Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references.

The purpose of this study was to determine if motivational profiles of individual collegiate team sport athletes differ across ability levels (High, Middle, and Low) and settings (Team Practice, Competition, and Personal Practice). The athletes task and ego disposition, autonomy, and contextual motivation, were assessed using the Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ), Sport Climate Questionnaire (SCQ), and Sport Motivational Scale (SMS), pre and postseason. Their anxiety levels and situational motivation were measured using the Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Situational Motivational Scale (SIMS) during the season. The General Causality Orientations Scale (GCOS) was used pre and postseason to assess the strength of different motivational orientations in the coaches and the strength of association to the athletes' various motivational, anxiety and dispositional profiles. Results revealed that the athletes are functioning with high task and ego orientations almost equally across settings. They were also relatively high overall in perceived autonomy support. Anxiety and worry existed in all three settings, but in only low to moderate amounts. In addition, athletes reported higher levels of concentration disruption in competition settings over team or personal practice. Finally, individual athletes experienced significantly higher levels of self-determination behavior in both the competition and personal practice settings over team practice. No significant differences were found between the pre and postseason surveys for either the athletes or the coaches, or in the ability levels (H, M, and L) of the athletes.

Bakgrund: Ökade rörligheten i samhället, snabb teknisk och industriell utveckling, ökat våld och terrorhot till följd av samhällsutvecklingen tyder på ökning av sjukvård. Mortalitet samt morbiditet orsakade av trauma kan reduceras med snabbt och effektivt insatta åtgärder.  Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att studera specialistsjuksköterskors upplevelser av nyckelfaktorer till patientsäker omvårdnad vid traumalarm nivå 1.  Deltagare och datainsamling: Åtta specialistsjuksköterskor med intensivvård- eller anestesiutbildning intervjuades med semistrukturerade intervjuer.  Metod: Kritiskt incident teknik med kvalitativ ansats användes vid analys under studien vilket resulterade i 7 kategorier.  Resultat: Resultatet av studien visar bland annat vikten av att känna sig förberedd, både genom utbildning samt träning inom teamet men även att känna till de lokaler och den utrustning som används i traumarummet. Stor vikt läggs även på att få möjlighet att reflektera och följa upp traumalarm som varit, för teamsamverkan, större förståelse mellan klinikerna, känslomässig avlastning men även för patientsäkerheten under framtida traumalarm.  Slutsats: Studien visar på svårigheter som uppkommer vid omhändertagande av patienter som drabbats av trauma men även de nyckelfaktorer som specialistsjuksköterskorna menar kan förbättra och effektivisera vården för patienterna. / Background: Increased mobility in society, rapid technical and industrial development, increased violence and terrorist threats as a result of societal developments indicate an increase in healthcare. Mortality and morbidity caused by trauma can be reduced with quick and effective measures.  Aim: The aim of this study was to study specialist nurses' experiences of key factors for patient-safe nursing at level 1 trauma alarm. Participants and data collection: Eight specialist nurses with intensive- or anesthesia care were interviewed with semi-structured interviews. Method: Critical incident technique with qualitative approach was used in analysis during the study which resulted in 7 categories. Results: The results of the study show, among other things, the importance of feeling prepared, both through education and training within the team, but also to know the premises and the equipment used in the trauma room. Great emphasis is also placed on having the opportunity to reflect and follow up on trauma alarms that have been, for team collaboration, greater understanding between the clinics, emotional relief but also for patient safety during future trauma alarms. Conclusion: The study shows difficulties that arise in the care of patients affected by trauma, but also the key factors that the specialist nurses believe can improve and streamline care for patients.