The purpose of this study was to examine the lived experience of reflection and document how a holistic approach to teacher reflection contributes to teachers' understanding of, and improvement in their pedagogical practice. The investigation asked how classroom observations, when followed by a reflective dialogue, impact pedagogical practice. The particular focus included how teachers make sense of observational data during a post-observation, reflective dialogue; how teachers reflect on classroom observational data; and how the holistic reflection experience impacts teachers' pedagogical practice. Three research questions guided this study. How do teachers make sense of observational data during a post observation reflective dialogue? How do teachers reflect on classroom observational data? How might the holistic reflection experience impact teachers' pedagogical practice? Findings from this study provide implications for incorporating the practice of teacher reflection and reflective dialogue as professional development and for educational research.

This diploma thesis deals with the evaluation and self-evaluation of pupils at primary school with a special focus on evaluation in distance learning. The theoretical part uses scientific literature to define the concept of school evaluation of students. It analyzes various types and forms of valuation as well as their impact on the pupil and his or her motivation for further schoolwork. Special attention is focused on the self-evaluation of younger school-age pupils and on the ability of these pupils to evaluate their school performance. It reflects the development of student self-evaluation since 1989. This thesis also indicates to the advantages and disadvantages associated with this method of evaluation and presents various strategies by which a teacher can motivate students to self-assess and lead the students to quality self- reflection. The empirical part has the character of mixed research. It monitors how pupils in selected schools are assessed during distance learning and whether they are guided to self- assessment. The thesis examines how teachers and students perceive this issue. It compares and evaluates the experiences of individual actors in the educational process. The research is divided into two parts. The first part examines students' attitudes and opinions on assessment and...

Diploma thesis Teacher as a reflective practitioner is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The aim of theoretical part is characteristics of basic concepts related to reflection, dealing with issues of teacher education and opportunities for teachers who have already participated in the educational process. It presents the most commonly used techniques and methods of reflection and self-reflection, but other less common ones have been mentioned as well. The aim of the practical part analyses the current situation of teachers as reflecting practitioners at secondary schools with gastronomic specialization. Diploma thesis compares reflective processes among teachers of general educational subjects, professional courses and training.

138 f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-30T17:07:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Adriane Halmann.pdf: 2538585 bytes, checksum: ab6806c9683dde048ae8f30ca5e4cb42 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora Lopes(silopes@ufba.br) on 2013-06-11T17:45:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Adriane Halmann.pdf: 2538585 bytes, checksum: ab6806c9683dde048ae8f30ca5e4cb42 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-11T17:45:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Adriane Halmann.pdf: 2538585 bytes, checksum: ab6806c9683dde048ae8f30ca5e4cb42 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Esta dissertação investiga a reflexão partilhada sobre a prática docente nos diários, em alguns ambientes web, com ênfase nos blogs, buscando identificar suas formas de ocorrência, implicações com a rede web e repercussões nas práticas. Para tanto, optou-se por uma investigação qualitativa, usando como instrumentos de coleta de dados: observação participante nos blogs, onde a autora deste trabalho torna-se também autora de blog e insere-se ativamente nas comunidades de professores-blogueiros; entrevistas por meio eletrônico; e análise documental, visando capturar as singularidades do objeto focado. Este percurso foi traçado com a participação de professores que mantêm blogs sobre sua prática docente, encontrando-se em diversas regiões do Brasil e fora dele. Abordou-se os diários como instrumento que, no exercício da escrita e do registro, subsidia a reflexão docente, atuando como guia para investigação dos problemas e concepções dos docentes comprometidos e dispostos a transformar a prática, onde destaca-se o acesso ao mundo pessoal do professor e as possibilidades de um desenvolvimento profissional constante. Os blogs não se constituem apenas como um simples aparato técnico, mas sim como um fenômeno social, o que demandou uma análise mais aprofundada sobre suas características e potencialidades, sempre sob a ótica do contexto educativo. A inserção dos professores no ciberespaço direcionou o olhar para as singularidades das construções identitárias neste contexto, confrontando com este processo, social e historicamente constituído na escola, no currículo e na sociedade. Notou-se que estes sujeitos articulam-se em grupos que procuram colaborar para buscar soluções conjuntas para problemas comuns, formando redes rumo a aprendizagem cooperativa e a inteligência coletiva. Todos os elementos indicados apontam que existe um movimento de inquietação entre alguns professores, o que os leva a procurar no ciberespaço um ambiente fecundo para refletir com seus pares e buscar outras alternativas para construir novas educações. / Salvador

