This thesis, as its title implies, is a unique step in the management of risk of collision, which may arise in a two-ship encounter. This work advances the development established in the author's M. Phil thesis. It is suggested that the contemporary technique of collision avoidance based solely on CPA criteria is inadequate for risk analysis. The proposed strategy for handling risk of collision revolves around the introduced hypothesis for dealing with risks having various probabilities of occurrence resulting in various degrees of severity. The risk values are obtained by computing the geometrical probability of collision based on the following definition :- " The risk of collision can be measured by the ratio of the ways available for a collision to occur to all the possible ways that could be considered by the obser ving vessel." Based on this hypothesis several approaches to the presentation of the risk of collision are described separately in the thesis's units together with their application, merits and demerits. It is found that the introduction of the assessment and control of the risk of collision by lneans of the proposed risk criteria has converted the vague awareness given by the traditional methods, to a definite risk criteria which could provide alternative ways of assessing any situation. The restructuring of the information clearly provided to the mariner gives him a much greater insight into the level of the risk which he is accepting in any situation. A strong risk controllability can be achieved if it is characterised by a relatively high degree of constraints in the fonn of regulation. These regulation should acquire features that will pennit them to discriminate, act upon, and respond to aspects of the situation variety. Due to the fact that certain statements within the International· Rules are not clearly defined and are thus open to individual interpretation, some mathematical definitions of risk of collision and close range situations are established. The analysis and testing of specific examples has proved that these methods work and are able to provide the mariners with a cammon language in resolving collision avoidance problem.

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The objective of this thesis is to check the preciseness of the total station Leica TC(R) 407 ser. No.660021 by using the defined methods. The data collected through measurements and by the computation procedures according to the relevant standards and the proceedings described by the professional literature were compared with the data stated by the manufacturer. The accuracy of the telemeter and the goniometric part of the device was tested. The theoretical part of this thesis is focused on the basic measurement methods and distance determination, principle of the electronic direction measuring and the error theory. The practical part of the thesis is focused on checking the accuracy of the measured horizontal direction and the zenith angle, as well as checking the preciseness of the telemetric part of the device. As a result the standard deviations of the measured distances and directions have been determined.

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Introdução: A taxa de depuração pulmonar do radioaerossol dietilenotriaminopentacético marcado com Tecnécio-99m (99mTc-DTPA) constitui um índice da permeabilidade do epitélio pulmonar. Vários estudos têm demonstrado o efeito da pressão positiva expiratória final (PEEP) na taxa de depuração do 99mTc-DTPA. A pressão positiva expiratória (EPAP), aplicada de forma não-invasiva, promove aumento do volume pulmonar. Objetivos: Avaliar o padrão da depuração pulmonar do radioaerossol do 99mTc-DTPA com o uso da EPAP e comparar os achados da depuração pulmonar do 99mTc-DTPA em níveis diferentes de EPAP (10 cmH2O, 15 cmH2O e 20 cmH2O). Determinar se a altura, o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e o gênero dos indivíduos interferem no tempo de meia-vida (T½) do complexo 99mTc-DTPA. Métodos: Realizou-se um ensaio clínico randomizado, unicego, no qual os voluntários foram submetidos à cintigrafia pulmonar com radioaerossol de 99mTc- DTPA em duas etapas: cintigrafia em respiração espontânea e respiração sob suporte ventilatório por EPAP (RHDSON Vital Signs®, New Jersey, EUA). Foram estudados 30 indivíduos hígidos adultos jovens (15 do sexo feminino e 15 do sexo masculino, média de idade 28,26 ± 5,40 anos) que constituíram o Grupo 1 - EPAP 10 cmH2O (n = 10); Grupo 2 - EPAP 15 cmH2O (n = 10) e Grupo 3 - EPAP 20 cmH2O (n = 10). O radioaerossol 99mTc-DTPA foi administrado durante três minutos através de um aparelho portátil específico para inalação pulmonar de aerossóis radioativos (Aerogama®, Medical, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil). Imediatamente após o término da nebulização foi realizada a contagem sequencial da radioatividade de tórax, através de uma gama-câmara de cintilação tipo Anger (Starcam 4000i, GE, EUA). Todos os indivíduos foram submetidos ao teste espirométrico para atestar a normalidade da função pulmonar. Resultados: Houve aumento da taxa de depuração do 99mTc-DTPA (T½) somente quando 15 cmH2O de EPAP foi aplicada (p = 0,001), porém com o emprego de 10 cmH2O (p = 0,097) e 20 cmH2O (p = 0,124) de EPAP não houve alteração do T½ 99mTc-DTPA. Nos indivíduos do sexo feminino, o T½ foi de 74.40 ± 35.40 minutos e no sexo masculino de 74.36 ± 29.82 minutos, não havendo variação significante da taxa de depuração desse composto entre os sexos (p = 0,80). Ao correlacionar as variáveis altura (r = 0,085, p = 0,655) e IMC (r = 0,120, p = 0,528) com o T½ do radioaerossol 99mTc-DTPA não foi constatada correlação significante entre tais variáveis e a taxa de depuração pulmonar do 99mTc-DTPA. Conclusões: O presente trabalho descreveu pela primeira vez o efeito de diferentes níveis de EPAP sobre a taxa de depuração do radioaerossol 99mTc-DTPA, mostrando que somente a EPAP de 15 cmH2O reduziu o T½ do 99mTc-DTPA, enquanto que a aplicação de níveis pressóricos de 10 cmH2O e 20 cmH2O de EPAP não reduziram. Acredita-se que a insuflação pulmonar gerada pela pressão positiva de 15 cmH2O ocasione aumento na taxa de depuração do epitélio alveolar ao 99mTc-DTPA por produzir descontinuidades nas junções intercelulares do epitélio pulmonar. Esses resultados podem refletir o efeito da insuflação pulmonar sobre a perfusão dos capilares pulmonares alveolares e extra-alveolares o que afeta diretamente a depuração do radioaerossol de 99mTc-DTPA.

