, 1987). More recently, there is an increased emphasis on giving students opportunities with problem posing in mathematics classroom (English& Grove, 1998). These research has shown that instructional activities as having students generate problems as a means of improving ability of problem solving and their attitude toward mathematics (Winograd, 1991). In this study, teaching Taxicab Geometry which is a non-Euclidean geometry is aimed to mathematics teacher candidates by means of computer game-Simcity- using real life problems posing. This studies’ participants are forty mathematics teacher candidates taking geometry course. Because of using Simcity computer game, this game is based on Taxicab Geometry. Firstly, students had been given Taxicab geometry theory for two weeks and then seperated six each of groups. Each of groups is wanted to posing problem and solving from real life problems at Taxicab geometry. In addition to, students applied to problem solving at Simcity computer game. Studens were model into Simcity game. They founded ideal city, healty village, university campus, holiday village, etc. interesting of each others.

Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Sinuê Dayan Barbero Lodovici / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Mestrado Profissional em Matemática em Rede Nacional, 2017. / É comum realizarmos revisões de conteúdos com os alunos com o objetivo de sanar dúvidas e consolidar conceitos. Neste trabalho, apresentamos a Geometria do Taxista, uma geometria que difere da Geometria Euclidiana na maneira de medir as distâncias. Pela proximidade com a Geometria Euclidiana, propusemos cinco atividades que possibilitarão a apresentação desse conteúdo, a revisão e a consolidação de muitos temas abordados nos diversos anos que antecedem o ensino superior. Esperamos que este trabalho contribua para o aprendizado de alunos e professores. / It¿s a quite usual practice to review some mathematics topics on the middle and, mainly, high school, several times in order to consolidate math¿s fundamental concepts among the students. In the present work, we present the Taxicab Geometry, a geometry which differs from the usual Euclidean Geometry on the way one can measure distances. Due to the close relationship with the Euclidean Geometry, we propose some activities that provide us a nice revision and consolidation exercise on several geometric and algebraic topics relevant to undergraduate students aspirants. We deeply hope that this work can contribute someway to the teachers¿ and students¿ learning process.

Problem-posing is recognized as an important component in the nature of mathematical thinking (Kilpatrick, 1987). More recently, there is an increased emphasis on giving students opportunities with problem posing in mathematics classroom (English& Grove, 1998). These research has shown that instructional activities as having students generate problems as a means of improving ability of problem solving and their attitude toward mathematics (Winograd, 1991). In this study, teaching Taxicab Geometry which is a non-Euclidean geometry is aimed to mathematics teacher candidates by means of computer game-Simcity- using real life problems posing. This studies’ participants are forty mathematics teacher candidates taking geometry course. Because of using Simcity computer game, this game is based on Taxicab Geometry. Firstly, students had been given Taxicab geometry theory for two weeks and then seperated six each of groups. Each of groups is wanted to posing problem and solving from real life problems at Taxicab geometry. In addition to, students applied to problem solving at Simcity computer game. Studens were model into Simcity game. They founded ideal city, healty village, university campus, holiday village, etc. interesting of each others.