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Le contexte actuel de la profession enseignante au Québec est caractérisé par l’évolution manifeste qu’a connue l’enseignement depuis les dernières décennies, évolution marquée par une complexification de la tâche, accentuée par divers phénomènes sociaux. En dépit de l’épuisement professionnel et de l’attrition de certains, plusieurs enseignantes et enseignants relèvent le défi de l’enseignement en milieux difficiles et réussissent à se développer professionnellement. Ce phénomène s’apparente au concept de résilience. Parmi les facteurs personnels de protection qui favorisent la résilience, les habiletés et compétences professionnelles ont déjà été mises en évidence chez le personnel scolaire résilient. De son côté, la littérature sur le développement des compétences professionnelles valorise l’importance de la réflexion sur la pratique comme vecteur privilégié de ce processus. Dans cette perspective, la question de recherche posée est à savoir si des relations peuvent être établies entre la résilience et la réflexion sur la pratique en enseignement. Ainsi, suivant la conceptualisation de G.E. Richardson (2002), nous avons tenté d’explorer les relations entre la résilience et la réflexion du personnel enseignant, telle que conceptualisée par Korthagen (1985, 2004), à l’aide de stratégies mixtes de collecte et d’analyse des données. Nous avons d’abord opérationnalisé les deux concepts par des indices provenant de plusieurs instruments: questionnaire sur la qualité de vie au travail, journal d’autoévaluation du stress, entretien semi-dirigé. Vingt-et-une enseignantes et deux enseignants de sept écoles primaires parmi les plus défavorisées de Montréal ont participé à l’étude. Près de 7000 unités de sens ont été codées dans les entretiens. Des analyses quantitatives et qualitatives ont permis de décrire l’adversité (stress) vécue par les participants, leur qualité de vie au travail et leurs compétences professionnelles (adaptation positive), de même que leurs facteurs de risque et de protection, individuels et environnementaux. Cette démarche a permis de dégager quatre profils généraux de résilience parmi les 23 participants: très résilient (2), résilient (9), peu résilient (8) et non résilient (2). Parallèlement, le processus et les contenus de la réflexion des participants ont été analysés à partir des modèles théoriques choisis. On remarque que la plupart des participants se centrent davantage sur la description des situations problématiques, plutôt que sur la recherche de solutions, et sur les contenus environnementaux, plutôt que personnels. L’analyse verticale de quatre cas représentatifs des profils de résilience a permis des comparaisons approfondies au plan de la réflexion. Ce sont les enseignantes situées aux extrêmes du continuum de résilience (la plus résiliente et la moins résiliente de l’échantillon) qui ont montré les distinctions les plus nettes. Notamment, il semblerait qu’une faible résilience soit liée à une centration accrue sur les problèmes plutôt que sur les solutions, ainsi que sur les contenus réflexifs environnementaux plutôt que personnels, et inversement. Enfin, malgré certaines limites méthodologiques et conceptuelles, cette étude révèle l’existence de liens empiriques entre la réflexion et la résilience d’enseignantes et d’enseignants œuvrant en milieux défavorisés. Elle ouvre également la voie à des pistes pour développer la résilience du personnel scolaire et propose des idées de recherches prospectives. / The actual teaching context in Québec is undoubtedly influenced by changes of the profession throughout the last decades. These changes are marked by the growing complexity of the task and the challenging working conditions, especially in poor inner-city schools. While some teachers suffer from burnout or literally quit the profession, others take it as a challenge and find ways to improve themselves professionally; this could be termed resilience. Some studies point out that the professional competences and abilities are an important personal protective factor enhancing teacher resilience. Besides, the professional development literature stresses that teacher reflection is fairly significant in this process. In that perspective, we can wonder if some links could be emphasized between teacher resilience and reflection. Thus, according to G.E. Richardson’s (2002) conceptualization, we explored the relationship between teacher resilience and reflection on practice, as conceptualized by Korthagen (1985, 2004). To do so, we used a mixed method approach. Before data collection and analysis, we first had to operationalize these two concepts, by means of indicators form different instruments: a quality of work life questionnaire, a daily stress diary, a semi-structured interview. 