Submitted by Alice Araujo (alice.caraujo@ufpe.br) on 2018-05-02T19:15:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO Larissa Fernandes Costa.pdf: 3120931 bytes, checksum: f13b8fa625d822f7382da583e4a79de0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-02T19:15:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO Larissa Fernandes Costa.pdf: 3120931 bytes, checksum: f13b8fa625d822f7382da583e4a79de0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-07 / CNPQ / A porosidade é importante na determinação da qualidade de um solo, por possuir forte influência na aeração, na transferência de água/solutos/gases/calor, na resistência à penetração e na ramificação de raízes, além do desenvolvimento de microorganismos. A avaliação do espaço poroso, considerando vazios intra e inter-agregados, em diferentes tipos de solo e suas implicações (vantagens/desvantagens) é objetivo deste estudo. Foi determinada a porosidade inter e intra-agregados em solos dos tipos Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico e Neossolo Regolítico Eutrófico. Para os intra-agregados foram classificados: o tamanho e a forma. A porosidade inter-agregados foi maior para o Neossolo; este é um comportamento esperado para um solo arenoso, quando comparado a um solo com maior teor de argila. Considerando a porosidade intra-agregados, destacou-se a predominância de poros maiores e maior quantidade de poros complexos para o Neossolo. A aplicação de tomografia computadorizada de raios-x, portanto, se mostrou eficiente na caracterização micromorfológica da porosidade do solo. / Porosity is important in determining the quality of the soil, as it has strong influence on the aeration, in the transfer of water/solute/gas/heat, resistance to penetration and branching roots, and the development of microorganisms. The assessment of the pore space, whereas intra and inter-empty clusters in different soil types and their implications (advantages/disadvantages) is aim of this study. It was determined to inter- and intra-aggregate porosity in soil types Red Latossol distrophic. For intra-aggregates were classified: the size and shape. The inter-aggregate porosity was higher for Regossols; this is expected behavior for a sandy soil, compared to a clay soil. Considering the intra-aggregate porosity, noted the predominance of larger pores and a larger number of complex pores to Regossols. The application of computed microtomography X-ray proved effective in micromorphological characterization of soil porosity.

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The larger research project seeks to examine the role of technology and factors that influence its overall use and efficacy in supporting a community of teachers engaged in professional development. This thesis examines factors that appear to influence teacher participation in the online community of practice engaging in an overarching research project conducted by Dr. Balcaen and a team from UBC O Faculty of Education and funded by the Southern Alberta Professional Development Consortium (SAPDC). The two groups are acting in partnership for supporting and sustaining communities of practice in social studies in southern Alberta. SAPDC is allowing teachers release time to engage in the project while TC² is providing professional development for the participant teachers to become proficient at embedding TC² critical thinking tools into their classroom practices. Various technologies are used during this study as part of the design of providing professional development for the participants including supporting an online community presence. The guiding question for this thesis is: In a blended approach of face-to-face and online supported professional development for embedding critical thinking into the new social studies curriculum, what significant factors appear to influence teacher participation in the online community of practice during the first year of the project? Overall results during the first year of this project show that various technologies used during the project are valuable and effective in nurturing this community of practice by enabling and promoting collaboration, communication, and the completion and delivery of products to be used in teaching the new curriculum. I also examine negative factors that appear to prevent some teachers’ technology use and online participation and collaboration during this project. Findings show that there are several significant factors that influence participation in the online community and while some participants are reluctant to engage or enter the online environment, others have emerged as leaders and play a significant role in building and sustaining the community of practice. These results provide critical information about implementing and integrating an online component and using technology to sustain communities of practice engaged in this form of teacher professional development. / Education, Faculty of (Okanagan) / Graduate

In this thesis we describe how to systematically test, where our target has been Open Source Systems. We have applied a series of common and overlapped test design techniques at defined levels, specifically using seven different functional and structural test approaches. Our conclusion is that open source systems often lack fundamental testing, where on average it only takes 6 test cases to reveal the first failure. The first time to failure is 1 hour on average and MTTF (mean time between failures) is approximately 2 hours with our systematic approach. Our systematic approach is not only testing in itself, but we do also describe the process of discovering a system’s requirements. We have also found that some test design techniques seem to be more effective than others to find failures. We have investigated fifteen different open source systems, attempting to classify these systems in a methodical way. Our process consists in measuring time spent to identify unique part of the system where to apply the test cases. We consider both the system and the test design technique as measures to evaluate the effectiveness and construct test cases.