23 teachers across seven Montréal underprivileged elementary schools participated to the whole study. Nearby 7000 segments were coded in the interviews. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the data enabled us to describe the adversity (stress) faced by the participants, their quality of work life and their professional competences (positive adaptation), and their personal and environmental risk and protective factors. This procedure made it possible to identify four resilience profiles among the 23 teachers: 1) very resilient (2 teachers), 2) resilient (9 teachers), 3) less resilient (8 teachers), and 4) non resilient (2 teachers). Each teacher was then characterized according to his reflection, using the selected theoretical models. Most of the teachers seemed more concerned describing the problems than searching for solutions to solve them, and mostly centered on the environmental contents of reflection, instead the personal ones. Afterwards, the vertical analysis of four representative cases was compared to highlight the differences between the teachers, according to their reflection. These distinctions were stronger and clearer for the two teachers situated at the extremes of the resilience continuum (the most resilient and the less resilient teachers of the sample). Particularly, a low resilience seemed to be related to an increased emphasis on the problems instead of the solutions, and on the environmental instead of the personal reflective contents, and inversely. At last, despite some empirical and methodological limits, this research reveals the evidence of empirical relationships between resilience and reflection of elementary teachers working in poor inner-city schools. The study also highlights some avenues for professional development and teacher resilience, and suggests ideas for future research.

Technology integration continues to be a professional development concern, especially in elementary schools. It remains unclear why there is a difference between how teachers talk about using technology and how they apply it in teaching reading. The purpose of this study was to explore professional development options that would help teachers connect theory to practice by studying their decision-making process. The conceptual framework was based on elements of the knowing-doing gap and reflective practices. The research questions explored (a) the decision-making process, (b) reflective practices used during decision-making, (c) professional development that facilitates closing the knowing-doing gap, and (d) recommendations from participants to improve upon professional development. In a case study design, 10 K-4 teachers participated in one 60-minute interview, one follow-up interview, and one 45-minute focus group. With the use of typological analysis, transcripts were coded for initial and emerging themes. Results indicated that integrating mobile devices was highly dependent upon teachers being self-directed learners. Teachers relied on informal collegial interactions when deciding to use mobile devices. Continuous professional development that addresses adult learning styles was recommended by the teachers to support technology adoption. Improvements to reading instruction lead to positive social change by increasing student achievement, thereby preparing students to be world citizens in a competitive global market.

Le contexte actuel de la profession enseignante au Québec est caractérisé par l’évolution manifeste qu’a connue l’enseignement depuis les dernières décennies, évolution marquée par une complexification de la tâche, accentuée par divers phénomènes sociaux. En dépit de l’épuisement professionnel et de l’attrition de certains, plusieurs enseignantes et enseignants relèvent le défi de l’enseignement en milieux difficiles et réussissent à se développer professionnellement. Ce phénomène s’apparente au concept de résilience. Parmi les facteurs personnels de protection qui favorisent la résilience, les habiletés et compétences professionnelles ont déjà été mises en évidence chez le personnel scolaire résilient. De son côté, la littérature sur le développement des compétences professionnelles valorise l’importance de la réflexion sur la pratique comme vecteur privilégié de ce processus. Dans cette perspective, la question de recherche posée est à savoir si des relations peuvent être établies entre la résilience et la réflexion sur la pratique en enseignement. Ainsi, suivant la conceptualisation de G.E. Richardson (2002), nous avons tenté d’explorer les relations entre la résilience et la réflexion du personnel enseignant, telle que conceptualisée par Korthagen (1985, 2004), à l’aide de stratégies mixtes de collecte et d’analyse des données. Nous avons d’abord opérationnalisé les deux concepts par des indices provenant de plusieurs instruments: questionnaire sur la qualité de vie au travail, journal d’autoévaluation du stress, entretien semi-dirigé. Vingt-et-une enseignantes et deux enseignants de sept écoles primaires parmi les plus défavorisées de Montréal ont participé à l’étude. Près de 7000 unités de sens ont été codées dans les entretiens. Des analyses quantitatives et qualitatives ont permis de décrire l’adversité (stress) vécue par les participants, leur qualité de vie au travail et leurs compétences professionnelles (adaptation positive), de même que leurs facteurs de risque et de protection, individuels et environnementaux. Cette démarche a permis de dégager quatre profils généraux de résilience parmi les 23 participants: très résilient (2), résilient (9), peu résilient (8) et non résilient (2). Parallèlement, le processus et les contenus de la réflexion des participants ont été analysés à partir des modèles théoriques choisis. On remarque que la plupart des participants se centrent davantage sur la description des situations problématiques, plutôt que sur la recherche de solutions, et sur les contenus environnementaux, plutôt que personnels. L’analyse verticale de quatre cas représentatifs des profils de résilience a permis des comparaisons approfondies au plan de la réflexion. Ce sont les enseignantes situées aux extrêmes du continuum de résilience (la plus résiliente et la moins résiliente de l’échantillon) qui ont montré les distinctions les plus nettes. Notamment, il semblerait qu’une faible résilience soit liée à une centration accrue sur les problèmes plutôt que sur les solutions, ainsi que sur les contenus réflexifs environnementaux plutôt que personnels, et inversement. Enfin, malgré certaines limites méthodologiques et conceptuelles, cette étude révèle l’existence de liens empiriques entre la réflexion et la résilience d’enseignantes et d’enseignants œuvrant en milieux défavorisés. Elle ouvre également la voie à des pistes pour développer la résilience du personnel scolaire et propose des idées de recherches prospectives. / The actual teaching context in Québec is undoubtedly influenced by changes of the profession throughout the last decades. These changes are marked by the growing complexity of the task and the challenging working conditions, especially in poor inner-city schools. While some teachers suffer from burnout or literally quit the profession, others take it as a challenge and find ways to improve themselves professionally; this could be termed resilience. Some studies point out that the professional competences and abilities are an important personal protective factor enhancing teacher resilience. Besides, the professional development literature stresses that teacher reflection is fairly significant in this process. In that perspective, we can wonder if some links could be emphasized between teacher resilience and reflection. Thus, according to G.E. Richardson’s (2002) conceptualization, we explored the relationship between teacher resilience and reflection on practice, as conceptualized by Korthagen (1985, 2004). To do so, we used a mixed method approach. Before data collection and analysis, we first had to operationalize these two concepts, by means of indicators form different instruments: a quality of work life questionnaire, a daily stress diary, a semi-structured interview. 23 teachers across seven Montréal underprivileged elementary schools participated to the whole study. Nearby 7000 segments were coded in the interviews. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the data enabled us to describe the adversity (stress) faced by the participants, their quality of work life and their professional competences (positive adaptation), and their personal and environmental risk and protective factors. This procedure made it possible to identify four resilience profiles among the 23 teachers: 1) very resilient (2 teachers), 2) resilient (9 teachers), 3) less resilient (8 teachers), and 4) non resilient (2 teachers). Each teacher was then characterized according to his reflection, using the selected theoretical models. Most of the teachers seemed more concerned describing the problems than searching for solutions to solve them, and mostly centered on the environmental contents of reflection, instead the personal ones. Afterwards, the vertical analysis of four representative cases was compared to highlight the differences between the teachers, according to their reflection. These distinctions were stronger and clearer for the two teachers situated at the extremes of the resilience continuum (the most resilient and the less resilient teachers of the sample). Particularly, a low resilience seemed to be related to an increased emphasis on the problems instead of the solutions, and on the environmental instead of the personal reflective contents, and inversely. At last, despite some empirical and methodological limits, this research reveals the evidence of empirical relationships between resilience and reflection of elementary teachers working in poor inner-city schools. The study also highlights some avenues for professional development and teacher resilience, and suggests ideas for future research.